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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1995 Oct 24;92(22):9914–9920. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.22.9914

Scientific bases of human-machine communication by voice.

R W Schafer 1
PMCID: PMC40711  PMID: 7479802

Abstract

The scientific bases for human-machine communication by voice are in the fields of psychology, linguistics, acoustics, signal processing, computer science, and integrated circuit technology. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the basic scientific and technological issues in human-machine communication by voice and to point out areas of future research opportunity. The discussion is organized around the following major issues in implementing human-machine voice communication systems: (i) hardware/software implementation of the system, (ii) speech synthesis for voice output, (iii) speech recognition and understanding for voice input, and (iv) usability factors related to how humans interact with machines.

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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