Skip to main content
Proteomics Insights logoLink to Proteomics Insights
. 2012 Apr 3;5:1–19. doi: 10.4137/PRI.S9374

A Survey of Membrane Proteins in Human Serum

Nguyen Tien Dung 1, Phan Van Chi 1,
PMCID: PMC4177280  PMID: 25288886

Abstract

Serum and membrane proteins are two of the most attractive targets for proteomic analysis. Previous membrane protein studies tend to focus on tissue sample, while membrane protein studies in serum are still limited. In this study, an analysis of membrane proteins in normal human serum was carried out. Nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS) and bioinformatics tools were used to identify membrane proteins. Two hundred and seventeen membrane proteins were detected in the human serum, of which 129 membrane proteins have at least one transmembrane domain (TMD). Further characterizations of identified membrane proteins including their subcellular distributions, molecular weights, post translational modifications, transmembrane domains and average of hydrophobicity, were also implemented. Our results showed the potential of membrane proteins in serum for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Keywords: membrane proteins, proteomics, serum, NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS

Introduction

As the most easily obtained sample from patients, blood plasma is the primary specimen used to diagnose and monitor many diseases. Because changes in certain components of the plasma are indicative of abnormalities in the body system, many researches have been carried out in search for disease biomarkers in the plasma since the early history of clinical study. After proteomics emerged as a major discipline at the end of the 20th century, plasma study was launched in this new research direction, which could potentially analyze hundreds of proteins at the same time, instead of the one-protein study allowed by traditional genetic/biochemical approach.

The plasma contains thousands of proteins, including those originating from most, if not all kinds of cells and tissues.1 The plasma is considered one of the most promising proteomes for proteomic research, and many proteomic techniques and methods have been utilized and modified to analyze the human plasma.2 In an early study of human plasma, Pieper et al could identify 325 proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS).3 Advancements in the field of proteomics in the past decade have assisted plasma studies in both breadth and depth, exemplified by the forming of a human plasma Peptide Atlas by researchers participating in the Plasma Proteome Project of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO).4 Comparative studies of the plasma have revealed many potential markers and some insights into the mechanisms of tissue specific diseases, such as cancers,5 Alzheimer’s disease,6 and myocardial infarction.7

Membrane proteomics is a highly focused branch of proteomics. Approximately 30% of proteins encoded by the mammalian genome are transmembrane proteins.8,9 Membrane proteins play an important part in many important cellular processes, including cross-membrane transportation, cell adhesion, signal transduction, immune response, etc.10 Due to their roles as transporters, receptors and structural proteins as well as their impacts on intracellular processes, they are the usual candidates for drug development: about 60% of approved drugs target membrane proteins.11 Many membrane proteins were also found to directly associate with various human diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, Hodgkin’s disease and liver cirrhosis.12 Thus, researches on membrane proteins also hold promises for developments of diagnosis and disease treatment.

The recent studies on human and mammalian membrane proteins tend to focus on cell/tissue samples.1315 Using carbonate extraction, trypsin digestion and NanoLC-MS/MS, a multilaboratory project has been found to profile membrane proteins from mouse liver.16,17 Another study based on similar approaches, more than 200 proteins were detected in pancreatic cancer cells.18 Furthermore, a large number (862) of membrane proteins were identified in the brain cortex.19 However, we have not found any independent research that focus only on membrane proteins in serum. As a subset of the plasma, serum contains thousands of proteins, including the proteins of membrane origin, even though their abundance can be low. In this study, some results of profiling and characterization of membrane proteins in human serum by using combination of NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS methods and bioinformatics tools are shown. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST).

Materials and Methods

Materials

Dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, trypsin (proteomics sequencing grade), sodium bicarbonate and Triton X-100 were purchased from Sigma- Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid (FA) and triflouracetate (TFA) were obtained from Fluka (Fluka Chemie GmbH, Buchs, Switzerland). Acetonitrile (ACN, chromatogram grade) and other chemicals (analytical grade) were obtained from Barker (Pittsburgh, USA). The Bradford assay kit, Aurum serum protein mini kit, acrylamide, bis-acrylamide, urea, glycine, Tris, CHAPS, and SDS were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). All equipment and standard reagents used directly should be clean as necessary.

