Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1979 May;24(2):302–307. doi: 10.1128/iai.24.2.302-307.1979

Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system of mice by muramyl dipeptide.

A Tanaka, S Nagao, R Nagao, S Kotani, T Shiba, S Kusumoto
PMCID: PMC414301  PMID: 457275

Abstract

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a part of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, was active as adjuvant and stimulated the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of mice to increase its phagocytic function. A series of analogs of MDP was tested for their adjuvant activity and RES-stimulating activity. Sex differences were observed in the adjuvant activity and RES-stimulating capacity of some MDP analogs. A stereochemically highly specific structure required for MDP to exert adjuvant activity was also required for its RES-stimulating activity. Based on this close correlation among the structure, adjuvant activity, and RES-stimulating capacity of MDP, we infer that macrophages may play an important role in the expression of adjuvant activity of MDP.

Full text

PDF
302

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adam A., Devys M., Souvannavong V., Lefrancier P., Choay J., Lederer E. Correlation of structure and adjuvant activity of N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), its derivatives and analogues. Anti-adjuvant and competition properties of stereoisomers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Sep 7;72(1):339–346. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90999-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Azuma I., Sugimura K., Taniyama T., Yamawaki M., Yamamura Y. Adjuvant activity of mycobacterial fractions: adjuvant activity of synthetic N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide and the related compounds. Infect Immun. 1976 Jul;14(1):18–27. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.1.18-27.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BENACERRAF B., SEBESTYEN M. M. Effect of bacterial endotoxins on the reticuloendothelial system. Fed Proc. 1957 Sep;16(3):860–867. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BIOZZI G., BENACERRAF B., HALPERN B. N. The effect of Salm. typhi and its endotoxin on the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in mice. Br J Exp Pathol. 1955 Jun;36(3):226–235. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BIOZZI G., HALPERN B. N., BILBEY D., STIFFEL C., BENACERRAF B., MOUTON D. Oestrogènes et fonction phagocytaire du système réticulo-endothélial. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1957;151(7):1326–1331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bruley-Rosset M., Florentin I., Khalil A. M., Mathé G. Nonspecific macrophage activation by systemic adjuvants. Evaluation by lysosomal enzyme and in vitro tumoricidal activities. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1976;51(5):594–607. doi: 10.1159/000231638. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chedid L., Audibert F., Lefrancier P., Choay J., Lederer E. Modulation of the immune response by a synthetic adjuvant and analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jul;73(7):2472–2475. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.7.2472. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chedid L., Parant M., Parant F., Lefrancher P., Choay J., Lederer E. Enhancement of nonspecific immunity to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection by a synthetic immunoadjuvant (N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) and several analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 May;74(5):2089–2093. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.5.2089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DICARLO F. J., HAYNES L. J., PHILLIPS G. E. Effect of Mycobacterium phlei upon reticuloendothelial system of mice of different ages. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1963 Mar;112:651–654. doi: 10.3181/00379727-112-28129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ellouz F., Adam A., Ciorbaru R., Lederer E. Minimal structural requirements for adjuvant activity of bacterial peptidoglycan derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1974 Aug 19;59(4):1317–1325. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90458-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Emori K., Tanaka A. Granuloma formation by synthetic bacterial cell wall fragment: muramyl dipeptide. Infect Immun. 1978 Feb;19(2):613–620. doi: 10.1128/iai.19.2.613-620.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Golub E. S., Weigle W. O. Studies on the induction of immunologic unresponsiveness. I. Effects of endotoxin and phytochemagglutinin. J Immunol. 1967 Jun;98(6):1241–1247. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HALPERN B. N., PREVOT A. R., BIOZZI G., STIFFEL C., MOUTON D., MORARD J. C., BOUTHILLIER Y., DECREUSEFOND C. STIMULATION DE L'ACTIVIT'E PHAGOCYTAIRE DU SYST'EME R'ETICULOENDOTH'ELIAL PROVOQU'EE PAR CORYNEBACTERIUM PARVUM. J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1964 Jan;1:77–96. