Abstract
It has been previously observed that lipopolysaccharides can be detoxified by alkylation and yet retain their adjuvant activity. Our present findings confirm these results and show, moreover, that these derivatives did not lose their capacity to protect mice against lethal irradiation and lost only partially their ability to interrupt pregnancy or to induce blast transformation of murine B-lymphocytes. However, in contrast with lipopolysaccharides, these alkylated preparations did not enhance the nonspecific resistance of mice to a bacterial infection. The various bilogical functions of endotoxins can therefore be separated and are not uniformly related to their toxicity.
Full text
PDF![714](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/d39956dd3a1d/iai00238-0016.png)
![715](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/9d1d78ef504d/iai00238-0017.png)
![716](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/f3e44562dc60/iai00238-0018.png)
![717](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/87b0b41592b1/iai00238-0019.png)
![718](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/6ad8aa96ee0d/iai00238-0020.png)
![719](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/a2ad33e91bd4/iai00238-0021.png)
![720](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/c37907a28a35/iai00238-0022.png)
![721](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8682/415346/2384a032e576/iai00238-0023.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Andersson J., Melchers F., Galanos C., Lüderitz O. The mitogenic effect of lipopolysaccharide on bone marrow-derived mouse lymphocytes. Lipid A as the mitogenic part of the molecule. J Exp Med. 1973 Apr 1;137(4):943–953. doi: 10.1084/jem.137.4.943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Andersson J., Möller G., Sjöberg O. Selective induction of DNA synthesis in T and B lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 1972 Aug;4(4):381–393. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(72)90040-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boggs D. R., Marsh J. C., Chervenick P. A., Cartwright G. E., Wintrobe M. M. Factors influencing hematopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. VI. The different effects of foreign plasma, endotoxin, and bleeding on colony-forming cell kinetics. Radiat Res. 1968 Jul;35(1):68–77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bona C., Damais C., Dimitriu A., Chedid L., Ciorbaru R., Adam A., Petit J. F., Lederer E., Rosselet J. P. Mitogenic effect of a water-soluble extract of Nocardia opaca: a comparative study with some bacterial adjuvants on spleen and peripheral lymphocytes of four mammalian species. J Immunol. 1974 Jun;112(6):2028–2035. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bona C., Damais C. Stimulation by haptenic Salmonella polysaccharides of murine and rabbit lymphocytes. Ann Immunol (Paris) 1975 Feb-Mar;126(2):191–199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chedid L., Parant F., Parant M., Boyer F. Localization and fate of 51-Cr-labeled somatic antigens of smooth and rough Salmonellae. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):712–726. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52401.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chedid M. L., Audibert F., Bona C. Activités adjuvante et mitogéne de lipopolysaccharides détoxifiés. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 1975 Mar 3;280(9):1197–1200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cluff L. E. Effects of endotoxins on susceptibility to infections. J Infect Dis. 1970 Sep;122(3):205–215. doi: 10.1093/infdis/122.3.205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Franzl R. E., McMaster P. D. The primary immune response in mice. I. The enhancement and suppression of hemolysin production by a bacterial endotoxin. J Exp Med. 1968 Jun 1;127(6):1087–1107. doi: 10.1084/jem.127.6.1087. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirata A. A., Brandriss M. W. Passive hemagglutination procedures for protein and polysaccharide antigens using erythrocytes stabilized by aldehydes. J Immunol. 1968 Mar;100(3):641–646. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JOHNSON A. G., GAINES S., LANDY M. Studies on the O antigen of Salmonella typhosa. V. Enhancement of antibody response to protein antigens by the purified lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med. 1956 Feb 1;103(2):225–246. doi: 10.1084/jem.103.2.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KASS E. H. Effect of corticosteroids and of hormones of pregnancy on the lethal action of bacterial endotoxin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1960 Jun 21;88:107–115. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb20012.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LANDY M., TRAPANI R. J., CLARK W. R. Studies on the O antigen of Salmonella typhosa. III. Activity of the isolated antigen in the hemagglutination procedure. Am J Hyg. 1955 Jul;62(1):54–65. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119766. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lüderitz O., Galanos C., Lehmann V., Nurminen M., Rietschel E. T., Rosenfelder G., Simon M., Westphal O. Lipid A: chemical structure and biological activity. J Infect Dis. 1973 Jul;128(Suppl):17–29. doi: 10.1093/infdis/128.supplement_1.s17. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nowotny A., Cundy K. R., Neale N. L., Nowotny A. M., Radvany R., Thomas S. P., Tripodi D. J. Relation of structure to function in bacterial O-antigens. IV. Fractionation of the components. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):586–603. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52391.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PARANT M., BOYER F., CHEDID L. AUGMENTATION DE LA R'ESISTANCE AUX INFECTIONS CONS'ECUTIVE 'A UNE INJECTION D'ENDOTOXINE. MISE EN 'EVIDENCE DU M'ECANISME PAR L'ASSOCIATION DE SULFAMIDE. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1965 Mar 1;260:2630–2633. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PARANT M., CHEDID L. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CHLORPROMAZINE AGAINST ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED ABORTION. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1964 Aug-Sep;116:906–909. doi: 10.3181/00379727-116-29404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parant M., Parant F., Chedid L., Minor L. L. Immunostimulants bactériens et protection de la souris infectée par Klebsiella pneumoniae résistante aux antibiotiques par mutation ou par transfert de plasmides. Ann Immunol (Paris) 1975 Apr;126(3):319–326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peavy D. L., Adler W. H., Smith R. T. The mitogenic effects of endotoxin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B on mouse spleen cells and human peripheral lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1970 Dec;105(6):1453–1458. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REIDER R. F., THOMAS L. Studies on the mechanisms involved in the production of abortion by endotoxin. J Immunol. 1960 Feb;84:189–193. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROWLEY D. Rapidly induced changes in the level of non-specific immunity in laboratory animals. Br J Exp Pathol. 1956 Jun;37(3):223–234. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SMITH W. W., ALDERMAN I. M., GILLESPIE R. E. Increased survival in irradiated animals treated with bacterial endotoxins. Am J Physiol. 1957 Oct;191(1):124–130. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1957.191.1.124. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schenck J. R., Hargie M. P., Brown M. S., Ebert D. S., Yoo A. L., McIntire F. C. The enhancement of antibody formation by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and detoxified derivatives. J Immunol. 1969 Jun;102(6):1411–1422. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WESTPHAL O. [Recent research on the chemistry and biology of the endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria]. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1960 Jun;98:789–813. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]