Sample preparation

Sera from healthy middle-aged individuals (20–40 years old) were supplied by Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, and stored at −80 °C until analysis. After that, albumin and IgG were depleted from the samples using the Aurum serum protein mini kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Briefly, serum protein column was washed with 1 ml of serum protein binding buffer. For each sample, 60 μl of serum was diluted with 180 μl serum protein binding buffer and then, 200 μl of diluted serum was loaded onto the column. Subsequently, the depleted serum – unbound fraction was collected by centrifugation at 10,000 × g for 20 sec. The removal of albumin and IgG was evaluated by 12.6% SDS-PAGE.

In-solution trypsin digestion

The depleted sera containing approximately 30 μg of total protein were dried by vacuum centrifugation and then dissolved in 50 mM NH4HCO3. The samples were reduced by 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) at 56°C for 30 min and alkylated by 5 mM iodoacetamide (IAA) at room temperature for 1 hr. Proteins in the samples were digested using trypsin (Sequencing grade, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at ratio of 1:50 (w/w) enzyme to protein at 37 °C for 12 hrs. The digestion was stopped by formic acid with final concentration of 0.1%.

Nano two-dimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry

Tryptic peptides were dissolved in 0.1% formic acid and loaded onto Strong Cation Exchange (SCX) Chromatography Column (LC Packing, Dionex, The Netherlands) for separation in the first dimension. The second dimension was performed using a C18 Reversed Phase (RP) Column (GraceVydac, Hesperia, CA, USA) with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in 85% acetonitrile (B). Peptides were eluted in a linear gradient from 0% to 100% mobile phase B at a flow rate of 0.2 μl/min for 90 min.

Tandem mass spectrometry analysis were performed using an ABI QSTAR®XL hybrid quadrupole/TOF MS/MS instrument (Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex, Ontario, Canada) equipped with a nanoelectrospray source (Protana XYZ manipulator). Positive mode nanoelectrospray was generated from fused-silica PicoTip emitters with a 10 μm aperture (New Objective, Woburn, MA) at 2.5 kV. MS and MS/MS spectra were recorded and processed in IDA mode (Information Dependent Acquisition) controlled by Analyst QS software. The range of the MS full scan was from 200 to 1500 amu followed by MS/MS fragmentation of the three most intense precursor ions. The dynamic ion selection threshold for MS/MS experiments was set to 45 counts.

Identification of membrane proteins

The obtained MS and MS/MS spectra were searched against the NCBInr and the Swiss-Prot protein sequence database using Mascot™ V1.8 software (Matrix Science Ltd., London, UK). The parameters for searching were set as following: enzymatic digestion with trypsin with one potential missed cleavage; a peptide and fragment mass tolerance of ±0.5; carbamidomethyl (cysteine) as fixed modification; oxidation (methionine) as variable modification. Protein identifications were performed using a Mowse scoring algorithm with a confidence level of 95% and with at least two matched peptides. For further verification, proteins were validated using the open-source software MSQuant v 1.5 (http://msquant.sourceforge.net/).

Membrane proteins were sorted from total identified serum proteins based on UniProt protein database (http://www.uniprot.org). SOSUI prediction algorithm was used to predict transmembrane domains and average values of hydrophobicity of those membrane proteins.20

Results

Identification of membrane proteins in serum

The major aim of this study is to detect and profile membrane proteins from human serum. With the strategy and methods described above, 217 membrane proteins were detected from 2778 matched peptides (see Table 1, Supplementary Data). It is interesting to note that more than 90% of the identifications were based on 3 or more matched peptides. From the total of 217 identified membrane proteins, 129 proteins have at least one transmembrane domain (TMD) based on SOSUI prediction algorithm (see Table 1, Supplementary Data).

Evaluation of membrane protein molecular weight

The distribution of molecular weights of membrane proteins from serum was shown in Figure 1. Membrane proteins in serum have a wide range of molecular weights. Proteins with molecular weights from 100–200 kDa make up the largest group, accounting for 43% the total of 217 identified membrane proteins. The second most abundant is the group of proteins with molecular weights in the range of 200–300 kDa (26%). It is also notable that several membrane proteins (6%) have molecular weights above 500 kDa.

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Distribution of molecular weights of membrane proteins found in human serum.

Note: Membrane protein identifications and molecular weights were obtained from MS and MS/MS data using Mascot software.

Transmembrane domains (TMDs) and average of hydrophobicity

TMD is one of the most distinguished features of membrane proteins. In our study, 129 (59.4%) proteins were predicted to have at least one TMD in the total of 217 membrane proteins according to SOSUI prediction algorithm. The majority of these 129 proteins have one TMD (25 proteins) and two TMDs (40 proteins), but a considerable number have more than 8 TMDs, which are often receptors, transporters or ion channels.

In this study, SOSUI prediction algorithm was also used to evaluate the hydrophobicity of membrane proteins from human serum. The average hydrophobicity values of all identified membrane proteins were calculated based on their amino acid sequences. It is notable that almost all proteins have average hydrophobicity values below zero. Only 17 proteins have positive average hydrophobicity values and most of them (16 proteins) are integral membrane proteins or transmembrane proteins. In addition, 7 UniProt annotated membrane proteins could not be analyzed by SOSUI prediction algorithm because their sizes have more than 5000 amino acids.

Subcellular distribution of membrane proteins

The subcellular distribution of 217 identified membrane proteins was determined using UniProt database according to their accession numbers. Analyzing the available information about the identified membrane proteins, we found that, these proteins have a certain distribution or are shuttled between organelles: 119 proteins are from plasma membrane and a range of proteins are from other cell components, such as nucleus (11 proteins), endoplasmic reticulum (16 proteins), Golgi apparatus (23 proteins), and mitochondrion (7 proteins).

Post-translational modifications of membrane proteins

In this study, 359 post-translational modifications (PTMs) of membrane proteins were found in 187 proteins based on UniProt database; the other 30 membrane proteins do not have post translational modifications. Among the total of membrane proteins having PTMs, proteins with one PTM (77 proteins – 41.2%) and two PTMs (66 proteins – 35.3%) are the majority, while proteins with 5 PTMs make up the smallest group (4 proteins – 2.1%).

Among 359 modifications found in the identified membrane proteins, phosphorylation was the most common modification, with 136 phosphoproteins. Follow-up was glycosylation, with 96 glycoproteins. The third and fourth common groups were proteins with dilsufide bonds (48 proteins) and acetylation sites (34 proteins). Lipoproteins, palmitoylated proteins, nitrated proteins, ubiquitinated proteins… contributed to a small fraction of proteins with modifications (Fig. 3).

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Components of post translational modifications (PTMs) of membrane proteins in human serum.

Notes: A total of 359 PTMs were found in 217 identified membrane proteins. The most common modifications are phosphorylation and glycosylation.

Discussions

In membrane proteomics, former studies are often inclined to use tissue/cell samples. Using membrane protein extraction by organic acid and NanoLC-MS/MS, Da Cruz et al found 182 membrane proteins from mouse liver mitochondrial inner membrane.21 Another study used membrane proteins extraction from pancreatic cancer cells, SDS-PAGE, in-gel digestion and NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS and detected more than 200 proteins.18 In addition, a large number (862) of membrane proteins were found in the brain cortex.19 The difference in the number of detected membrane proteins from various tissue types can be due to the specificity of each tissue, as well as fractionation and enrichment methods of each study. Combining data from four different sources, an early survey of the plasma by Anderson et al found 212 proteins with at least one TMD with multiple origins,1 which is similar to our results. Probably, there might be more membrane proteins in the serum that have not been detected yet because of their low abundance compared to other serum proteins.

