Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1985 Jan;82(1):48–52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.1.48

Reovirus hemagglutinin mRNA codes for two polypeptides in overlapping reading frames.

H Ernst, A J Shatkin
PMCID: PMC396968  PMID: 3855548

Abstract

Human reovirus s1 mRNA, which codes for the viral hemagglutinin, also directs the synthesis of a previously unrecognized polypeptide of molecular mass 14 kDa in reticulocyte and wheat germ extracts. Hybrid-arrest of translation by selected restriction fragments of cloned S1 DNA indicated that synthesis of the 14-kDa polypeptide initiates at the second AUG. This was confirmed by NH2-terminal sequence analyses. The coding sequence for the 14-kDa polypeptide thus lies entirely within the hemagglutinin gene but in a different reading frame. Although not found in virions, the 14-kDa polypeptide apparently is formed in virus-infected mouse L cells, as demonstrated by comparison of [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides in cell extracts with the corresponding in vitro products.

Full text

PDF
48

Images in this article

49Image
on p.49
50Image
on p.50
50Image
on p.50
51Image
on p.51
51Image
on p.51
51Image
on p.51
51Image
on p.51

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson C. W., Straus J. W., Dudock B. S. Preparation of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from wheat germ. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:635–644. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01044-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barrell B. G., Air G. M., Hutchison C. A., 3rd Overlapping genes in bacteriophage phiX174. Nature. 1976 Nov 4;264(5581):34–41. doi: 10.1038/264034a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bos J. L., Polder L. J., Bernards R., Schrier P. I., van den Elsen P. J., van der Eb A. J., van Ormondt H. The 2.2 kb E1b mRNA of human Ad12 and Ad5 codes for two tumor antigens starting at different AUG triplets. Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):121–131. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90366-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cenatiempo Y., Twardowski T., Shoeman R., Ernst H., Brot N., Weissbach H., Shatkin A. J. Two initiation sites detected in the small s1 species of reovirus mRNA by dipeptide synthesis in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(4):1084–1088. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.4.1084. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Crawford L. V., Gesteland R. F. Synthesis of polyoma proteins in vitro. J Mol Biol. 1973 Mar 15;74(4):627–634. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90053-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fields B. N., Greene M. I. Genetic and molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis: implications for prevention and treatment. Nature. 1982 Nov 4;300(5887):19–23. doi: 10.1038/300019a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Giorgi C., Blumberg B. M., Kolakofsky D. Sendai virus contains overlapping genes expressed from a single mRNA. Cell. 1983 Dec;35(3 Pt 2):829–836. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90115-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Imai M., Richardson M. A., Ikegami N., Shatkin A. J., Furuichi Y. Molecular cloning of double-stranded RNA virus genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):373–377. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.2.373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kozak M. Analysis of ribosome binding sites from the s1 message of reovirus. Initiation at the first and second AUG codons. J Mol Biol. 1982 Apr 25;156(4):807–820. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90143-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kozak M. Comparison of initiation of protein synthesis in procaryotes, eucaryotes, and organelles. Microbiol Rev. 1983 Mar;47(1):1–45. doi: 10.1128/mr.47.1.1-45.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kozak M. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857–872. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kozak M. How do eucaryotic ribosomes select initiation regions in messenger RNA? Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1109–1123. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90039-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kozak M. Nucleotide sequences of 5'-terminal ribosome-protected initiation regions from two reovirus messages. Nature. 1977 Sep 29;269(5627):391–394. doi: 10.1038/269390a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kozak M. Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 24;9(20):5233–5252. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.20.5233. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Identification of features in 5' terminal fragments from reovirus mRNA which are important for ribosome binding. Cell. 1978 Jan;13(1):201–212. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90150-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Migration of 40 S ribosomal subunits on messenger RNA in the presence of edeine. J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 25;253(18):6568–6577. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laughon A., Driscoll R., Wills N., Gesteland R. F. Identification of two proteins encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Feb;4(2):268–275. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.2.268. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Li J. K., Keene J. D., Scheible P. P., Joklik W. K. Nature of the 3'-terminal sequences of the plus and minus strands of the S1 gene of reovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3. Virology. 1980 Aug;105(1):41–51. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90154-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Mardon G., Varmus H. E. Frameshift and intragenic suppressor mutations in a Rous sarcoma provirus suggest src encodes two proteins. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):871–879. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90072-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Marsden H. S., Haarr L., Preston C. M. Processing of herpes simplex virus proteins and evidence that translation of thymidine kinase mRNA is initiated at three separate AUG codons. J Virol. 1983 May;46(2):434–445. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.2.434-445.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. McCrae M. A., Joklik W. K. The nature of the polypeptide encoded by each of the 10 double-stranded RNA segments of reovirus type 3. Virology. 1978 Sep;89(2):578–593. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90199-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Merrick W. C. Translation of exogenous mRNAs in reticulocyte lysates. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:606–615. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01041-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Morgan M. A., Shatkin A. J. Initiation of reovirus transcription by inosine 5'-triphosphate and properties of 7-methylinosine-capped, inosine-substituted messenger ribonucleic acids. Biochemistry. 1980 Dec 23;19(26):5960–5966. doi: 10.1021/bi00567a003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mustoe T. A., Ramig R. F., Sharpe A. H., Fields B. N. Genetics of reovirus: identification of the ds RNA segments encoding the polypeptides of the mu and sigma size classes. Virology. 1978 Sep;89(2):594–604. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90200-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Otto M., Snejdárková M. A simple and rapid method for the quantitative isolation of proteins from polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem. 1981 Feb;111(1):111–114. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90236-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Pan Y. C., Li S. S. Structure of secretory protein IV from rat seminal vesicles. Int J Pept Protein Res. 1982 Sep;20(3):177–187. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1982.tb03047.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Paterson B. M., Roberts B. E., Kuff E. L. Structural gene identification and mapping by DNA-mRNA hybrid-arrested cell-free translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4370–4374. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4370. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Preston C. M., McGeoch D. J. Identification and mapping of two polypeptides encoded within the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene sequences. J Virol. 1981 May;38(2):593–605. doi: 10.1128/jvi.38.2.593-605.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shaw M. W., Choppin P. W., Lamb R. A. A previously unrecognized influenza B virus glycoprotein from a bicistronic mRNA that also encodes the viral neuraminidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(16):4879–4883. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.16.4879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Smith R. E., Zweerink H. J., Joklik W. K. Polypeptide components of virions, top component and cores of reovirus type 3. Virology. 1969 Dec;39(4):791–810. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90017-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES