Table 1.

Summary of bioreactors and their effects on stem cell expansion or differentiation

Stem cell type	Bioreactor type	Effect on stem cells	Reference
MSCs	Perfusion	Enhanced osteogenesis, proliferation and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor	Kreke et al. (2008)
MSCs	Perfusion	Enhanced chondrogenesis	Gonçalves et al. (2011)
MSCs	Biaxial spinner flask	Enhanced osteogenesis	Zhang et al. (2010)
MSCs	Rotating wall vessel	Enhanced adipogenesis	Meyers et al. (2005)
MSCs	Compression bioreactor	Enhanced chondrogenesis	Huang et al. (2004)
mESCs	Perfusion microfluidic bioreactor	Induced three-germ layer commitment	Przybyla and Voldman (2012); Wolfe et al. (2012)
mESCs	Spinner flask	Enhanced self-renewal	Gareau et al. (2012)
mESCs	Rotating wall vessel	Enhanced hematopoiesis	Fridley et al. (2010)
mESCs	Rotating wall vessel	Enhanced hepatic differentiation	Wang et al. (2012)
mESCs	Perfusion	Endothelial and hematopoietic differentiation	Wolfe and Ahsan (2013)
mESCs	Rotary orbital shaker	Enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation	Sargent et al. (2009)
hESCs	Spinner flask	Induced three-germ layer commitment	Leung et al. (2010)
hESCs	Spinner flask; Rotating wall vessel	Induced three-germ layer commitment	Yirme et al. (2008)
iPSCs	Spinner flask	Integrated iPSC derivation, expansion, and cardiomyocyte differentiation	Fluri et al. (2012)

MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, mESCs mouse embryonic stem cells, hESCs human embryonic stem cells, iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells