Abstract
We continuously monitored the circadian sleep patterns of unrestrained rats for more than 96 hr and infused various prostaglandins into their third ventricles for 10 hr to study the effects on inducing sleep. Prostaglandin D2 at 6 fmol/min had no effect on either slow wave sleep or paradoxical sleep. However, prostaglandin D2 at as little as 60 fmol/min caused a significant amount of excess slow wave sleep as compared with the control level during saline infusion. Paradoxical sleep was induced by prostaglandin D2 at doses greater than 600 fmol/min. Prostaglandin D2 (600 fmol/min) increased slow wave sleep by 33% and paradoxical sleep by 56%. Although prostaglandin F2 alpha (600 fmol/min) increased the amount of slow wave sleep, its activity was less than that of the same amount of prostaglandin D2. Prostaglandin E2 (600 fmol/min) had no effect on increasing the amounts of both slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. During the infusion of prostaglandin D2, rats were easily aroused by clap sound stimulation and their sleeping and waking postures remained normal. Further, their sleep was episodic, as observed in the physiological sleep of rats.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Abdel-Halim M. S., Hamberg M., Sjöquist B., Anggård E. Identification of prostaglandin D2 as a major prostaglandin in homogenates of rat brain. Prostaglandins. 1977 Oct;14(4):633–643. doi: 10.1016/0090-6980(77)90190-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Adams T. Hypothalamic Temperature in the Cat during Feeding and Sleep. Science. 1963 Feb 15;139(3555):609–610. doi: 10.1126/science.139.3555.609. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flower R. J. Drugs which inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. Pharmacol Rev. 1974 Mar;26(1):33–67. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flower R. J., Vane J. R. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase in brain explains the anti-pyretic activity of paracetamol (4-acetamidophenol). Nature. 1972 Dec 15;240(5381):410–411. doi: 10.1038/240410a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haskell E. H., Palca J. W., Walker J. M., Berger R. J., Heller H. C. Metabolism and thermoregulation during stages of sleep in humans exposed to heat and cold. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981 Oct;51(4):948–954. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.51.4.948. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hayward J. N., Baker M. A. A comparative study of the role of the cerebral arterial blood in the regulation of brain temperature in five mammals. Brain Res. 1969 Dec;16(2):417–440. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90236-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Honda K., Inoué S. [Establishment of a bioassay method for the sleep-promoting substance (author's transl)]. Tokyo Ika Shika Daigaku Iyo Kizai Kenkyusho Hokoku. 1978;12:81–85. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jouvet M. Biogenic amines and the states of sleep. Science. 1969 Jan 3;163(3862):32–41. doi: 10.1126/science.163.3862.32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kovalzon V. M. Brain temperature variations during natural sleep and arousal in white rats. Physiol Behav. 1973 Apr;10(4):667–670. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(73)90141-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krueger J. M., Pappenheimer J. R., Karnovsky M. L. Sleep-promoting effects of muramyl peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):6102–6106. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.6102. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krueger J. M., Pappenheimer J. R., Karnovsky M. L. The composition of sleep-promoting factor isolated from human urine. J Biol Chem. 1982 Feb 25;257(4):1664–1669. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Narumiya S., Ogorochi T., Nakao K., Hayaishi O. Prostaglandin D2 in rat brain, spinal cord and pituitary: basal level and regional distribution. Life Sci. 1982 Nov 8;31(19):2093–2103. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90101-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pappenheimer J. R., Koski G., Fencl V., Karnovsky M. L., Krueger J. Extraction of sleep-promoting factor S from cerebrospinal fluid and from brains of sleep-deprived animals. J Neurophysiol. 1975 Nov;38(6):1299–1311. doi: 10.1152/jn.1975.38.6.1299. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roussel B., Dittmar A., Chouvet G. Internal temperature variations during the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. Waking Sleeping. 1980 Jan-Mar;4(1):63–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schoenenberger G. A., Monnier M. Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Mar;74(3):1282–1286. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.3.1282. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimizu T., Mizuno N., Amano T., Hayaishi O. Prostaglandin D2, a neuromodulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6231–6234. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimizu T., Yamamoto S., Hayaishi O. Purification and properties of prostaglandin D synthetase from rat brain. J Biol Chem. 1979 Jun 25;254(12):5222–5228. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ueno R., Ishikawa Y., Nakayama T., Hayaishi O. Prostaglandin D2 induces sleep when microinjected into the preoptic area of conscious rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Nov 30;109(2):576–582. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)91760-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ueno R., Narumiya S., Ogorochi T., Nakayama T., Ishikawa Y., Hayaishi O. Role of prostaglandin D2 in the hypothermia of rats caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):6093–6097. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.6093. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watanabe K., Shimizu T., Iguchi S., Wakatsuka H., Hayashi M., Hayaishi O. An NADP-linked prostaglandin D dehydrogenase in swine brain. J Biol Chem. 1980 Mar 10;255(5):1779–1782. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]