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Canadian Journal of Surgery logoLink to Canadian Journal of Surgery
. 1998 Feb;41(1):59–66.

The incidence of spinal surgery in canada

Greg McIntosh 1,, Hamilton Hall 1, Tony Melles 1
PMCID: PMC3950063  PMID: 9492749

Abstract

Objective

To estimate the incidence of spinal surgery in 5 Canadian provinces over a 12-month period.

Design

Cumulative incidence study.

Setting

Five provinces (63% of Canada’s population).

Participants

All patients who underwent spinal surgery between July 1, 1992, and June 30, 1993, in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, New Brunswick and Newfoundland.

Main outcome measure

Overall spinal surgery rates per province and by age and sex.

Results

In the 5 provinces over the allotted 12-month period, 12 329 spinal surgical procedures were performed. The overall rate of spinal surgery for the 5 provinces was 80 per 100 000 population. Ontario had the lowest rate of 61 per 100 000; British Columbia had the highest at 89 per 100 000. Men aged 40 to 49 years in Newfoundland had the highest overall rate at 210 per 100 000. Calculation of relative risks determined that Newfoundland’s under-20 age groups for both sexes were almost 3 times as likely to undergo spinal surgery as the same age groups in Ontario (male relative risk = 2.73, female relative risk = 2.84). Males in British Columbia and Alberta had a statistically significant increased risk of surgery across all age groups except for those under 20 years old, and females in British Columbia showed a statistically significant increased risk of surgery across all age groups compared with those in Ontario. Males underwent 57.7% of all spine operations.

Conclusions

The incidence of spinal surgery is not uniform across Canada. Overall, the per capita rate is lower than in the United States. The explanation for this divergence remains unclear.

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