Abstract
Numerous investigators report data obtained using an in vitro quantitative assay for measuring bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. We found this assay to contain significant sources of error in the large variation in number of bacteria bound per cell and in the dependence on the investigator's visual counting of bacteria bound per cell. In the modified assay described here, we eliminated the need for visual counting of bacteria by incorporating the use of radioactively labeled Escherichia coli. This allowed quantitation of bacterial adherence to as many as 50,000 vaginal cells, whereas the visual counting system limits the determination to perhaps 50 cells. We feel that the use of radioactively labeled bacteria in place of the visual counting system increases the validity and sensitivity of this assay. Using the modified method, we found no statistically significant differences among values for adherence of E. coli type 04 to the vaginal cells of control and cystitis-prone women at either pH 6.4 or 4.0.
Full text
PDF




Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Cox C. E., Lacy S. S., Hinman F., Jr The urethra and its relationship to urinary tract infection. II. The urethral flora of the female with recurrent urinary infection. J Urol. 1968 May;99(5):632–638. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)62762-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eden C. S., Eriksson B., Hanson L. A. Adhesion of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells in vitro. Infect Immun. 1977 Dec;18(3):767–774. doi: 10.1128/iai.18.3.767-774.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elkins I. B., Cox C. E. Perineal, vaginal and urethral bacteriology of young women. I. Incidence of gram-negative colonization. J Urol. 1974 Jan;111(1):88–92. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)59896-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellen R. P., Gibbons R. J. M protein-associated adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial surfaces: prerequisite for virulence. Infect Immun. 1972 May;5(5):826–830. doi: 10.1128/iai.5.5.826-830.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fowler J. E., Jr, Stamey T. A. Studies of introital colonization in women with recurrent urinary infections. VII. The role of bacterial adherence. J Urol. 1977 Apr;117(4):472–476. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58501-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gibbons R. J., van Houte J. Selective bacterial adherence to oral epithelial surfaces and its role as an ecological determinant. Infect Immun. 1971 Apr;3(4):567–573. doi: 10.1128/iai.3.4.567-573.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parsons C. L., Greenspan C., Moore S. W., Mulholland S. G. Role of surface mucin in primary antibacterial defense of bladder. Urology. 1977 Jan;9(1):48–52. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(77)90284-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parsons C. L., Greenspan C., Mulholland S. G. The primary antibacterial defense mechanism of the bladder. Invest Urol. 1975 Jul;13(1):72–78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parsons C. L., Lofland S., Mulholland S. G. The effect of trichomonal vaginitis on vaginal pH. J Urol. 1977 Oct;118(4):621–622. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58126-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Punsalang A. P., Jr, Sawyer W. D. Role of pili in the virulence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun. 1973 Aug;8(2):255–263. doi: 10.1128/iai.8.2.255-263.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shrom S. H., Parsons C. L., Mulholland S. G. Role of urothelial surface mucoprotein in intrinsic bladder defense. Urology. 1977 May;9(5):526–533. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(77)90245-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sobeslavsky O., Prescott B., Chanock R. M. Adsorption of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to neuraminic acid receptors of various cells and possible role in virulence. J Bacteriol. 1968 Sep;96(3):695–705. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.3.695-705.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stamey T. A., Sexton C. C. The role of vaginal colonization with enterobacteriaceae in recurrent urinary infections. J Urol. 1975 Feb;113(2):214–217. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)59447-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stamey T. A., Timothy M. M. Studies of introital colonization in women with recurrent urinary infections. I. The role of vaginal pH. J Urol. 1975 Aug;114(2):261–263. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)67003-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swanson J., King G., Zeligs B. Studies on gonococcus infection. VIII. 125Iodine labeling of gonococci and studies on their in vitro interactions with eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun. 1975 Mar;11(3):453–459. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.3.453-459.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swanson J. Studies on gonococcus infection. IV. Pili: their role in attachment of gonococci to tissue culture cells. J Exp Med. 1973 Mar 1;137(3):571–589. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.3.571. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward M. E., Watt P. J. Adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to urethral mucosal cells: an electron-microscopic study of human gonorrhea. J Infect Dis. 1972 Dec;126(6):601–605. doi: 10.1093/infdis/126.6.601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward M. E., Watt P. J., Robertson J. N. The human fallopian tube: a laboratory model for gonococcal infection. J Infect Dis. 1974 Jun;129(6):650–659. doi: 10.1093/infdis/129.6.650. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Williams R. C., Gibbons R. J. Inhibition of bacterial adherence by secretory immunoglobulin A: a mechanism of antigen disposal. Science. 1972 Aug 25;177(4050):697–699. doi: 10.1126/science.177.4050.697. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Williams R. C., Gibbons R. J. Inhibition of streptococcal attachment to receptors on human buccal epithelial cells by antigenically similar salivary glycoproteins. Infect Immun. 1975 Apr;11(4):711–718. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.4.711-718.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]