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. HALPERN B. N., STIFFEL C., BIOZZI G., MOUTON D. [Influence of sex hormones on the stimulation of the phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system induced by inoculation of the Calmette-Guerin bacillus (BCG) in the mouse]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1960;154:1994–2001. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Johnson H. M., Brenner K., Hall H. E. The use of a wate-soluble carbodiimide as a coupling reagent in the passive hemagglutination test. J Immunol. 1966 Dec;97(6):791–796. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Juy D., Chedid L. Comparison between macrophage activation and enhancement of nonspecific resistance to tumors by mycobacterial immunoadjuvants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):4105–4109. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.4105. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kotani S., Kinoshita F., Morisaki I., Shimono T., Okunaga T., Takada H., Tsujimoto M., Watanabe Y., Kato K., Shiba T. Immunoadjuvant activities of synthetic 6-O-acyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine with special reference to the effect of its administration with liposomes. Biken J. 1977 Dec;20(3-4):95–103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kotani S., Watanabe Y., Kinoshita F., Shimono T., Morisaki I. Immunoadjuvant activities of synthetic N-acetyl-muramyl-peptides or -amino acids. Biken J. 1975 Jun;18(2):105–111. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kotani S., Watanabe Y., Shimono T., Harada K., Shiba T. Correlation between the immunoadjuvant activities and pyrogenicities of synthetic N-acetylmuramyl-peptides or -amino acids. Biken J. 1976 Mar;19(1):9–13. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lane F. C., Unanue E. R. Immunologic events during Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice: adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of macrophage-bound antigens. J Immunol. 1973 Mar;110(3):829–834. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Löwy I., Bona C., Chedid L. Target cells for the activity of a synthetic adjuvant: muramyl dipeptide. Cell Immunol. 1977 Mar 1;29(1):195–199. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90288-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Modolell M., Luckenbach G. A., Parant M., Munder P. G. The adjuvant activity of a mycobacterial water soluble adjuvant (WSA) in vitro. I. The requirement of macrophages. J Immunol. 1974 Jul;113(1):395–403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Mouton D., Bouthillier Y., Feingold N., Feingold J., Decreusefond C., Stiffel C., Biozzi G. Genetic control of macrophage functions. I. Polygenic regulation of phagocytosis stimulation produced by Glyceryl Trioleate. J Exp Med. 1975 Feb 1;141(2):306–321. doi: 10.1084/jem.141.2.306. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Nicol T., Quantock D. C., Vernon-Roberts B. Stimulation of phagocytosis in relation to the mechanism of action of adjuvants. Nature. 1966 Mar 12;209(5028):1142–1143. doi: 10.1038/2091142b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Saito R., Nagao S., Takamoto M., Sugiyama K., Tanaka A. Adjuvanticity (immunity-inducing property) of cord factor in mice and rats. Infect Immun. 1977 Jun;16(3):725–729. doi: 10.1128/iai.16.3.725-729.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Takada H., Kotani S., Kusumoto S., Tarumi Y., Ikenaka K. Mitogenic activity of adjuvant-active N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and its analogues. Biken J. 1977 Jun;20(2):81–85. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tanaka A., Nagao S., Saito R., Kotani S., Kusumoto S., Shiba T. Correlation of stereochemically specific structure in muramyl dipeptide between macrophage activation and adjuvant activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Jul 25;77(2):621–627. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(77)80024-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Tanaka A., Saito R., Sugiyama K., Morisaki I., Kotani S. Adjuvant activity of synthetic N-acetylmuramyl peptides in rats. Infect Immun. 1977 Jan;15(1):332–334. doi: 10.1128/iai.15.1.332-334.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Watson J., Whitlock C. Effect of a synthetic adjuvant on the induction of primary immune responses in T cell-depleted spleen cultures. J Immunol. 1978 Jul;121(1):383–389. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Watson S. R., Sljivić V. S. The role of macrophages in the adjuvant effect on antibody production of Corynebacterium parvum. Clin Exp Immunol. 1976 Jan;23(1):149–153. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Yamamoto Y., Nagao S., Tanaka A., Koga T., Onoue K. Inhibition of macrophage migration by synthetic muramyl dipeptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Feb 28;80(4):923–928. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91333-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES