Fig. 4.

Effects of probiotics on DC-induced CD25 expression by T cells.

T cells and subsets in the MLR culture were distinguished by staining with anti-CD3, CC4 and CD8. Data are mean ± SE for n = 8 samples from each group. Data were normalised by the Johnson Transformation. There was a significant effect of ageing (P < 0.01) on CD25 expression and of treatment (P < 0.05) on CD25 expression by both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ young T cells (two-way ANOVA). Significant differences are denoted as ^NP < 0.05 relative to the no-DC controls for T cells within the same age group; ^DP < 0.05 relative to DC-exposed T cells (without LPS/probiotics) within the same age group; ^GP < 0.05 relative to L.GG for the same age group of DCs within the same age group of T cells; ^TP < 0.05 relative to older T cell with the same treatment. Significant age-differences of DCs are donated as * P < 0.01 for the same treatment within the same age group of T cells (post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction).