Abstract
We cloned alpha- and beta-interferon cDNA and used them as specific probes to determine the relative levels of interferon mRNA in human fibroblasts cells induced with poly(rI).poly(rC) or Newcastle disease virus to synthesize interferon. Both inducers activated only the beta-interferon gene; however, the half life of beta-interferon mRNA in cells induced with virus was substantially longer than in poly(rI).poly(rC)-induced cells. The transcription rate of beta-interferon RNA sequences was examined in nuclei isolated from poly(rI).poly(rC)-induced cells; it was found that the induction leads to transcriptional activation of the beta-interferon gene and that the shutoff period when no interferon synthesis or cytoplasmic betamRNA are detected. Thus, the synthesis of beta interferon in poly(rI).poly-(rC)-induced human fibroblasts is controlled both by activation of transcription of the beta-interferon gene and by alteration of the beta-interferon mRNA stability.
Full text
PDF![3923](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/26d4/394171/189475eb1f30/pnas00639-0052.png)
![3924](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/26d4/394171/6acc862416ca/pnas00639-0053.png)
![3925](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/26d4/394171/33086fa500e8/pnas00639-0054.png)
![3926](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/26d4/394171/bf96eeb7b3ae/pnas00639-0055.png)
![3927](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/26d4/394171/b5c320743e8d/pnas00639-0056.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Allen G., Fantes K. H. A family of structural genes for human lymphoblastoid (leukocyte-type) interferon. Nature. 1980 Oct 2;287(5781):408–411. doi: 10.1038/287408a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Borden E. C., Murphy F. A. The interferon refractory state: in vivo and in vitro studies of its mechanism. J Immunol. 1971 Jan;106(1):134–142. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cavalieri R. L., Havell E. A., Vilcek J., Pestka S. Induction and decay of human fibroblast interferon mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4415–4419. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- De Maeyer-Guignard J., Tovey M. G., Gresser I., De Maeyer E. Purification of mouse interferon by sequential affinity chromatography on poly(U)--and antibody--agarose columns. Nature. 1978 Feb 16;271(5646):622–625. doi: 10.1038/271622a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DiDomenico B. J., Bugaisky G. E., Lindquist S. The heat shock response is self-regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(3 Pt 2):593–603. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90315-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dixon R. A., Schaffer P. A. Fine-structure mapping and functional analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants in the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early protein VP175. J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):189–203. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.1.189-203.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goeddel D. V., Leung D. W., Dull T. J., Gross M., Lawn R. M., McCandliss R., Seeburg P. H., Ullrich A., Yelverton E., Gray P. W. The structure of eight distinct cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNAs. Nature. 1981 Mar 5;290(5801):20–26. doi: 10.1038/290020a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goeddel D. V., Yelverton E., Ullrich A., Heyneker H. L., Miozzari G., Holmes W., Seeburg P. H., Dull T., May L., Stebbing N. Human leukocyte interferon produced by E. coli is biologically active. Nature. 1980 Oct 2;287(5781):411–416. doi: 10.1038/287411a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Havell E. A., Yip Y. K., Vilcek J. Characteristics of human lymphoblastoid (Namalva) interferon. J Gen Virol. 1978 Jan;38(1):51–59. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-38-1-51. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hayes T. G., Yip Y. K., Vilcek J. Le interferon production by human fibroblasts. Virology. 1979 Oct 30;98(2):351–363. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90558-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hofer E., Darnell J. E., Jr The primary transcription unit of the mouse beta-major globin gene. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):585–593. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90154-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Houghton M., Jackson I. J., Porter A. G., Doel S. M., Catlin G. H., Barber C., Carey N. H. The absence of introns within a human fibroblast interferon gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):247–266. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kohase M., Vilcek J. Interferon induction with Newcastle disease virus in FS-4 cells: effect of priming with interferon and of virus inactivating treatments. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1979 Oct;32(5):281–294. doi: 10.7883/yoken1952.32.281. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kohase M., Vilcek J. REgulation of human interferon production stimulated with poly(I)-poly(C): correlation between shutoff and hyporesponsiveness to reinduction. Virology. 1977 Jan;76(1):47–54. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90280-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McKnight G. S., Palmiter R. D. Transcriptional regulation of the ovalbumin and conalbumin genes by steroid hormones in chick oviduct. J Biol Chem. 1979 Sep 25;254(18):9050–9058. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meager A., Graves H., Burke D. C., Swallow D. M. Involvement of a gene on chromosome 9 in human fibroblast interferon production. Nature. 