Table 2.
Summary of Clinical Benefits of NIR spectroscopy employment.
| First author, year | Benefit to technology | Group with no significant findings | Subgroup with significant findings | Benefits seen | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First attempt success | Mean number of attempts | Time of procedure | Less Pain | Overall success | Nurses felt the device was helpful in difficult patients | ||||
| Hess [70] (2010) | Benefit | N/A | All patients young | X | X | X | |||
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| Strehle [1] (2010) | N/A | Used only to identify veins | |||||||
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| Cuper et al. [71] (2011) | Benefit | N/A | All patients young | X | X | ||||
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| Chapman et al. [72] (2011) | Benefit | All patients | 0–2 years | X | X | ||||
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| Perry et al. [73] (2011) | No benefit | All patients | None | X | |||||
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| Cuper et al. [74] (2012) | No benefit | All patients | None | ||||||
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| Kaddoum et al. [68] (2012) | No benefit | All patients | None | ||||||
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| Kim et al. [75] (2012) | Benefit | All patients | Difficult vein DIVA score >4 | X | |||||
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| Peterson et al. [76] (2012) | No benefit | All patients | No subgroup analyses | ||||||
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| Phipps et al. [66] (2012) | Benefit | All patients very young | Groups matched for gestational age | X | |||||
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| Cuper et al. [77] (2013) | No Benefit | All patients | No improvement with subgroup analysis | ||||||
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| de Graaff et al. [3] (2013) | No Benefit | All patients | No improvement with subgroup analysis | ||||||
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| Sun et al. [78] 2013 | Benefit | All patients | No subgroup analyses | X | X | ||||
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| van der Woude et al. [79] (2013) | No Benefit | All patients | Children considered to have “difficult” veins | X | |||||
Benefit to technology is listed as in Table 1. Overall analyses are described in Group with no significant findings. Results of subgroup analyses are presented in Subgroup with significant findings. Benefits Seen describes the benefits measured in the study. N/A signifies no analysis performed.