Table 4.
Secondary analysis of the effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on serum adipokine concentrations among women who were adherent to the physical activity component of the intervention, N = 49
| Biomarker | Intervention arm | Baseline | Week 34 | Week 52 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | Geometric mean (95% CI) | ||
| Low-fat | 9.72 (8.11–11.65) | 9.55 (8.11–11.24) | 9.36 (7.61–11.52) | |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | Low-carbohydrate | 10.86 (8.90–13.24) | 10.66 (8.91–12.76) | 10.44 (8.31–13.13) |
| Overall | 10.27 (8.98–11.75) | 10.09 (8.94–11.39) | 9.89 (8.47–11.54) | |
| Leptin (ng/mL)a | Low-fat | 25.93 (20.38–32.98) | 17.07 (13.54–21.52) | 18.85 (14.13–25.16) |
| Low-carbohydrate | 31.56 (24.61–40.47) | 20.52 (15.80–26.64) | 20.87 (14.47–30.10) | |
| Overall | 28.61 (24.06–34.01) | 18.85 (15.30–15.30) | 19.83 (15.71–25.04) | |
| A/L ratiob | Low-fat | 0.40 (0.30–0.54) | 0.46 (0.36–0.59) | 0.54 (0.38–0.77) |
| Low-carbohydrate | 0.35 (0.26–0.49) | 0.44 (0.34–0.58) | 0.57 (0.38–0.85) | |
| Overall | 0.38 (0.30–0.47) | 0.45 (0.37–0.54) | 0.55 (0.42–0.72) |
NOTE: Mixed models with repeated measurements of natural log transformed serum adipokine concentrations were used. Overall estimates are averages across the two diets. Estimates for leptin assume a quadratic trend in time. All other estimates assume a linear trend in time. Data presented correspond to geometric means and 95% CIs. No difference in trend by diet was observed for any biomarker.
aBorderline significant quadratic trend was observed for serum leptin (P = 0.05); no difference observed between baseline and Week 52 serum leptin concentrations (P > 0.05).
bAverage trend in time across diets was significant (P = 0.02). Significant difference observed between baseline and Week 52 for the A/L ratio for low-carbohydrate diet (P = 0.05).