Abstract
The levels of the mRNAs encoding sodium channels I, II and III in various regions of the developing rat central nervous system (from embryonal day 10 to postnatal day 90) have been examined by blot hybridization analysis with specific probes. The three sodium channel mRNAs exhibit different temporal and regional expression patterns. The expression of sodium channel I mRNA rises after a lag phase to adult levels during the second and third postnatal weeks with stronger increases in caudal regions of the brain and in spinal cord. Sodium channel II mRNA increases steadily until the first postnatal week, keeping high adult levels in rostral regions of the brain or reaching low adult levels after the second postnatal week in most caudal regions of the brain and in spinal cord; cerebellum shows low levels during the first two postnatal weeks but high adult levels. In all regions, sodium channel III mRNA attains maximum levels around birth and decreases during the first and second postnatal weeks to reach variable low adult levels. These results suggest that sodium channel III is expressed predominantly at fetal and early postnatal stages and sodium channel I predominantly at late postnatal stages, whereas sodium channel II is expressed throughout the developmental stages studied with greater regional variability.
Full text
PDF





Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Altman J., Bayer S. A. Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine-radiographic study of the time of origin of neurons in the midbrain tegmentum. J Comp Neurol. 1981 Jun 1;198(4):677–716. doi: 10.1002/cne.901980409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Altman J., Bayer S. A. The development of the rat spinal cord. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 1984;85:1–164. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69537-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Angelides K. J., Elmer L. W., Loftus D., Elson E. Distribution and lateral mobility of voltage-dependent sodium channels in neurons. J Cell Biol. 1988 Jun;106(6):1911–1925. doi: 10.1083/jcb.106.6.1911. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Auld V. J., Goldin A. L., Krafte D. S., Marshall J., Dunn J. M., Catterall W. A., Lester H. A., Davidson N., Dunn R. J. A rat brain Na+ channel alpha subunit with novel gating properties. Neuron. 1988 Aug;1(6):449–461. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90176-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barres B. A., Chun L. L., Corey D. P. Glial and neuronal forms of the voltage-dependent sodium channel: characteristics and cell-type distribution. Neuron. 1989 Apr;2(4):1375–1388. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90076-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berwald-Netter Y., Martin-Moutot N., Koulakoff A., Couraud F. Na+-channel-associated scorpion toxin receptor sites as probes for neuronal evolution in vivo and in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):1245–1249. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.1245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boudier J. A., Berwald-Netter Y., Dellmann H. D., Boudier J. L., Couraud F., Koulakoff A., Cau P. Ultrastructural visualization of Na+-channel associated [125I]alpha-scorpion toxin binding sites on fetal mouse nerve cells in culture. Brain Res. 1985 May;352(1):137–142. doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(85)90097-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Couraud F., Martin-Moutot N., Koulakoff A., Berwald-Netter Y. Neurotoxin-sensitive sodium channels in neurons developing in vivo and in vitro. J Neurosci. 1986 Jan;6(1):192–198. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-01-00192.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cowan W. M., Fawcett J. W., O'Leary D. D., Stanfield B. B. Regressive events in neurogenesis. Science. 1984 Sep 21;225(4668):1258–1265. doi: 10.1126/science.6474175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gordon D., Merrick D., Auld V., Dunn R., Goldin A. L., Davidson N., Catterall W. A. Tissue-specific expression of the RI and RII sodium channel subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8682–8686. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8682. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gruol D. L., Franklin C. L. Morphological and physiological differentiation of Purkinje neurons in cultures of rat cerebellum. J Neurosci. 1987 May;7(5):1271–1293. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-05-01271.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gähwiler B. H., Llano I. Sodium and potassium conductances in somatic membranes of rat Purkinje cells from organotypic cerebellar cultures. J Physiol. 1989 Oct;417:105–122. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017793. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holmes E., Hermanson G., Cole R., de Vellis J. Developmental expression of glial-specific mRNAs in primary cultures of rat brain visualized by in situ hybridization. J Neurosci Res. 1988 Apr;19(4):389-96, 458-65. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490190402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huguenard J. R., Hamill O. P., Prince D. A. Developmental changes in Na+ conductances in rat neocortical neurons: appearance of a slowly inactivating component. J Neurophysiol. 1988 Mar;59(3):778–795. doi: 10.1152/jn.1988.59.3.778. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kayano T., Noda M., Flockerzi V., Takahashi H., Numa S. Primary structure of rat brain sodium channel III deduced from the cDNA sequence. FEBS Lett. 1988 Feb 8;228(1):187–194. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80614-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koulakoff A., Bizzini B., Berwald-Netter Y. A correlation between the appearance and the evolution of tetanus toxin binding cells and neurogenesis. Brain Res. 1982 Oct;281(2):139–147. doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(82)90152-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Llinás R. R. The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: insights into central nervous system function. Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1654–1664. doi: 10.1126/science.3059497. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lombet A., Kazazoglou T., Delpont E., Renaud J. F., Lazdunski M. Ontogenic appearance of Na+ channels characterized as high affinity binding sites for tetrodotoxin during development of the rat nervous and skeletal muscle systems. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Feb 10;110(3):894–901. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91046-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martin-Moutot N., Cau P., Berwald-Netter Y., Couraud F. Early appearance of cells bearing Na+ channels in developing mouse brain. A quantitative analysis using light microscopic autoradiography. Brain Res. 1987 Mar;429(1):43–51. doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(87)90136-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mourre C., Cervera P., Lazdunski M. Autoradiographic analysis in rat brain of the postnatal ontogeny of voltage-dependent Na+ channels, Ca2+-dependent K+ channels and slow Ca2+ channels identified as receptors for tetrodotoxin, apamin and (-)-desmethoxyverapamil. Brain Res. 1987 Aug 4;417(1):21–32. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90175-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Noda M., Ikeda T., Kayano T., Suzuki H., Takeshima H., Kurasaki M., Takahashi H., Numa S. Existence of distinct sodium channel messenger RNAs in rat brain. Nature. 1986 Mar 13;320(6058):188–192. doi: 10.1038/320188a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Noda M., Ikeda T., Suzuki H., Takeshima H., Takahashi T., Kuno M., Numa S. Expression of functional sodium channels from cloned cDNA. 1986 Aug 28-Sep 3Nature. 322(6082):826–828. doi: 10.1038/322826a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nowak L., Ascher P., Berwald-Netter Y. Ionic channels in mouse astrocytes in culture. J Neurosci. 1987 Jan;7(1):101–109. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-01-00101.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmidt J., Rossie S., Catterall W. A. A large intracellular pool of inactive Na channel alpha subunits in developing rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4847–4851. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.14.4847. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stühmer W., Conti F., Suzuki H., Wang X. D., Noda M., Yahagi N., Kubo H., Numa S. Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel. Nature. 1989 Jun 22;339(6226):597–603. doi: 10.1038/339597a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stühmer W., Methfessel C., Sakmann B., Noda M., Numa S. Patch clamp characterization of sodium channels expressed from rat brain cDNA. Eur Biophys J. 1987;14(3):131–138. doi: 10.1007/BF00253837. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Suzuki H., Beckh S., Kubo H., Yahagi N., Ishida H., Kayano T., Noda M., Numa S. Functional expression of cloned cDNA encoding sodium channel III. FEBS Lett. 1988 Feb 8;228(1):195–200. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80615-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wollner D. A., Scheinman R., Catterall W. A. Sodium channel expression and assembly during development of retinal ganglion cells. Neuron. 1988 Oct;1(8):727–737. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90171-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zeller N. K., Hunkeler M. J., Campagnoni A. T., Sprague J., Lazzarini R. A. Characterization of mouse myelin basic protein messenger RNAs with a myelin basic protein cDNA clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):18–22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.1.18. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]


