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Canadian Journal of Surgery logoLink to Canadian Journal of Surgery
. 1998 Aug;41(4):299–305.

Primary hyperaldosteronism and adrenal incidentaloma: an argument for physiologic testing before adrenalectomy

Finlay A McAlister *,, Richard Z Lewanczuk
PMCID: PMC3950085  PMID: 9711163

Abstract

Objective

To determine the frequency of nonfunctioning adrenal masses in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism.

Design

A case series.

Setting

A tertiary care hypertension clinic.

Patients

Twenty-seven consecutive patients with primary hyperaldosteronism.

Measurements

Blood pressure, serum electrolytes, supine and upright plasma renin, cortisol and aldosterone levels, selective adrenal vein aldosterone and cortisol levels, adrenal computed tomography (CT) scans and pathology reports.

Results

There was considerable overlap in the clinical features and laboratory investigations for patients with unilateral aldosteronoma and those with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Of the 27 patients who had confirmed primary hyperaldosteronism investigated at this centre, 25 had a definitive diagnosis assigned on the basis of postural stimulation tests, adrenal CT scans, and bilateral adrenal vein sampling, surgery or a combination of test results. Of this group, 18 had adrenal masses visualized on CT. However, only 13 of these 18 patients had an adrenal aldosteronoma subsequently proven by selective adrenal vein sampling or surgery, or both; the other 5 patients were found to have bilateral adrenal hyperplasia with nonfunctioning adrenal masses. CT had a sensitivity of 100% for the diagnosis of aldosteronoma, but the specificity was only 58% and the positive predictive value was only 72%. The likelihood ratio for the diagnosis of aldosteronoma in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism and an adrenal mass on CT was only 2.4.

Conclusion

Given the poor specificity of CT in patients with primary aldosteronism, full biochemical and physiologic testing should be done before adrenalectomy in patients with suspected adrenal aldosteronoma.

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