Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1979 Sep;76(9):4303–4307. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4303

Promoter mutations in the transfer RNA gene tyrT of Escherichia coli.

M L Berman, A Landy
PMCID: PMC411562  PMID: 116232

Abstract

The DNA sequences for nine independent promoter mutants of a tyrosine tRNA gene, tyrT of Escherichia coli, are reported. The nine mutations involve six transitions, two transversions, and one deletion. They are located at four different sites in the first 30 base pairs preceding the start point of transcription. The changes found are: a T.A to A.T transversion at position -8 (two mutants); a T.A to C.G transition at position -8 (three mutants); a T.A to C.G transition at position -13 (two mutants); a T.A to C.G transition at position -16 (one mutant); and a deletion of a G.C base pair at position -26/27 (one mutant). Four of the five different mutant tyrT promoters have alterations at positions that might have been expected from DNA sequence studies with other prokaryote promoters. One of these mutants (a G.C deletion at position -26/27) occurs in a stretch of eight consecutive G.C base pairs which may be characteristic of stable RNA promoters.

Full text

PDF
4303

Images in this article

4305Image
on p.4305
4306Image
on p.4306

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bachmann B. J., Low K. B., Taylor A. L. Recalibrated linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12. Bacteriol Rev. 1976 Mar;40(1):116–167. doi: 10.1128/br.40.1.116-167.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Berman M. L., Beckwith J. Fusions of the lac operon to the transfer RNA gene tyrT of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1979 May 25;130(3):285–301. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90542-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Berman M. L., Beckwith J. Use of gene fusions to isolate promoter mutants in the transfer RNA gene tyrT of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1979 May 25;130(3):303–315. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90543-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Casadaban M. J. Transposition and fusion of the lac genes to selected promoters in Escherichia coli using bacteriophage lambda and Mu. J Mol Biol. 1976 Jul 5;104(3):541–555. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90119-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cashel M. Regulation of bacterial ppGpp and pppGpp. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1975;29:301–318. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.001505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Egan J., Landy A. Structural analysis of the tRNA1Tyr gene of Escherichia coli. A 178 base pair sequence that is repeated 3.14 times. J Biol Chem. 1978 May 25;253(10):3607–3622. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Johnsrud L. Contacts between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and a lac operon promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Nov;75(11):5314–5318. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.11.5314. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Khorana H. G., Agarwal K. L., Besmer P., Büchi H., Caruthers M. H., Cashion P. J., Fridkin M., Jay E., Kleppe K., Kleppe R. Total synthesis of the structural gene for the precursor of a tyrosine suppressor transfer RNA from Escherichia coli. 1. General introduction. J Biol Chem. 1976 Feb 10;251(3):565–570. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Khorana H. G. Total synthesis of a gene. Science. 1979 Feb 16;203(4381):614–625. doi: 10.1126/science.366749. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kleid D., Humayun Z., Jeffrey A., Ptashne M. Novel properties of a restriction endonuclease isolated from Haemophilus parahaemolyticus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Feb;73(2):293–297. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.2.293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Landy A., Ruedisueli E., Robinson L., Foeller C., Ross W. Digestion of deoxyribonucleic acids from bacteriophage T7, lambda, and phi 80h with site-specific nucleases from Hemophilus influenzae strain Rc and strain Rd. Biochemistry. 1974 May 7;13(10):2134–2142. doi: 10.1021/bi00707a022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Leung D. W., Lui A. C., Merilees H., McBride B. C., Smith M. A restriction enzyme from Fusobacterium nucleatum 4H which recognizes GCNGC. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Jan;6(1):17–25. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.1.17. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. McConnell D. J., Searcy D. G., Sutcliffe J. G. A restriction enzyme Tha I from the thermophilic mycoplasma Thermoplasma acidophilum. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Jun;5(6):1729–1739. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.6.1729. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Miozzari G., Yanofsky C. Naturally occurring promoter down mutation: nucleotide sequence of the trp promoter/operator/leader region of Shigella dysenteriae 16. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Nov;75(11):5580–5584. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.11.5580. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Musso R. E., Di Lauro R., Adhya S., de Crombrugghe B. Dual control for transcription of the galactose operon by cyclic AMP and its receptor protein at two interspersed promoters. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):847–854. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90283-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Otsuka A., Abelson J. The regulatory region of the biotin operon in Escherichia coli. Nature. 1978 Dec 14;276(5689):689–694. doi: 10.1038/276689a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Post L. E., Arfsten A. E., Nomura M., Jaskunas S. R. Isolation and characterization of a promoter mutant in the str ribosomal protein operon in E. coli. Cell. 1978 Sep;15(1):231–236. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90097-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Pribnow D. Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site at an early T7 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):784–788. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.784. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Rossi J. J., Ross W., Egan J., Lipman D. J., Landy A. Structural organization of Escherichia coli tRNAtyr gene clusters in four different transducing bacteriophages. J Mol Biol. 1979 Feb 15;128(1):21–47. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90307-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Russell R. L., Abelson J. N., Landy A., Gefter M. L., Brenner S., Smith J. D. Duplicate genes for tyrosine transfer RNA in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1970 Jan 14;47(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90397-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sato S., Hutchinson C. A., 3rd, Harris J. I. A thermostable sequence-specific endonuclease from Thermus aquaticus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):542–546. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schaller H., Gray C., Herrmann K. Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site from the DNA of bacteriophage fd. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Feb;72(2):737–741. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.2.737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Scherer G. E., Walkinshaw M. D., Arnott S. A computer aided oligonucleotide analysis provides a model sequence for RNA polymerase-promoter recognition in E.coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Oct;5(10):3759–3773. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.10.3759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Seeburg P. H., Nüsslein C., Schaller H. Interaction of RNA polymerase with promoters from bacteriophage fd. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Mar 15;74(1):107–113. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11372.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sekiya T., Gait M. J., Noris K., Ramamoorthy B., Khorana H. G. The nucleotide sequence in the promoter region of the gene for an Escherichia coli tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1976 Aug 10;251(15):4481–4489. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sekiya T., Khorana H. G. Nucleotide sequence in the promoter region of the Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Aug;71(8):2978–2982. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.2978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Tu C. D., Roychoudhury R., Wu R. Nucleotide recognition sequence at the cleavage site of Haemophilus aegyptius II (Hae II) restriction endonuclease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Sep 7;72(1):355–362. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)91001-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Young R. A., Steitz J. A. Tandem promoters direct E. coli ribosomal RNA synthesis. Cell. 1979 May;17(1):225–234. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90310-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. de Boer H. A., Gilbert S. F., Nomura M. DNA sequences of promoter regions for rRNA operons rrnE and rrnA in E. coli. Cell. 1979 May;17(1):201–209. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90308-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES