Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1995 Jul 3;92(14):6597–6601. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.14.6597

NDR1, a locus of Arabidopsis thaliana that is required for disease resistance to both a bacterial and a fungal pathogen.

K S Century 1, E B Holub 1, B J Staskawicz 1
PMCID: PMC41565  PMID: 11607554

Abstract

We have employed Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host plant to genetically dissect the molecular pathways leading to disease resistance. A. thaliana accession Col-0 is susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 but resistant in a race-specific manner to DC3000 carrying any one of the cloned avirulence genes avrB, avrRpm1, avrRpt2, and avrPph3. Fast-neutron-mutagenized Col-0 M2 seed was screened to identify mutants susceptible to DC3000(avrB). Disease assays and analysis of in planta bacterial growth identified one mutant, ndr1-1 (nonrace-specific disease resistance), that was susceptible to DC3000 expressing any one of the four avirulence genes tested. Interestingly, a hypersensitive-like response was still induced by several of the strains. The ndr1-1 mutation also rendered the plant susceptible to several avirulent isolates of the fungal pathogen Peronospora parasitica. Genetic analysis of ndr1-1 demonstrated that the mutation segregated as a single recessive locus, located on chromosome III. Characterization of the ndr1-1 mutation suggests that a common step exists in pathways of resistance to two unrelated pathogens.

