Figure 1. Mapping a spatiotemporal pattern of hippocampal hypermetabolism and atrophy during the emergence of psychosis.

(A). Tracking changes in hippocampal cerebral blood volume (%CBV) over time in high-risk subjects who progress to psychosis versus those who do not (‘no psychosis’) shows that CA1 %CBV (upper graph) is increased in progressors at the pre-psychotic baseline stage (‘Time 1’) and remains elevated at the onset of psychosis (‘Time 2’). In the subiculum (SUB) (lower graph), no %CBV differences were observed at baseline (‘Time 1’) but an abnormal increase emerged after the onset of psychosis (‘Time 2’).

(B) No changes in whole hippocampal volume between the progressors (‘psychosis’) and nonprogressors (‘no-psychosis’) were observed in the pre-psychotic baseline stage (‘Time 1’) but atrophy was observed after the onset of psychosis (‘Time 2’).

(C) Changes in hippocampal morphometric shape over time between the progressors and nonprogressors pinpoints the site of dominant hippocampal volume loss. The right and left hippocampal bodies are shown over the posterior-to-anterior long axis, with warmer colors indicating sites of statistically significant morphometric shape change between the groups over time. A gradient of statistical significance over the long axis is observed, with greatest changes observed in the anterior hippocampal body, in particular in the left CA1 and subiculum.

(D) A vector map shows the directionality of morphometric changes between the groups. Arrows pointing inward along the surface of the hippocampal shape indicate negative hippocampal shape change in progressors to psychosis vs. non progressors, with the greatest effects observed bilaterally in the anterior CA1 and subiculum. Arrows that run parallel to the long axis, as shown in the anterior uncus and posterior body indicate a shift in three dimensions of the hippocampal body potentially consistent with either shrinkage or movement of the entire structure in space over time between the groups.

See also Tables S1 and S2.