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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2014 May 14;0:172–182. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.036

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Inhibition of GAG sulfation prevents sNS1 association and restores TLR3 signaling. HeLa cells were incubated for 24h in either DMEM or sulfate-free medium (SF) in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of sodium chlorate before addition of sNS1-containing or control supernatant under the same conditions. (A) Permeabilized cells were analyzed for sNS1 association by flow cytometry. The initial gate was set on live cells using FSC vs SSC. Cells not incubated with sNS1 served to set the gate shown. (B) Loss of sNS1-cell interaction restores TLR3 signaling. IL-6 was measured from HeLa cells treated as described in A and stimulated with 20μg/mL pIC for 8h. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences between 293T-Ctrl and 293T-NS1 pretreated pIC-stimulated cells.