Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7525–7529. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7525

A family of Ran binding proteins that includes nucleoporins.

C Dingwall 1, S Kandels-Lewis 1, B Séraphin 1
PMCID: PMC41372  PMID: 7638224

Abstract

Ran, a small nuclear GTP binding protein, is essential for the translocation of nuclear proteins through the nuclear pore complex. We show that several proteins, including the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nup2p and Caenorhabditis elegans F59A2.1 nucleoporins, contain domains similar to the previously characterized murine Ran binding protein (RBP, termed RBP1). To test the significance of this similarity, we have used the corresponding domains of Nup2p and a putative S. cerevisiae RBP in Ran binding assays and the yeast two-hybrid system. Both proteins bind S. cerevisiae Ran, but only the putative S. cerevisiae RBP binds human Ran. Two-hybrid analysis revealed Ran-Ran interactions and that yeast and human Rans can interact. These data identify Nup2p as a target for Ran in the nuclear pore complex, suggesting a direct role for it in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport. We discuss the possibility that proteins harboring Ran binding domains link the Ran GTPase cycle to specific functions in the nucleus.

Full text

PDF
7525

Images in this article

7526Fig. 1
on p.7526
7527Fig. 2
on p.7527
7527Fig. 3
on p.7527
7528Fig. 4
on p.7528

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adachi Y., Laemmli U. K. Identification of nuclear pre-replication centers poised for DNA synthesis in Xenopus egg extracts: immunolocalization study of replication protein A. J Cell Biol. 1992 Oct;119(1):1–15. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Adam E. J., Adam S. A. Identification of cytosolic factors required for nuclear location sequence-mediated binding to the nuclear envelope. J Cell Biol. 1994 May;125(3):547–555. doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.3.547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Belanger K. D., Kenna M. A., Wei S., Davis L. I. Genetic and physical interactions between Srp1p and nuclear pore complex proteins Nup1p and Nup2p. J Cell Biol. 1994 Aug;126(3):619–630. doi: 10.1083/jcb.126.3.619. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Belhumeur P., Lee A., Tam R., DiPaolo T., Fortin N., Clark M. W. GSP1 and GSP2, genetic suppressors of the prp20-1 mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: GTP-binding proteins involved in the maintenance of nuclear organization. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;13(4):2152–2161. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.4.2152. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bischoff F. R., Klebe C., Kretschmer J., Wittinghofer A., Ponstingl H. RanGAP1 induces GTPase activity of nuclear Ras-related Ran. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Mar 29;91(7):2587–2591. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.7.2587. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bischoff F. R., Krebber H., Smirnova E., Dong W., Ponstingl H. Co-activation of RanGTPase and inhibition of GTP dissociation by Ran-GTP binding protein RanBP1. EMBO J. 1995 Feb 15;14(4):705–715. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07049.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bischoff F. R., Ponstingl H. Catalysis of guanine nucleotide exchange on Ran by the mitotic regulator RCC1. Nature. 1991 Nov 7;354(6348):80–82. doi: 10.1038/354080a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Coutavas E., Ren M., Oppenheim J. D., D'Eustachio P., Rush M. G. Characterization of proteins that interact with the cell-cycle regulatory protein Ran/TC4. Nature. 1993 Dec 9;366(6455):585–587. doi: 10.1038/366585a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dasso M. RCC1 in the cell cycle: the regulator of chromosome condensation takes on new roles. Trends Biochem Sci. 1993 Mar;18(3):96–101. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(93)90161-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387–395. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.1part1.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fields S., Song O. A novel genetic system to detect protein-protein interactions. Nature. 1989 Jul 20;340(6230):245–246. doi: 10.1038/340245a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gribskov M., McLachlan A. D., Eisenberg D. Profile analysis: detection of distantly related proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(13):4355–4358. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.13.4355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gyuris J., Golemis E., Chertkov H., Brent R. Cdi1, a human G1 and S phase protein phosphatase that associates with Cdk2. Cell. 1993 Nov 19;75(4):791–803. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90498-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Görlich D., Prehn S., Laskey R. A., Hartmann E. Isolation of a protein that is essential for the first step of nuclear protein import. Cell. 1994 Dec 2;79(5):767–778. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90067-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hagemeier C., Caswell R., Hayhurst G., Sinclair J., Kouzarides T. Functional interaction between the HCMV IE2 transactivator and the retinoblastoma protein. EMBO J. 1994 Jun 15;13(12):2897–2903. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06584.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hattori M., Tsukamoto N., Nur-e-Kamal M. S., Rubinfeld B., Iwai K., Kubota H., Maruta H., Minato N. Molecular cloning of a novel mitogen-inducible nuclear protein with a Ran GTPase-activating domain that affects cell cycle progression. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jan;15(1):552–560. doi: 10.1128/mcb.15.1.552. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kandels-Lewis S., Séraphin B. Involvement of U6 snRNA in 5' splice site selection. Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):2035–2039. doi: 10.1126/science.8266100. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Klebe C., Bischoff F. R., Ponstingl H., Wittinghofer A. Interaction of the nuclear GTP-binding protein Ran with its regulatory proteins RCC1 and RanGAP1. Biochemistry. 1995 Jan 17;34(2):639–647. doi: 10.1021/bi00002a031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kopp M., Müller H., Holzer H. Molecular analysis of the neutral trehalase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 5;268(7):4766–4774. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Loeb J. D., Davis L. I., Fink G. R. NUP2, a novel yeast nucleoporin, has functional overlap with other proteins of the nuclear pore complex. Mol Biol Cell. 1993 Feb;4(2):209–222. doi: 10.1091/mbc.4.2.209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lounsbury K. M., Beddow A. L., Macara I. G. A family of proteins that stabilize the Ran/TC4 GTPase in its GTP-bound conformation. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 15;269(15):11285–11290. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Melchior F., Paschal B., Evans J., Gerace L. Inhibition of nuclear protein import by nonhydrolyzable analogues of GTP and identification of the small GTPase Ran/TC4 as an essential transport factor. J Cell Biol. 1993 Dec;123(6 Pt 2):1649–1659. doi: 10.1083/jcb.123.6.1649. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Moore M. S., Blobel G. Purification of a Ran-interacting protein that is required for protein import into the nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):10212–10216. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Moore M. S., Blobel G. The GTP-binding protein Ran/TC4 is required for protein import into the nucleus. Nature. 1993 Oct 14;365(6447):661–663. doi: 10.1038/365661a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Moore M. S., Blobel G. The two steps of nuclear import, targeting to the nuclear envelope and translocation through the nuclear pore, require different cytosolic factors. Cell. 1992 Jun 12;69(6):939–950. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90613-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Newmeyer D. D., Forbes D. J. Nuclear import can be separated into distinct steps in vitro: nuclear pore binding and translocation. Cell. 1988 Mar 11;52(5):641–653. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90402-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Richardson W. D., Mills A. D., Dilworth S. M., Laskey R. A., Dingwall C. Nuclear protein migration involves two steps: rapid binding at the nuclear envelope followed by slower translocation through nuclear pores. Cell. 1988 Mar 11;52(5):655–664. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90403-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rout M. P., Wente S. R. Pores for thought: nuclear pore complex proteins. Trends Cell Biol. 1994 Oct;4(10):357–365. doi: 10.1016/0962-8924(94)90085-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Spector D. L. Macromolecular domains within the cell nucleus. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1993;9:265–315. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.09.110193.001405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Sukegawa J., Blobel G. A nuclear pore complex protein that contains zinc finger motifs, binds DNA, and faces the nucleoplasm. Cell. 1993 Jan 15;72(1):29–38. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90047-t. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Tartakoff A. M., Schneiter R. The nuclear GTPase cycle: promoting peripheralization? Trends Cell Biol. 1995 Jan;5(1):5–8. doi: 10.1016/s0962-8924(00)88925-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673–4680. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Vojtek A. B., Hollenberg S. M., Cooper J. A. Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Cell. 1993 Jul 16;74(1):205–214. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90307-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Yano R., Oakes M., Yamaghishi M., Dodd J. A., Nomura M. Cloning and characterization of SRP1, a suppressor of temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase I mutations, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Dec;12(12):5640–5651. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.12.5640. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Zerial M., Stenmark H. Rab GTPases in vesicular transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1993 Aug;5(4):613–620. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(93)90130-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES