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. 2014 Jul 9;6(7):2552–2571. doi: 10.3390/nu6072552

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The effects of LOP and choline on intracellular ROS formation. C3A cells were cultured in MEME with or without LOP, choline (5, 35, 70 μM) and NAC (10 mM) treatment for 72 h. The production of intracellular ROS was determined by using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as a fluorescent probe through a spectrofluorometer. CH, choline; LOP, lactate (10 mM), octanoate (2 mM) and pyruvate (1 mM). Values represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicate. * p < 0.05 vs. control. # p < 0.05 vs. LOP.