Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1985 Feb;82(4):1113–1115. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.4.1113

Presence and source of free isopentenyladenosine in yeasts.

H M Laten, S Zahareas-Doktor
PMCID: PMC397204  PMID: 3883351

Abstract

Cytokinins are a class of naturally occurring compounds that regulate growth and differentiation in tissues of higher plants. Many cytokinins are isopentenylated derivatives of adenine and its riboside, adenosine. By virtue of the post-transcriptional isopentenylation of specific anticodon loop adenosine residues in certain tRNA sequences, cytokinins are nearly universal, but tRNA-independent (de novo) cytokinin synthesis has been demonstrated in a few species. Using a radioimmunoassay, we have demonstrated that haploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe contain, respectively, 0.8 and 0.9 microgram of the free cytokinin, N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine, per g of cells (wet weight). Strains of both species characterized by mutations that result in deficiencies of isopentenylated tRNAs have somewhat elevated levels of free N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine. These findings lead to the conclusion that the major, if not exclusive, source of free cytokinins in these two yeasts is a synthetic pathway independent of isopentenylated RNA turnover.

Full text

PDF
1113

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Armstrong D. J., Murai N., Taller B. J., Skoog F. Incorporation of cytokinin N-benzyladenine into tobacco callus transfer ribonucleic Acid and ribosomal ribonucleic Acid preparations. Plant Physiol. 1976 Jan;57(1):15–22. doi: 10.1104/pp.57.1.15. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brown M. S., Goldstein J. L. Multivalent feedback regulation of HMG CoA reductase, a control mechanism coordinating isoprenoid synthesis and cell growth. J Lipid Res. 1980 Jul;21(5):505–517. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Burns D. M., Rodi C. P., Agris P. F. Natural occurrence of an inhibitor of mammalian cell growth in human and mouse cells of normal and tumor origin. Cancer Biochem Biophys. 1976;1(6):269–280. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Burrows W. J. Incorporation of 3H-adenine into free cytokinins by cytokinin-autonomous tobacco callus tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Oct 16;84(3):743–748. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90767-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chen C. M., Melitz D. K. Cytokinin biosynthesis in a cell-free system from cytokinin-autotrophic tobacco tissue cultures. FEBS Lett. 1979 Nov 1;107(1):15–20. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80452-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dyson W. H., Hall R. H. N-(Delta-Isopentenyl)adenosine: Its Occurrence as a Free Nucleoside in an Autonomous Strain of Tobacco Tissue. Plant Physiol. 1972 Nov;50(5):616–621. doi: 10.1104/pp.50.5.616. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Eisenberg S. P., Yarus M., Soll L. The effect of an Escherichia coli regulatory mutation on transfer RNA structure. J Mol Biol. 1979 Nov 25;135(1):111–126. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90343-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Farrow M. G., Blaydes D. F., van Dyke K. The effect of plant growth substances and natural products on RNA and DNA synthesis in leukocytes. Experientia. 1976 Jan 15;32(1):29–30. doi: 10.1007/BF01932606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fittler F., Hall R. H. Selective modification of yeast seryl-t-RNA and its effect on the acceptance and binding functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Nov 22;25(4):441–446. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90225-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Furuichi Y., Wataya Y., Hayatsu H., Ukita T. Chemical modification of tRNA-Tyr-yeast with bisulfite. A new method to modify isopentenyladenosine residue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Dec 9;41(5):1185–1191. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90211-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gallo R. C., Hecht S. M., Whang-Peng J., O'Hopp S. N 6 -( 2 -Isopentenyl)adenosine: the regulatory effects of a cytokinin and modified nucleoside from tRNA on human lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Nov 9;281(4):488–500. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90149-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gallo R. C., Whang-Peng J., Perry S. Isopentenyladenosine stimulates and inhibits mitosis of human lymphocytes treated with phytohemagglutinin. Science. 1969 Jul 25;165(3891):400–402. doi: 10.1126/science.165.3891.400. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gefter M. L., Russell R. L. Role modifications in tyrosine transfer RNA: a modified base affecting ribosome binding. J Mol Biol. 1969 Jan 14;39(1):145–157. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90339-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hall R. H. N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine: chemical reactions, biosynthesis, metabolism, and significance to the structure and function of tRNA. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1970;10:57–86. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60561-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Holtz J., Klämbt D. tRNA isopentenyltransferase from Zea mays L. Characterization of the isopentenylation reaction of tRNA, oligo (A) and other nucleic acids. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1978 Jan;359(1):89–101. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Janner F., Vögeli G., Fluri R. The antisuppressor strain sin1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe lacks the modification isopentenyladenosine in transfer RNA. J Mol Biol. 1980 May 15;139(2):207–219. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90305-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jouanneau J. P., de la Serve B. T., Péaud-Lenoël C. Frequency of N-benzyladenine incorporation into major RNA fractions of tobacco cell suspensions grown at stimulatory or cytostatic cytokinin concentration. Plant Physiol. 1984 Mar;74(3):663–668. doi: 10.1104/pp.74.3.663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laten H., Gorman J., Bock R. M. Isopentenyladenosine deficient tRNA from an antisuppressor mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Nov;5(11):4329–4342. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.11.4329. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Milstone D. S., Vold B. S., Glitz D. G., Shutt N. Antibodies to N6-(delta2-isopentenyl) adenosine and its nucleotide: interaction with purified tRNAs and with bases, nucleosides and nucleotides of the isopentenyladenosine family. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Sep;5(9):3439–3455. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.9.3439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Murai N., Armstrong D. J., Taller B. J., Skoog F. Distribution of incorporated, synthetic cytokinins in ribosomal RNA preparations from tobacco callus. Plant Physiol. 1978 Mar;61(3):318–322. doi: 10.1104/pp.61.3.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Murai N., Taller B. J., Armstrong D. J., Skoog F. Kinetin incorporated into tobacco callus ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA preparations. Plant Physiol. 1977 Aug;60(2):197–202. doi: 10.1104/pp.60.2.197. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Randerath K., Randerath E. Analysis of nucleic acid derivatives at the subnanomole level. 3. A tritium labeling procedure for quantitative analysis of ribose derivatives. Anal Biochem. 1969 Apr 4;28(1):110–118. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(69)90162-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Saito T., Shibata Y., Kurokawa T., Ishida N. Inhibitory effect of cytokinins on PHA-induced human lymphocyte stimulation. Experientia. 1979 May 15;35(5):685–686. doi: 10.1007/BF01960399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Taya Y., Tanaka Y., Nishimura S. 5'-AMP is a direct precursor of cytokinin in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature. 1978 Feb 9;271(5645):545–547. doi: 10.1038/271545a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Teyssendier de la Serve B., Jouanneau J. P. Preferential incorporation of an exogenous cytokinin, N6-benzyladenine, into 18S and 25S ribosomal RNA of tobacco cells in suspension culture. Biochimie. 1979;61(8):913–922. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80241-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Thuriaux P., Minet M., Hofer F., Leupold U. Genetic analysis of antisuppressor mutants in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Dec 31;142(4):251–261. doi: 10.1007/BF00271250. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Walker G. C., Leonard N. J. The mode of incorporation of 6-benzylaminopurine into tobacco callus transfer ribonucleic Acid: a double labeling determination. Plant Physiol. 1974 Nov;54(5):737–743. doi: 10.1104/pp.54.5.737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. de la Serve B. T., Jouanneau J. P., Péaud-Lenoël C. Incorporation of N-Benzyladenine into Messenger Poly(A)-RNA of Tobacco Cells Incubated at Stimulatory or Cytostatic Cytokinin Concentration. Plant Physiol. 1984 Mar;74(3):669–674. doi: 10.1104/pp.74.3.669. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES