Table 2.
Type of theranostic nanomedicine |
Targeting/Therapeutic/ Diagnostic agent |
Site of administration |
Duration of diagnosis | Duration of therapy | Fold of efficacy enhancement | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drug-polymer conjugates | RGD/64Cu | i.v. | 3 h | 3 h | ~ 1 fold in tumor | 39 |
Polymeric nanoparticles |
Passive/Quantum dots/Iron oxide nanoparticles | i.v. | 6 h | -- | ~ 1.5 folds in tumor | 18 |
Magnetic nanoparticles |
Cy 5.5/siRNA/ Iron oxide nanoparticles |
i.v. | 48 h | 48 h | In vivo silencing in tumor was observed | 60 |
Solid lipid nanoparticles |
RGD/Lead selenide | i.v. | 120 h | -- | ~ 1 fold in tumor vasculature | 66 |
Dendrimers | LHRH/ Phthalocyanines | i.v. | 10 h | 24 h | Significant fluorescent was observed in tumor with cytotoxicity | 75 |
Liposomes | Passive/Camptothecin/Irinotecan/ Cholesterol |
Intratumoral | 24 h | 24 h | ~ 6 folds longer duration of detection/more drug concentration at tumor site | 90 |
Micelles | Passive/Iron oxide nanoparticles | i.v. | 24 h | 24 h | ~ 1fold T2 value decreases with significant cell death | 108 |
Carbon nanomaterials |
Folic acid/MWCNTs/ Technitium-99m |
i.v. | 24 h | 1-15 days (2 doses per week) |
~ 8.5 folds higher than non- targeted MWCNTs after 24 h of diagnosis with at least ~ 2 folds higher tumor inhibition | 132 |