Figure 3.

Cognitive functions in low/high cocaine increasers and decreasers with ongoing/ceased cocaine use within 1 year. Z-scores and SE for the cognitive domains (corrected for ADHD). Z-score transformation was based on control group mean and SD at baseline. Follow-up values were adjusted for the test–retest effect. Change in cognitive test performance from the baseline (t1) to the 1-year follow-up (t2): Sidak posthoc tests (*p<0.05). GCI: increaser_low p=0.61, d=−0.14, increaser_high p=0.41, d=−0.30, decreaser_ongoing p=0.82, d=0.06, decreaser_ceasing p<0.05, d=0.93. Attention: increaser_low p=0.41, d=0.29, increaser_high p=0.23, d=−0.46, decreaser_ongoing p=0.74, d=−0.08, decreaser_ceasing p<0.05, d=1.10. Working memory: increaser_low p<0.05, d=−0.60, increaser_high p=0.52, d=−0.42, decreaser_ongoing p=0.58, d=0.20, decreaser_ceasing p=0.42, d=0.22. Declarative memory: increaser_low p=0.90, d=−0.04, increaser_high p=0.30, d=−0.29, decreaser_ongoing p=0.99, d=−0.01, decreaser_ceasing p<0.50, d=0.65. Executive functions: increaser_low p=0.70, d=0.09, increaser_high p=0.54, d=0.46, decreaser_ongoing p=0.63, d=0.12, decreaser_ceasing p=0.68, d=0.17.