Figure 5A: PMI 5011 compounds do not prevent the accumulation of ceramides in presence of excesss lipids. Rat skeletal muscle cells were treated with 250uM palmitic acid with or without 10 μg/ml of whole PMI 5011 or each of the isolated compounds for 24 hours. Separate wells were treated with 20uM PDMP the inhibitor of GCS. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) showed that therewas no statistically significant difference in total ceramide levels between FFA only treated cells and those treated with FFA together with any of the five compounds (P=ns vs FFA only treatment). In absence of FFAs, the PMI 5011 compounds and PDMP did not significantly change ceramide levels
Figure 5B: PMI 5011 compounds reduce the accumulation of glucosylceramides in presence of excesss lipids.. PMI 5011 and DMC 2 (compounds D, and E resulted in statistically lower amounts of glucosylceramides as compared to the FFA only treated cells. *P < 0.05 vs. FFA only treatment.
Figure 5C: Glucosylceramide profile. Glucosylceramide C24:1 and C24 were the most predominant species. C18 was the lowest and was below detectable limits in some treatments. *P < 0.05 vs. FFA only treatment. A) davidigenin) (B) sakuranetin (C) DMC-1 and (D) DMC-2 and E synthetic DMC-2.