Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1979 Oct;26(1):90–98. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.1.90-98.1979

Depression of vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease by infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus.

R L Witter, L F Lee, L D Bacon, E J Smith
PMCID: PMC414579  PMID: 227800

Abstract

The effect of infection with low-virulence, tissue culture-propagated strains of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) on protective vaccinal immunity against Marek's disease (MD) lymphomas was investigated. Vaccinated chickens inoculated at hatching with greater than 10(4) focus-forming units of REV and challenged with MD virus were poorly protected against MD lesion development as indicated by protective indices of 53 to 79% for strain CS (P less than 0.05) and 42 to 49% for strain T (P less than 0.01) compared to 78 to 100% for REV-free controls. Furthermore, the response of blood lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation and the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and Brucella abortus were less in REV-inoculated chickens than in controls. The REV-induced depression of immune responses was more severe in chickens infected with mildly pathogenic strain T than in chickens infected with the apathogenic strain CS and was generally transient with both virus strains. Little or no depression of immune responses was observed in chickens inoculated with less than 10(3) focus-forming units of REV. These studies extend knowledge on the immunodepressive ability of low-virulence REV strains and establish that infection with these viruses depresses certain parameters of MD vaccinal immunity, an important model for cellular immunity against virus-induced neoplasia in the chicken.

Full text

PDF
90

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aulisio C. G., Shelokov A. Prevalence of reticuloendotheliosis in chickens: immunofluorescence studies. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1969 Jan;130(1):178–181. doi: 10.3181/00379727-130-33516. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Biggs P. M., Long P. L., Kenzy S. G., Rootes D. G. Relationship between Marek's disease and coccidiosis. II. The effect of Marek's disease on the susceptibility of chickens to coccidial infection. Vet Rec. 1968 Sep 21;83(12):284–289. doi: 10.1136/vr.83.12.284. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Burg R. W., Feldbush T., Morris C. A., Maag T. A. Depression of thymus-and bursa-dependent immune systems chicks with Marek's disease. Avian Dis. 1971 Oct-Dec;15(4):662–671. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Calnek B. W., Higgins D. A., Fabricant J. Rous sarcoma regression in chickens resistant or susceptible to Marek's disease. Avian Dis. 1975 Jul-Sep;19(3):473–482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carpenter C. R., Bose H. R., Rubin A. S. Contact-mediated suppression of mitogen-induced responsiveness by spleen cells in reticuloendotheliosis virus-induced tumorigenesis. Cell Immunol. 1977 Oct;33(2):392–401. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90167-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Carpenter C. R., Kempf K. E., Bose H. R., Rubin A. S. Characterization of the interaction of reticuloendotheliosis virus with the avian lymphoid system. Cell Immunol. 1978 Sep;39(2):307–315. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(78)90106-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cook M. K. Cultivation of a filterable agent associated with Marek's disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1969 Jul;43(1):203–212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dent P. B. Immunodepression by oncogenic viruses. Prog Med Virol. 1972;14:1–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Else R. W. Vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease in bursectomised chickens. Vet Rec. 1974 Aug 31;95(9):182–187. doi: 10.1136/vr.95.9.182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Evans D. L., Patterson L. T. Correlation of immunological responsiveness with lymphocyte changes in chickens infected with Marek's disease. Infect Immun. 1971 Nov;4(5):567–574. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.5.567-574.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Faragher J. T., Allan W. H., Cullen G. A. Immunosuppressive effect of the infectious bursal agent in the chicken. Nat New Biol. 1972 May 24;237(73):118–119. doi: 10.1038/newbio237118a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hirai K., Shimakura S., Kawamoto E., Taguchi F., Kim S. T., Chang C. N., Iritani Y. The immunodepressive effect of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens. Avian Dis. 1974 Jan-Mar;18(1):50–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hoelzer J. D., Franklin R. B., Bose H. R., Jr Transformation by reticuloendotheliosis virus: development of a focus assay and isolation of a nontransforming virus. Virology. 1979 Feb;93(1):20–30. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90272-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hudson L., Pattison M., Thantrey N. Specific B lymphocyte suppression by infectious bursal agent (Gumboro disease virus) in chickens. Eur J Immunol. 1975 Oct;5(10):675–679. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830051005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Jackson C. A., Dunn S. E., Smith D. I., Gilchrist P. T., Macqueen P. A. Proventriculitis, "nakanuke" and reticuloendotheliosis in chickens following vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) Aust Vet J. 1977 Sep;53(9):457–459. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1977.tb05509.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kaaden O. R., Dietzschold B., Ueberschär S. Vaccination against Marek's disease: immunizing effect of purified turkey herpes virus and cellular membranes from infected cells. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1974 Jun 19;159(4):261–269. doi: 10.1007/BF02123735. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kawamura H., Wakabayashi T., Yamaguchi S., Taniguchi T., Takayanagi N. Inoculation experiment of Marek's disease vaccine contaminated with a reticuloendotheliosis virus. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1976 Winter;16(4):135–140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Koyama H., Suzuki Y., Ohwada Y., Saito Y. Reticuloendotheliosis group virus pathogenic to chicken isolated from material infected with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). Avian Dis. 1976 Apr-Jun;20(2):429–434. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lee L. F. Chicken lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens: a microassay with whole-blood cultures. Avian Dis. 1978 Apr-Jun;22(2):296–307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lee L. F., Sharma J. M., Nazerian K., Witter R. L. Suppression of mitogen-induced proliferation of normal spleen cells by macrophages from chickens inoculated with Marek's disease virus. J Immunol. 1978 May;120(5):1554–1559. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Meyers P., Ritts G. D., Johnson D. R. Phytohemagglutinin-induced leukocyte blastogenesis in normal and avian leukosis virus-infected chickens. Cell Immunol. 1976 Nov;27(1):140–146. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(76)90163-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mussman H. C., Twiehaus M. J. Pathogenesis of reticuloendothelial virus disease in chicks--an acute runting syndrome. Avian Dis. 1971 Jul-Sep;15(3):483–502. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Notkins A. L., Mergenhagen S. E., Howard R. J. Effect of virus infections on the function of the immune system. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1970;24:525–538. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.24.100170.002521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Payne L. N. Immunosuppressive effects of avian oncogenic viruses. Proc R Soc Med. 1970 Jan;63(1):16–19. doi: 10.1177/003591577006300106. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Powell P. C. Immunity to Marek's disease induced by glutaraldehyde-treated cells of Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines. Nature. 1975 Oct 23;257(5528):684–685. doi: 10.1038/257684a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Powell P. C., Rennie M. Marek's disease tumour-specific antigen induced by the herpesvirus of turkeys in vaccinated chickens. Vet Rec. 1978 Sep 9;103(11):232–233. doi: 10.1136/vr.103.11.232. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Purchase H. G., Chubb R. C., Biggs P. M. Effect of lymphoid leukosis and Marek's disease on the immunological responsiveness of the chicken. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1968 Mar;40(3):583–592. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Purchase H. G., Ludford C., Nazerian K., Cox H. W. A new group of oncogenic viruses: reticuloendotheliosis, chick syncytial, duck infectious anemia, and spleen necrosis viruses. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973 Aug;51(2):489–499. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Purchase H. G., Sharma J. M. Amelioration of Marek's disease and absence of vaccine protection in immunologically deficient chickens. Nature. 1974 Mar 29;248(447):419–421. doi: 10.1038/248419a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Purchase H. G., Witter R. L. The reticuloendotheliosis viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1975;71:103–124. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-66193-8_3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. RUBIN H. Conditions for establishing immuno logical tolerance to a tumor virus. Nature. 1962 Jul 28;195:342–345. doi: 10.1038/195342a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Robinson F. R., Twiehaus M. J. Isolation of tha avian reticuloendothelial virus (strain T). Avian Dis. 1974 Apr-Jun;18(2):278–288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ross L. J. Antiviral T cell-mediated immunity in Marek's disease. Nature. 1977 Aug 18;268(5621):644–646. doi: 10.1038/268644a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Schat K. A., Calnek B. W. Demonstration of Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen in chickens infected with nononcogenic Marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1978 Sep;61(3):855–857. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sharma J. M. Role of tumor antigen in vaccine protection in Marek's disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977;88:345–353. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4169-7_32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Smith E. J. Preparation of antisera to group-specific antigens of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses: an alternate approach. Avian Dis. 1977 Apr-Jun;21(2):290–299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Smith R. E., Van Eldik L. J. Characterization of the immunosuppression accompanying virus-induced avian osteopetrosis. Infect Immun. 1978 Nov;22(2):452–461. doi: 10.1128/iai.22.2.452-461.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Stephens E. A., Witter R. L., Lee L. F., Sharma J. M., Nazerian K., Longenecker B. M. Characteristics of JMV Marek's disease tumor: a nonproductively infected transplantable cell lacking in rescuable Virus. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976 Oct;57(4):865–874. doi: 10.1093/jnci/57.4.865. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Theilen G. H., Zeigel R. F., Twiehaus M. J. Biological studies with RE virus (strain T) that induces reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys, chickens, and Japanese quail. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1966 Dec;37(6):731–743. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Witter R. L., Crittenden L. B. Lymphomas resembling lymphoid leukosis in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. Int J Cancer. 1979 May 15;23(5):673–678. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910230513. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Witter R. L., Nazerian K., Purchase H. G., Burgoyne G. H. Isolation from turkeys of a cell-associated herpesvirus antigenically related to Marek's disease virus. Am J Vet Res. 1970 Mar;31(3):525–538. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Witter R. L., Offenbecker L. Duration of vaccinal immunity against Marek's disease. Avian Dis. 1978 Jul-Sep;22(3):396–408. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Witter R. L., Purchase H. G., Burgoyne G. H. Peripheral nerve lesions similar to those of Marek's disease in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1970 Sep;45(3):567–577. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Witter R. L., Sharma J. M., Offenbecker L. Turkey herpesvirus infection in chickens: induction of lymphoproliferative lesions and characterization of vaccinal immunity against Marek's disease. Avian Dis. 1976 Oct-Dec;20(4):676–692. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES