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. 1995 Mar 15;14(6):1156–1165. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07099.x

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha activates c-raf-1 kinase via the p55 TNF receptor engaging neutral sphingomyelinase.

C Belka 1, K Wiegmann 1, D Adam 1, R Holland 1, M Neuloh 1, F Herrmann 1, M Krönke 1, M A Brach 1
PMCID: PMC398193  PMID: 7720706

Abstract

TNF-alpha mediates proliferation, functional activation and apoptotic death of cells depending upon its concentration and target cell type. The signaling pathways used by TNF-alpha to mount these responses are, at present, not completely understood. We report here that TNF-alpha promotes dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the c-raf-1 kinase engaging the type I p55 TNF receptor (TNF-R). c-raf-kinase activation was duplicated by an agonistic monoclonal antibody directed against the p55 TNF-R. Moreover, ectopic expression of the human p55 TNF-R in murine pre-B 70Z/3 cells was sufficient to confer c-raf-1-kinase activation by human TNF-alpha. By inhibiting intracellular activation of acidic sphingomyelinase (SMase) and by using deleted forms of the type I TNF-R it was shown that the neutral, but not the acidic SMase, participated in TNF-alpha-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the c-raf kinase. TNF-alpha-induced transcriptional activation of a heterologous promoter construct harboring the AP-1 binding site was also mediated by the type I p55 TNF-R. In this case the initiation of transcription required the same cytoplasmic domain as that responsible for activation of c-raf-1 kinase and was liberated in the presence of a dominant negative mutant of c-raf-1.

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