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. 2014 Mar 25;2:e318. doi: 10.7717/peerj.318

Figure 1. Presence of rib articulation facets on cervical vertebrae of woolly mammoths (A–C) and Asian elephant (D).

Figure 1

(A) Posterior view of a C6 of a Mammuthus primigenius from the North Sea (NMR999100006627), showing an articulation facet of a cervical rib on the right side. (B) Anterior view of a C7 of a Mammuthus primigenius from the North Sea (NMR999100007602), showing a sinistral articulation facet (lower right in the picture). (C) Posterior view of a C6 of a Mammuthus primigenius from the North Sea (Naturalis St 146248), showing an articulation facet of a cervical rib on the left side. (D) Anterior view of a C7 of an Elephas maximus (ZMUC CN639), showing a minute articulation facet of a cervical rib on the right side (see inset for articulation facet). The size of cervical ribs is presumably associated with the strength of associated abnormalities. Arrows indicate articulation facets.