Unilateral Molariform Macrodont Mandibular Second Premolar: An Unusual Case Report in A Nonsyndromic Patient

Abstract

Macrodontia is a rare dental anomaly that refers to teeth appears larger than normal. It can be generalized or isolated macrodontia. Isolated macrodontia involving premolar is very rare. This case report presents an unusual unilateral molarifrom macrodontia of mandibular second premolar.

Case Report

A 14-year-old boy reported for routine dental check up. Patient’s medical and family history was unremarkable. On intra oral examination, mandibular second premolar on left side showed macrodontia, which appear like molariform having multitubericular crown with 6 cusps, 3 on buccal and 3 on lingual sides which is extremely uncommon. The affected tooth was rotated due to large crown size and lack of space. There was a deep groove on occlusal table without any carious lesions. Both the mandibular first molars had 6 cusps i,e. 3 buccal and 3 lingual sides with normal crown and root shape and length [Table/Fig-1,2]. The macrodont premolar was measuring 10 mm mesiodistally and 8 mm bucco-lingually with total tooth length around 16 mm as compared to 22.5 mm for 1st premolar. Radiographic examination showed abnormal size and shape of crown with single tapering short conical root in relation to mandibular second premolar [Table/Fig-3].

[Table/Fig-1]:

Photograph of mandible showing macrodont molariform second premolar on left side

[Table/Fig-2]:

Photograph of mandibular cast showing macrodont molariform second premolar on left side and six cusps on permanent first molars

[Table/Fig-3]:

Intra-oral periapical radiograph showing macrodont mandibular second premolar with conical root

Discussion

Anomalies in tooth structure, shape and size results by many factors during morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development [1]. Isolated bilateral macrodontia of mandibular second premolars is an extremely rare dental anomaly with only 10 reported cases till date where as unilateral macrodontia is also extremely rare as reported in our case. Dugmore proposed the term “macrodont molariform premolars” to macrodont premolars [2]. We suggest a term “molariform macrodont premolars” to teeth which are multitubericular” as most suitable one. Macrodontia is usually associated with systemic disturbances or certain syndromes such as, insulin-resistant diabetes, pineal hyperplasia with hyperinsulism, facial hemihyperplasia, KBG syndrome, Otodental syndrome, Ekman-Westborg and Julin trait syndrome, 47 XYY syndrome, Schinzel-Giedion syndrome, Duboitz syndrome and Cockayne’s syndrome [1,3]. The present case reports an isolated macrodont second premolar in nonsyndromic patient.

Macrodont teeth can create variety of functional and esthetic problems, depending on their size and morphology, which requires endodontic, prosthetic, surgical or orthodontic treatment [1]. Often macrodont teeth are unable to erupt due to lack of space for eruption[2,3]. Isolated macrodont premolar teeth are also present in multituberculism as seen in our case. Due to anatomic variation and deep grooves, these teeth may be prone to caries [1,3]. Most of the authors suggested extraction followed by orthodontic correction of malocclusion as a treatment strategy for isolated macrodontia with relation to premolars. Radiographic and clinical examination is helpful for early diagnosis and intervention [3].

Conclusion

Isolated unilateral macrodontia of the mandibular second premolar is an extremely rare dental anomaly, which requires multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Financial or Other Competing Interests

None.