Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis is well known for its mosquitocidal activity and has long been used as a biopesticide. Herein, we present the genome sequence of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain 4Q7, a plasmid-cured derivative with higher transformation efficiency than wild types.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium that produces a parasporal protein crystal (generally encoded by plasmids) during sporulation (1). Because of the insecticidal activity of its crystals, which is specific only to a single group or species of insect, B. thuringiensis has long been used as a safe and ecofriendly biological pesticide to protect crops against harmful insects (2). Specifically, B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis, first discovered in 1976, has been used worldwide in large-scale programs for controlling mosquitoes (3).
Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus (sensu stricto), and Bacillus anthracis, collectively called the B. cereus group, form a highly homogeneous subdivision of the genus Bacillus and are often regarded as a single species owing to their high genetic relatedness (4, 5). Among the species in the B. cereus group, B. thuringiensis, the only species that has been recognized as being safe to humans and animals, has been subject to research for improving the efficacy of B. thuringiensis-based biopesticides. Because most B. thuringiensis strains harbor a number of diverse plasmids, a plasmidless strain may serve as an indispensable tool for the genetic engineering of B. thuringiensis and as a surrogate host for other members of the B. cereus group. B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis 4Q7, available through the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center (Columbus, OH), is an acrystalliferous, plasmidless B. thuringiensis strain (6) widely used as a recombination host.
The 4Q7 genome was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 system at the National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management (Seoul, Korea). A total of 41,404,492 paired-end reads (101 nucleotides [nt] and 3.17 Gb in total) were produced from an ~430-bp genomic library and were preprocessed and de novo assembled using the CLC Genomics Workbench version 6.5.1. The final assembly, which takes >24× read scaffolds into account (334× at minimum), consists of 5,042,766 bases in 44 scaffolds (1,676 Ns) with a G+C content of 35.3%, which can be broken into 55 contigs. The maximum scaffold length and N50 were 607,569 bp and 287,111 bp, respectively. Automatic genome annotation, performed using the RAST server (7), predicted 115 RNA genes and 5,193 coding sequences, 41% of which were categorized into subsystems. As expected, no Bt toxin genes were identified when all translated coding sequences (CDSs) were subjected to the BtToxinScanner (8).
An average nucleotide identity analysis using JSpecies software (9) revealed that, among the completely sequenced strains in the B. cereus group, B. thuringiensis HD-789 (99.9%) and B. cereus G9842 (99.3%) are the most similar to 4Q7. We found that contig 5 (235 kb), encoding mostly hypothetical proteins and phage-related proteins, is specific to 4Q7, while the ~490-kb region common to other B. thuringiensis genomes (bp 1783089 to 2274756 in the HD-798 strain, for example) is missing in 4Q7. We believe these genomic differences account for the phenotypic characteristics of 4Q7.
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers.
This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number JEOC00000000. The version described in this paper is version JEOC01000000.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the Export Promotion Technology Development Program of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, and the KRIBB Research Initiative Program, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea.
Footnotes
Citation Jeong H, Park S-H, Choi S-K. 2014. Genome sequence of the acrystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain 4Q7, widely used as a recombination host. Genome Announc. 2(2):e00231-14. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00231-14.
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