Signaling pathways that regulate Müller glial-derived regeneration of retinal neurons. Signaling pathways implicated in Müller glial response to retinal injury and retinal regeneration based on the present work and published studies (Bernardos et al., 2005; Ikeda and Puro, 1995; Inbal et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2011; Meyers et al., 2012; Nelson et al., 2012, 2013; Ramachandran et al., 2010; Robel et al., 2011; Thummel et al., 2010; Wan et al., 2012). Regeneration requires a dynamically balanced regulation of signals and transcriptional regulators promoting proliferation and differentiation, as well as cell fate choices between a glial fate (gliosis) and a neuronal fate (neurogenesis). See text for details.