Table 1.
Univariable and Multivariable Analyses of Moderate-Severe PEP
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Mild (%) N=39 |
Moderate-Severe (%) N=134 |
P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
| Patient Variables | ||||||
| Mean (SD) age*, yrs | 46.4 (13.4) | 47.2 (15.7) | 0.7592 | |||
| Female | 27 (69.2) | 107 (79.8) | 0.1921 | |||
| Suspected SOD | 15 (38.5) | 49 (36.6) | 0.8520 | |||
| Alcohol-use status | 0.1224 | |||||
| Never drinker | 20 (51.3) | 50 (37.3) | Reference | |||
| Current drinker | 10 (25.6) | 58 (43.3) | ‡ 0.0620 | 1.68 | 0.97-2.93 | 0.0653 |
| Former drinker | 9 (23.1) | 26 (19.4) | 0.6525 | |||
| Cigarette-smoking status | 0.5268 | |||||
| Never smoking | 27 (69.2) | 82 (61.2) | Reference | |||
| Current smoking | 5 (12.8) | 16 (11.9) | 1.0000 | |||
| Former smoking | 7 (18.0) | 36 (26.9) | 0.2986 | |||
| Median (IQR) Charlson Score** | 1 (0-2) | 0 (0-2) | 0.3012 | |||
| Cardiovascular disease (any of 8 variables) | 2 (5.1) | 15 (11.2) | 0.3667 | |||
| Cerebral vascular accident | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 | |||
| Transient ischemic attack | 0 (0) | 3 (2.2) | 1.0000 | |||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 2 (5.1) | 10 (7.5) | 1.0000 | |||
| Angina | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0.2254 | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 0 (0) | 5 (3.7) | 0.5889 | |||
| Claudication | 0 (0) | 2 (1.5) | 1.0000 | |||
| Cardiovascular stent/angioplasty | 1 (2.6) | 1 (0.8) | 0.4011 | |||
| Coronary bypass surgery | 0 (0) | 5 (3.7) | 0.5889 | |||
| Hypertension | 7 (18.0) | 30 (22.4) | 0.6603 | |||
| Mean (SD) body mass (kg)* | 80.6 (21.2) | 76.3 (19.8) | 0.2683 | |||
| Aspirin use | 1 (2.6) | 15 (11.2) | 0.1249 | |||
| NSAIDs | 3 (7.7) | 7 (5.2) | 0.6959 | |||
| Procedural Variables | ||||||
| ≥ 2 pancreatic injections | 0 (0.0) | 10 (7.5) | 0.1192 | |||
| Pancreatic sphincterotomy | 11 (28.2) | 25 (18.7) | 0.2613 | |||
| Moderate/difficult cannulation | 10 (25.6) | 43 (32.1) | 0.5547 | |||
| Pancreatic stent placement | 14 (35.9) | 41 (30.6) | 0.5609 | |||
| Mean (SD) periprocedural fluid volume (L)* | 0.94 (0.27) | 0.81 (0.36) | ‡ 0.0129 | 0.20 | 0.05-0.83 | 0.0272 |
| ERCP duration (per additional minute) | 46.1 (21.3) | 53.0 (23.9) | ‡ 0.0904 | 1.02 | 1.00-1.03 | 0.0962 |
Statistics:
*
t-test,
**
Wilcoxon rank sum test, otherwise Fisher’s exact test.
‡
Three variables with P<0.1 were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.
CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; L, liter; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio; PEP, post-ERCP pancreatitis; SD, standard deviation; SOD, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.