Figure 8. qRT-PCR analysis of C. jejuni ∆ppx mutants for genes involved in poly-P and ppGpp homeostasis. Fold difference in transcript levels was assessed by ^∆∆CT method. The expression of target genes was normalized to the 16s-rRNA expression levels from the same strain and then the relative expression of target genes were determined by comparing to expression in wild type strain. Each bar represents the mean ± SE of the relative fold change in expression from 4 independent experiments performed in duplicates each time. *P ≤ 0.05.