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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cognition. 2014 Mar 19;131(3):373–403. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.01.007

Table 13.

Simple correlations among composite and non-composite measures (N=50).

Measure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. phono. awareness - .22 .29 .00 .11 .08 .22 .13 −.02 −.15 .00
2. word/non-word reading .42 - .69 .47 .64 .38 .77 .60 .31 .03 .00
3. fluency .44 .76 - .56 .73 .41 .63 .47 .25 .08 .00
4. oral comprehension .31 .65 .67 - .64 .19 .56 .69 .32 .11 .00
5. reading comp. .38 .76 .79 .79 - .55 .63 .69 .32 .06 .00
6. print experience .22 .47 .50 .34 .60 - .18 .38 .34 −.12 .00
7. spelling .37 .82 .70 .66 .71 .29 - .50 .12 .08 .00
8. receptive vocabulary .41 .74 .62 .83 .83 .48 .62 - .36 −.05 .00
9. working memory .25 .52 .44 .56 .56 .45 .32 .60 - .05 .00
10. serial order memory .10 .27 .26 .36 .33 .04 .25 .28 .29 - .00
11. IQ .47 .55 .46 .64 .65 .32 .42 .69 .56 .45 -

|r| ≥ .28, p < .05, |r| ≥ .37, p < .01, |r| ≥ .46, p < .001, |r| ≥ .53, p < .0001

Note: Measure 1: composite derived from CTOPP subtests for phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid naming, rapid color naming; Measure 2: composite derived from Woodcock-Johnson word reading and word identification subtests; Measure 3: composite derived from Woodcock-Johnson reading fluency subtest and TOWRE reading words and nonwords; Measure 4: composite derived from Woodcock-Johnson listening comprehension and Peabody speech passage comprehension; Measure 5: composite derived from Woodcock-Johnson reading comprehension, Gray Oral Reading Test, Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test, Gates-MacGinitie reading comprehension, and Peabody print passage comprehension; Measure 6: composite derived from author and magazine recognition tests; Measure 7: composite derived from spelling words and nonwords. All other measures are non-composites.