Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1976 Oct;14(4):1014–1021. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.4.1014-1021.1976

Lymphocyte and macrophage responses after vaccinia virus infections.

C McLaren, H Cheng, D L Spicer, W A Tompkins
PMCID: PMC415487  PMID: 992867

Abstract

Using a semimicromethod with washed whole blood, in vitro lymphocyte responses of rabbits to intradermal infection with vaccinia virus was studied. Peritoneal exudate macrophages were infected with vaccinia in vitro to determine the time of appearance of activated macrophages. After primary infection, an increase in spontaneous incorporation of thymidine by blood cultures was found as early as 2 days postinfection. This effect was at a maximum at 7 to 10 days, with counts up to 100-fold higher than before infection. Incubation of these cultures with concanavalin A showed a marked decrease in stimulation index as compared with normals. Although only a transient stimulation with vaccinia was found during the acute infection, stimulation indexes of 2 to 3 were obtained during convalescence. Macrophages from rabbits early after infection supported vaccinia replication, whereas those at day 6 or later resisted infection. Macrophage resistance persisted for 2 to 3 weeks. The response of lymphocytes from rabbits reinfected with vaccinia after 15 weeks differed, with a small increase in spontaneous thymidine uptake, a smaller depression in concanavalin A stimulation, and a greater specific response to vaccinia. Macrophage activation occurred earlier and persisted for a longer time after secondary infection.

Full text

PDF
1014

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blanden R. V., Mims C. A. Macrophage activation in mice infected with ectromelia or lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1973 Jun;51(3):393–398. doi: 10.1038/icb.1973.35. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Finkel A., Dent P. B. Abnormalities in lymphocyte proliferation in classical and atypical measles infection. Cell Immunol. 1973 Jan;6(1):41–48. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(73)90004-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Griffin D. E., Johnson R. T. Cellular immune response to viral infection: in vitro studies of lymphocytes from mice infected with Sindbis virus. Cell Immunol. 1973 Dec;9(3):426–434. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(73)90057-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Krahenbuhl J. L., Remington J. S. In vitro induction of nonspecific resistance in macrophages by specifically sensitized lymphocytes. Infect Immun. 1971 Oct;4(4):337–343. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.4.337-343.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Lipsky P. E., Rosenthal A. S. Macrophage-lymphocyte interaction. II. Antigen-mediated physical interactions between immune guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes and syngeneic macrophages. J Exp Med. 1975 Jan 1;141(1):138–154. doi: 10.1084/jem.141.1.138. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Mackaness G. B. The monocyte in cellular immunity. Semin Hematol. 1970 Apr;7(2):172–184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Mooney J. J., Waksman B. H. Activation of normal rabbit macrophage monolayers by supernatants of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1970 Nov;105(5):1138–1145. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Munyer T. P., Mangi R. J., Dolan T., Kantor F. S. Depressed lymphocyte function after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. J Infect Dis. 1975 Jul;132(1):75–78. doi: 10.1093/infdis/132.1.75. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Nathan C. F., Karnovsky M. L., David J. R. Alterations of macrophage functions by mediators from lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1971 Jun 1;133(6):1356–1376. doi: 10.1084/jem.133.6.1356. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. North R. J., Deissler J. F. Nature of "memory" in T-cell mediated antibacterial immunity: cellular parameters that distinguish between the active immune response and a state of "memory". Infect Immun. 1975 Oct;12(4):761–767. doi: 10.1128/iai.12.4.761-767.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ohishi M., Onoue K. Functional activation of immune lymphocytes by antigenic stimulation in cell mediated immunity. I. Requirement for macrophages in antigen-induced MIF production by guinea pig immune lymphocytes in vitro. Cell Immunol. 1975 Jul;18(1):220–232. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(75)90050-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Pagé D., Posen G., Stewart T., Harris J. Immunological detection of renal allograft rejection in man: increased deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by peripheral lymphoid cells. Transplantation. 1971 Nov;12(5):341–347. doi: 10.1097/00007890-197111000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Rosenberg G. L., Farber P. A., Notkins A. L. In vitro stimulation of sensitized lymphocytes by herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Mar;69(3):756–760. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.3.756. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Rosenberg G. L., Notkins A. L. Induction of cellular immunity to herpes simplex virus: relationship to the humoral immune response. J Immunol. 1974 Mar;112(3):1019–1025. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Schultz R. M., Woan M. C., Tompkins W. A. Macrophage immunity to vaccina virus: factors affecting macrophage immunity in vitro. J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1974 Jul;16(1):37–47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Scriba M. Stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by herpes simplex virus in vitro. Infect Immun. 1974 Sep;10(3):430–436. doi: 10.1128/iai.10.3.430-436.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Simon H. B., Sheagren J. N. Cellular immunity in vitro. I. Immunologically mediated enhancement of macrophage bactericidal capacity. J Exp Med. 1971 Jun 1;133(6):1377–1389. doi: 10.1084/jem.133.6.1377. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Tompkins W. A., Zarling J. M., Rawls W. E. In vitro assessment of cellular immunity to vaccinia virus: contribution of lymphocytes and macrophages. Infect Immun. 1970 Dec;2(6):783–790. doi: 10.1128/iai.2.6.783-790.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wahl S. M., Wilton J. M., Rosenstreich D. L., Oppenheim J. J. The role of macrophages in the production of lymphokines by T and B lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1975 Apr;114(4):1296–1301. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Yam L. T., Li C. Y., Crosby W. H. Cytochemical identification of monocytes and granulocytes. Am J Clin Pathol. 1971 Mar;55(3):283–290. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/55.3.283. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES