TABLE 1 .
] Subject Characteristics
| Characteristic | HF Without CSA | HF With CSA | P Value |
| Subjects, No. | 21 | 25 | … |
| Demographics | |||
| Male sex | 12 (57) | 22 (88) | .02 |
| Age, y | 59.3 ± 9.9 | 68.5 ± 8.1 | .001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7 ± 3.5 | 29.0 ± 5.5 | .32 |
| Heart failure class | |||
| NYHA I-II | 7 (33) | 4 (16) | .17 |
| NYHA III-IV | 14 (66) | 21 (84) | … |
| Ischemic | 10 (48) | 13 (52) | .77 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (5) | 5 (20) | .20 |
| BNP concentration, pg/mL | 345.7 ± 433.6 | 1,184.0 ± 1,588.4 | .02 |
| Medications | |||
| β-Blocker | 18 (86) | 22 (88) | .82 |
| ACE/ARB | 21 (100) | 24 (96) | 1.00 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 5 (24) | 8 (32) | .54 |
| Diuretics | 14 (67) | 19 (76) | .48 |
| Digitalis | 14 (67) | 15 (60) | .64 |
| Nitrates | 1 (5) | 1 (4) | 1.0 |
| Sleep parameters | |||
| AHI, events/h | 4.7 ± 4.2 | 37.9 ± 15.5 | < .001 |
| Mean Sao2, % | 93.6 ± 3.6 | 92.2 ± 2.6 | .01 |
| T90% | 1.3 ± 2.2 | 18.2 ± 19.4 | < .001 |
Data given as mean ± SD or No. (%) unless otherwise specified. ACE/ARB = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker; AHI = apnea-hyponea index; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; CSA = central sleep apnea; HF = heart failure; NYHA = New York Heart Association; Sao2 = oxygen saturation of arterial blood hemoglobin; T90% = time with arterial oxygen saturation < 90%.