Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis strain AN5 has been used to produce purified protein derivative (PPD) for the intradermal test for bovine tuberculosis since it was introduced in 1948. This work reports the draft genome sequence of M. bovis AN5, which is used for the production of bovine PPD in Brazil, as well as comparisons to other strains of M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that accounts for annual losses of $3 billion (1) and that poses a threat to public health and animal welfare (2, 3). In Brazil and many other countries, the program for controlling bovine tuberculosis involves testing cattle with an antigen preparation of the M. bovis AN5 strain, namely, purified protein derivative (PPD), followed by slaughtering positive reactors. This strain produces a high yield of cell mass on glycerinated medium, a desirable phenotype that was selected by repeated subculture of the bacillus on laboratory medium (4). The draft genome of the M. bovis AN5 strain used in Brazil for PPD production is reported in this paper. Comparisons of the genes coding for PPD proteins in other strains of M. bovis (AF2122/97 and 04-303) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv are also described.
The genome sequence was obtained using MiSeq technology (5), producing a total of 3,240,633 paired-end reads. After filtering, 2,269,762 paired-end reads and 372,399 single-end reads were used in the assembly. We performed a reference-assisted genome assembly of the filtered data for M. bovis AN5 with the M. bovis AF2122/97 strain (GenBank accession no. NC_002945) using Bowtie (6). The assembly contains 70 contigs (with sizes no shorter than 500 bp) and an N50 of 150,219. Annotation for the M. bovis AN5 genome was obtained by using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (7) and comprises 3,938 coding sequences (CDSs) and 48 RNA genes (3 rRNAs and 45 tRNAs). Out of the 3,938 CDSs, 2,830 (72%) have a functional assignment.
A comparison of the genes coding for proteins found in bovine PPDs produced in the United Kingdom (PPDUK) and in Brazil (PPDBR) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed a total of 116 proteins. Of these, 67 were found only in PPDUK, 12 were found only in PPDBR, and 37 were identified in both samples (8). This fact suggests that the Brazilian M. bovis AN5 isolate might be missing some PPD genes or that the genes contain a high degree of variation. Genes coding for all 116 proteins found in both PPDs were compared to their orthologs in M. bovis AF2122/97 (1), M. bovis 04-303 (9), and M. tuberculosis H37Rv (10) and showed a high degree of conservation, with identities ranging from 98% to 100%. In addition, no frameshifts were detected. Genes coding for the immunodominant proteins MPB64, MPB70, MPB83, GroEL, GroES, HspX, CFP-10, and CFP-21 are 100% conserved among the orthologs. The gene coding for ESAT-6 showed 100% identity with orthologs in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis AF2122/97 strains, and 99% identity with the ortholog in M. bovis 04-303. The gene coding for MPB53 showed 100% identity with orthologs in M. bovis 04-303 and M. bovis AF2122/97 and 99% identity with that in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In conclusion, neither gene deletion nor gene variation in M. bovis AN5 strains used for PPDBR supports the proteomic differences compared with PPDUK.
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers.
This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under accession no. AWPL00000000. The version described in this paper is version AWPL01000000.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by CNPq (grants 305503/2010-3 and 479394/2011-3), Fundect (grants TO 0096/12 and 23/200.152/2009), and Embrapa (grant 03.11.22.003.00.00).
Footnotes
Citation Canevari Castelão AB, Nishibe C, Moura A, de Alencar AP, de Azevedo Issa M, Hodon MA, Mota PMPC, Sales ÉB, Fonseca Júnior AA, Almeida NF, Araújo FR. 2014. Draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis strain AN5, used for production of purified protein derivative. Genome Announc. 2(2):e00277-14. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00277-14.
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