Full text

PDF
6597

Images in this article

6598Fig. 1
on p.6598

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bent A. F., Kunkel B. N., Dahlbeck D., Brown K. L., Schmidt R., Giraudat J., Leung J., Staskawicz B. J. RPS2 of Arabidopsis thaliana: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes. Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1856–1860. doi: 10.1126/science.8091210. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cao H., Bowling S. A., Gordon A. S., Dong X. Characterization of an Arabidopsis Mutant That Is Nonresponsive to Inducers of Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Cell. 1994 Nov;6(11):1583–1592. doi: 10.1105/tpc.6.11.1583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Delaney T. P., Uknes S., Vernooij B., Friedrich L., Weymann K., Negrotto D., Gaffney T., Gut-Rella M., Kessmann H., Ward E., Ryals J. A central role of salicylic Acid in plant disease resistance. Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1247–1250. doi: 10.1126/science.266.5188.1247. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dietrich R. A., Delaney T. P., Uknes S. J., Ward E. R., Ryals J. A., Dangl J. L. Arabidopsis mutants simulating disease resistance response. Cell. 1994 May 20;77(4):565–577. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90218-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dong X., Mindrinos M., Davis K. R., Ausubel F. M. Induction of Arabidopsis defense genes by virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains and by a cloned avirulence gene. Plant Cell. 1991 Jan;3(1):61–72. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.1.61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Figurski D. H., Helinski D. R. Replication of an origin-containing derivative of plasmid RK2 dependent on a plasmid function provided in trans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1648–1652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gaffney T., Friedrich L., Vernooij B., Negrotto D., Nye G., Uknes S., Ward E., Kessmann H., Ryals J. Requirement of salicylic Acid for the induction of systemic acquired resistance. Science. 1993 Aug 6;261(5122):754–756. doi: 10.1126/science.261.5122.754. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gamborg O. L., Miller R. A., Ojima K. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res. 1968 Apr;50(1):151–158. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(68)90403-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Glazebrook J., Ausubel F. M. Isolation of phytoalexin-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of their interactions with bacterial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Sep 13;91(19):8955–8959. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.19.8955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Greenberg J. T., Guo A., Klessig D. F., Ausubel F. M. Programmed cell death in plants: a pathogen-triggered response activated coordinately with multiple defense functions. Cell. 1994 May 20;77(4):551–563. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90217-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Innes R. W., Bisgrove S. R., Smith N. M., Bent A. F., Staskawicz B. J., Liu Y. C. Identification of a disease resistance locus in Arabidopsis that is functionally homologous to the RPG1 locus of soybean. Plant J. 1993 Nov;4(5):813–820. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.04050813.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jakobek J. L., Lindgren P. B. Generalized Induction of Defense Responses in Bean Is Not Correlated with the Induction of the Hypersensitive Reaction. Plant Cell. 1993 Jan;5(1):49–56. doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jenner C., Hitchin E., Mansfield J., Walters K., Betteridge P., Teverson D., Taylor J. Gene-for-gene interactions between Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and Phaseolus. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1991 Nov-Dec;4(6):553–562. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Jones D. A., Thomas C. M., Hammond-Kosack K. E., Balint-Kurti P. J., Jones J. D. Isolation of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum by transposon tagging. Science. 1994 Nov 4;266(5186):789–793. doi: 10.1126/science.7973631. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Keen N. T. Gene-for-gene complementarity in plant-pathogen interactions. Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:447–463. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.24.120190.002311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kobe B., Deisenhofer J. The leucine-rich repeat: a versatile binding motif. Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Oct;19(10):415–421. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(94)90090-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Koch E., Slusarenko A. Arabidopsis is susceptible to infection by a downy mildew fungus. Plant Cell. 1990 May;2(5):437–445. doi: 10.1105/tpc.2.5.437. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Konieczny A., Ausubel F. M. A procedure for mapping Arabidopsis mutations using co-dominant ecotype-specific PCR-based markers. Plant J. 1993 Aug;4(2):403–410. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.04020403.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Koornneef M., Dellaert L. W., van der Veen J. H. EMS- and radiation-induced mutation frequencies at individual loci in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Mutat Res. 1982 Mar;93(1):109–123. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(82)90129-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kunkel B. N., Bent A. F., Dahlbeck D., Innes R. W., Staskawicz B. J. RPS2, an Arabidopsis disease resistance locus specifying recognition of Pseudomonas syringae strains expressing the avirulence gene avrRpt2. Plant Cell. 1993 Aug;5(8):865–875. doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.8.865. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lamb C. J., Lawton M. A., Dron M., Dixon R. A. Signals and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack. Cell. 1989 Jan 27;56(2):215–224. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90894-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lander E. S., Green P., Abrahamson J., Barlow A., Daly M. J., Lincoln S. E., Newberg L. A., Newburg L. MAPMAKER: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics. 1987 Oct;1(2):174–181. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(87)90010-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Martin G. B., Brommonschenkel S. H., Chunwongse J., Frary A., Ganal M. W., Spivey R., Wu T., Earle E. D., Tanksley S. D. Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science. 1993 Nov 26;262(5138):1432–1436. doi: 10.1126/science.7902614. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mindrinos M., Katagiri F., Yu G. L., Ausubel F. M. The A. thaliana disease resistance gene RPS2 encodes a protein containing a nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats. Cell. 1994 Sep 23;78(6):1089–1099. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90282-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nam H. G., Giraudat J., Den Boer B., Moonan F., Loos WDB., Hauge B. M., Goodman H. M. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Linkage Map of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell. 1989 Jul;1(7):699–705. doi: 10.1105/tpc.1.7.699. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Staskawicz B., Dahlbeck D., Keen N., Napoli C. Molecular characterization of cloned avirulence genes from race 0 and race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. J Bacteriol. 1987 Dec;169(12):5789–5794. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.12.5789-5794.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Whalen M. C., Innes R. W., Bent A. F., Staskawicz B. J. Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens of Arabidopsis and a bacterial locus determining avirulence on both Arabidopsis and soybean. Plant Cell. 1991 Jan;3(1):49–59. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Whalen M. C., Stall R. E., Staskawicz B. J. Characterization of a gene from a tomato pathogen determining hypersensitive resistance in non-host species and genetic analysis of this resistance in bean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Sep;85(18):6743–6747. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.18.6743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Whitham S., Dinesh-Kumar S. P., Choi D., Hehl R., Corr C., Baker B. The product of the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N: similarity to toll and the interleukin-1 receptor. Cell. 1994 Sep 23;78(6):1101–1115. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90283-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES