Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology logoLink to Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
. 2012 Jul 21;2(2):112–115. doi: 10.1016/S0973-6883(12)60098-X

The Distribution of Genotype and Allelic Frequency of IL28B Gene Polymorphism in Andhra Pradesh, India

Siddapuram Sivaprasad *,*, Padaki Nagaraja Rao **, Rajesh Gupta **, Kaitha Ashwini *, Duvvuru Nageshwar Reddy **
PMCID: PMC3940249  PMID: 25755419

Abstract

Background

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL28B gene on chromosome 19, encoding for the interferon (IFN)-λ-3 is strongly associated with treatment response to pegylated-IFN and ribavirin in patients infected with different genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Difference between ethnicity and treatment response rates suggesting a key role of host genetics. The IL28B polymorphism (rs12979860C/T) shows a marked differential distribution between racial groups.

Aim

The present study is aimed to evaluate genotype and allelic frequency of IL28B gene polymorphism (rs12979860C/T) in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods

A total of 220 healthy controls were recruited for the study. The genotyping of SNP rs12979860C/T on IL28B gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing method.

Result

The frequency of CC genotype was found to be significantly (59.09%) higher compared to CT (34.09%) and TT (6.81%) genotypes, respectively. The frequency of major allele C is 0.762 whereas minor allele T is 0.238.

Conclusion

The higher distribution of genotype ‘CC’ of SNP, rs12979860C/T of IL28B gene in study subjects is suggestive of better response of HCV patients to standard anti-HCV therapy.

Keywords: Genotype, hepatitis C virus, IL28B gene, single nucleotide polymorphism

Abbreviations: CHC, chronic hepatitis C virus; GWAS, genome-wide association studies; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IL, interleukin; PEG-IFN-α, pegylated-interferon-α; RBC, red blood cells; RBV, ribavirin; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SVR, sustained virological response; WBC, white blood cells

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (183.5 KB).

References

  • 1.WHO, World Health Organisation Hepatitis C. Initiative for Vaccine Research. Available from: <http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/viralcancers/en/index2.html> [accessed Feb, 2010].
  • 2.Bisceglie AM, Hoofnagle JH. Optimal therapy of hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2002;36:S121–S127. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.36228. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.David M. Signal transduction by type I interferons. Biotechniques. 2002;33:S58–S65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Lindsay KL. Introduction to therapy of hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2002;36:S114–S120. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.36226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Attia J, Ioannidis JP, Thakkinstian A. How to use an article about genetic association: a background concepts. JAMA. 2009;301:74–81. doi: 10.1001/jama.2008.901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ. Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. Nature. 2009;461:399–401. doi: 10.1038/nature08309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Suppiah V, Moldovan M, Ahlenstiel G. IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy. Nat Genet. 2009;41:1100–1104. doi: 10.1038/ng.447. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Tanaka Y, Nishida N, Sugiyama M. Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Genet. 2009;41:1105–1109. doi: 10.1038/ng.449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Rauch A, Kutalik Z, Descombes P. Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with chronic hepatitis C and treatment failure: a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:1338–1348. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Asselah T. Genetic polymorphism and response to treatment in chronic hepatitis C: the future of personalized medicine. J Hepatol. 2010;52:452–454. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.11.016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Christoph S, Simone S, Alexandra D. Importance of IL28B gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients. J Hepatol. 2011;54:415–421. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Conjeevaram HS, Fried MW, Jeffers LJ. Peginterferon and ribavirin treatment in African American and Caucasian American patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:470–477. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Muir AJ, Bornstein JD, Killenberg PG. Peginterferon Alfa-2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in blacks and non-hispanic whites. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2265–2271. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Thomas D, Thio CL, Martin MP. Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2009;461:798–801. doi: 10.1038/nature08463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky H. Simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16:1215. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.3.1215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Wohnsland A, Hofmann WP, Sarrazin C. Viral determinants of resistance to treatment in patients with hepatitis C. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20:23–38. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00010-06. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Kau A, Vermehren J, Sarrazin C. Treatment predictors of a sustained virologic response in hepatitis B and C. J Hepatol. 2008;49:634–651. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.07.013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB. Diagnosis, management and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology. 2009;49:1335–1374. doi: 10.1002/hep.22759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.McCaughan GW, Omata M, Amarapurkar D. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus statements on the diagnosis, management and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:615–633. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04883.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Zeuzem S, Berg T, Moeller B. Expert opinion on the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepatol. 2009;16:75–90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01012.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Fried MW. Side effects of therapy of hepatitis C and their management. Hepatology. 2002;36:237–244. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.36810. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Yan KK, Marianne G, Thuy D. Treatment responses in Asians and Caucasians with chronic hepatitis C infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:3416–3420. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.3416. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Liu CH, Liu CJ, Lin CL. Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a plus ribavirin for treatment-naive Asian patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:1260–1269. doi: 10.1086/592579. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Wilson JF, Weale ME, Smith AC. Population genetic structure of variable drug response. Nat Genet. 2001;29:265–269. doi: 10.1038/ng761. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Juan AP, Antonio C, Antonio R. Prediction of response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin by IL28B gene variation in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51:788–795. doi: 10.1086/656235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Tomokazu K, Nelson HC, Waka O. Predictive value of the IL28B polymorphism on the effect of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients with genotypes 2a and 2b. J Hepatol. 2011;54:408–414. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES