Table 1.
A summarized overview of some microbial enzymes with special characteristics of industrial importance.
| Enzyme | Properties | Producer Microbes- | Applications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PROTEASE (Proteolytic activity) | Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline, Thermophilic, Active in presence of inhibitory compounds |
Bacilli; Pseudomonas; Clostridium; Rhizopus; Penicillium; Aspergillus |
Washing Powders; Detergents; Tannery; Food Industry; Leather processing; Pharmaceuticals; Molecular Biology; Peptide synthesis | [1,3,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,34] |
| KERATINASE (Keratin-hydrolysing activity) | Specific Proteolytic Activity for Insoluble & Fibrous Proteins in furs, feathers, wool, hair; Thermophilic; Alkalophilic; Oxidation-Resistant | Bacteria; Actinomycetes; Fungi | Animal Feed Production; Textile Processing; Detergent Formulation; Leather Manufacturing; Medicine | [1,20,21,22,23,24,25,34] |
| AMYLASE (Starch-hydrolyzing activity) | Thermotolerant, Thermostable, Alkali-resistant-Exo-, endo-, de-branching, cyclodextrin-producing enzymes | Bacillus sp.; Geobacillus | Starch industry (for liquefaction); Paper, Food industry (Glucose & Maltose syrups, High Fructose Corn syrups, clarified fruit-juices); Pharmaceutical industries (Digestive aid); Brewing Industry (Starch-processing); Textile industry (Warp-sizing of fibers); Baking industry (delayed staling) | [1,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34] |
| XYLANASE (Xylan–Pentose polymer hydrolyzing activity) | Extremophilic characteristics–Alkalophilic, Thermophilic & Thermostable | Thermoactinomyces thalophilus; Bacillus sp.; Humicola insolens. Bispora (acidophilic fungus) | Pentose production - Bioconversion of hemicellulose for fuel & Chemicals; Fruit-juice clarification; Improving rumen digestion; Paper industry- selective removals of xylans from kraft-pulp; Brewing industry | [1,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46] |
| LIGNINASE (Ligninolytic-Complex-enzyme) | Oxidative properties in Lignin peroxidase, Manganese peroxidase & Laccase; Thermophilic | Basidiomycetes strains—Steccherinum ochraceum, Polyporus versicolor, Panus tigrinus | Denim washing; Bio-sensors; Bio-bleaching of Kraft-pulp; Bioremediation; Pollution-control; Treatment of recalcitrant chemicals in Textile and Industrial effluents | [1,34,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65] |
| CELLULASE (Cellulolytic-complex enzyme) | Saccahrification of crystalline & amorphous cellulose; Thermophilic; Thermostable | Basidiomycetes strains Polyporus sp.; Pleurotus sp.; Trichoderma sp.; Aspergillus sp. | Glucose feedstock from cellulose; Bio-refinery; Bio-ethanol; Paper-pulp industry | [1,34,66,67,68,69,70] |
| LIPASE (Lipolytic activity) | Fat- splitting; Stereoselectivity; Racemic-Resolution activity; Solvents-resistant; Thermotolerant | Yeasts and Fungal strains-Candida sp., Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus, Mucor | Detergents; Dairy Industry-oils, fats, Butter, Cream, Fat-Spreads; Feed supplement; Therapeutic agent | [1,34,71,72,73,74,75] |