Fig. 2. PG16 protected SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice from infection with HIV_JR-CSF in three independent challenge studies.

(A) HIV RNA was reduced to <10^2.0 copies per 10⁶ implant cells in mice treated i.p. with 1.5–150 µg PG16 (blue arrows) three times per week beginning the day before inoculation and continuing until implant collection at 42 days. Similar reductions in HIV RNA were observed in mice treated i.p. with 30 mg/kg 3TC once daily beginning the day before inoculation until implant collection. (B) HIV RNA was reduced to a mean of 10^3.0 copies per 10⁶ cells in mice treated with a single administration of 5 µg PG16 the day before inoculation, which was a greater reduction than observed in mice treated by oral gavage with a single administration of high doses of Truvada (200 mg/kg TDF plus 130 mg/kg FTC or 2,000 mg/kg TDF plus 1,300 mg/kg FTC). (C) Statistically significant reductions in HIV RNA occurred in mice treated with a single administration of 5 µg PG16 at 1, 7, and 14 days before inoculation. The columns represent means, and the open circles represent individual mice. **

P<0.01 and *P<0.05 compared to untreated HIV-infected mice by the Mann-Whitney U test. The dotted line indicates the HIV RNA detection limit. (10^1.5 copies per 10⁶ implant cells).