1979 Aug 9;280(5722):493–495. doi: 10.1038/280493a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morser J., Meager A., Colman A. Enhancement of interferon mRNA levels in butyric acid-treated Namalwa cells. FEBS Lett. 1980 Apr 7;112(2):203–206. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80180-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mozes L. W., Vilcek J. Distinguishing characteristics of interferon induction with poly(I)-poly(C) and Newcastle disease virus in human cells. Virology. 1975 May;65(1):100–111. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90010-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Myers R. M., Rio D. C., Robbins A. K., Tjian R. SV40 gene expression is modulated by the cooperative binding of T antigen to DNA. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):373–384. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90056-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nagata S., Brack C., Henco K., Schamböck A., Weissmann C. Partial mapping of ten genes of the human interferon- alpha family. J Interferon Res. 1981 Feb;1(2):333–336. doi: 10.1089/jir.1981.1.333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Owerbach D., Rutter W. J., Shows T. B., Gray P., Goeddel D. V., Lawn R. M. Leukocyte and fibroblast interferon genes are located on human chromosome 9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):3123–3127. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.3123. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pitha P. M., Slate D. L., Raj N. B., Ruddle F. H. Human beta interferon gene localization and expression in somatic cell hybrids. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 May;2(5):564–570. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.5.564. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Raj N. B., Pitha P. M. Analysis of interferon mRNA in human fibroblast cells induced to produce interferon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7426–7430. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7426. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Raj N. B., Pitha P. M. Relationship between interferon production and interferon messenger RNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Apr;74(4):1483–1487. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.4.1483. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Raj N. B., Pitha P. M. Synthesis of new proteins associated with the induction of interferon in human fibroblast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Aug;77(8):4918–4922. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4918. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Raj N. B., Pitha P. M. The messenger RNA sequences in human fibroblast cells induced with poly rI.rC to produce interferon. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Aug 11;8(15):3427–3437. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.15.3427. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sehgal P. B., Tamm I. Two mechanisms contribute to the superinduction of poly(I).poly(C)-induced human fibroblast interferon production. Virology. 1979 Jan 15;92(1):240–244. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90230-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shuttleworth J., Morser J., Burke D. C. Control of interferon mRNA levels and interferon yields in butyrate and 5'-bromodeoxyuridine-treated Namalwa cells. J Gen Virol. 1982 Jan;58(Pt 1):25–35. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-58-1-25. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Streuli M., Nagata S., Weissmann C. At least three human type alpha interferons: structure of alpha 2. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1343–1347. doi: 10.1126/science.6158094. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Strohman R. C., Moss P. S., Micou-Eastwood J., Spector D., Przybyla A., Paterson B. Messenger RNA for myosin polypeptides: isolation from single myogenic cell cultures. Cell. 1977 Feb;10(2):265–273. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90220-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tan Y. H., Armstrong J. A., Ke Y. H., Ho M. Regulation of cellular interferon production: enhancement by antimetabolites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Sep;67(1):464–471. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.1.464. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tan Y. H., Berthold W. A mechanism for the induction and regulation of human fibroblastoid interferon genetic expression. J Gen Virol. 1977 Mar;34(3):401–411. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-34-3-401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Taniguchi T., Ohno S., Fujii-Kuriyama Y., Muramatsu M. The nucleotide sequence of human fibroblast interferon cDNA. Gene. 1980 Jun;10(1):11–15. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90138-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tavernier J., Derynck R., Fiers W. Evidence for a unique human fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta 1) chromosomal gene, devoid of intervening sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Feb 11;9(3):461–471. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.3.461. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vilcek J., Havell E. A. Stabilization of interferon messenger RNA activity by treatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors and lowering of the incubation temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Dec;70(12):3909–3913. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3909. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]