Phosphorylation and glycosylation are the two most common modifications of protein in animal cells. Phosphorylation modifies the structure and function of many proteins. An upset balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is the cause of many diseases.22 Glycosylation was estimated to be found in over 50% of human proteins,23 and also of interest because some diseases were found to be related to glycan structural alterations.24,25 Our results with the high proportion of phosphoproteins and glycoproteins showed the potential of membrane proteins in serum for diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Conclusion

By using NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS technologies and bioinformatics tools, a data set of 217 membrane proteins from normal human serum was identified. Some characterization such as subcellular distribution, molecular weigh, post translational modification, transmembrane domain (TMD) and average of hydrophobicity of the identified proteins were also given. 129 proteins (59%) have at least one transmembrane domain, and 187 proteins (86%) have post-translational modifications.

Supplementary Data

Table 1.

List of identified membrane proteins in human serum.

No. Accession number Protein name Score Peptide match Molecular weight Subcellular location PTM Hydrophobicity value TMDs
1 Q8TC27 A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 32 43 5 90328 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.312452 2
2 Q9H2U9 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 7 35 9 88036 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.414589 2
3 Q9BZC7 ABC transporter ABCA2 61 16 272140 Membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.065216 14
4 Q8IZY2 ABC transporter ABCA7 46 6 236328 Plasma membrane, Endosome membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein 0.055080 12
5 Q99758 ABC3 41 23 192862 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein 0.089026 13
6 P00519 Abl protein 46 3 123852 Nucleus membrane Lipoprotein, Myristate, Phosphoprotein −0.597169 0
7 O00763 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 60 6 281569 Endomembrane Phosphoprotein −0.227218 1
8 O00763 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 54 6 278361 Endomembrane Phosphoprotein −0.227218 1
9 O14617 Adapter-related protein complex 3 delta 1 subunit variant 62 9 145094 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.491761 1
10 O95996 Adenomatosis polyposis coli 2 49 24 245966 Golgi apparatus membrane Unknown −0.529135 0
11 Q13813 Alpha II spectrin 70 17 285689 Extracellular space Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.790330 0
12 P02763 Alpha-1-acid Glycoprotein 1 precursor 90 37 23579 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.535821 1
13 Q9UHC3 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 3 isoform c 48 8 61376 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.265348 2
14 Q07837 Amino acid transport protein 56 11 79240 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.441082 1
15 Q07075 Aminopeptidase A 50 15 109689 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.390491 1
16 Q5Y190 Anchor protein 53 7 458487 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.188033 20
17 Q96Q91 Anion exchanger AE4 47 4 105149 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein 0.143947 11
18 Q9P2R3 ANKHZN 54 7 129534 Endosome membrane Acetylation −0.154490 0
19 P02647 Apolipoprotein A-I preproprotein 245 45 30759 Plasma membrane Glycation, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.717228 0
20 Q12797 Aspartyl(asparaginyl)beta-hydroxylase; HAAH 42 3 86294 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.788128 1
21 Q86UQ4 ATP binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 13 50 12 580524 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.010508 14
22 Q96J66 ATP-binding cassette protein C11 isoform A 40 18 151566 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein 0.191607 12
23 Q96J66 ATP-binding cassette transporter MRP8 47 5 155872 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein 0.191607 12
24 Q9HC28 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 2 isoform b 77 39 275244 Lysosome membrane Unknown −0.064204 14
25 Q92887 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 36 68 175237 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein 0.091068 13
26 Q9UMD9 Autoantigen 55 8 154929 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation, Phosphoprotein −0.573080 1
27 Q13563 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type II protein 47 4 110462 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein −0.328512 8
28 P50851 Beige-like protein; CDC4L protein 57 18 320076 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.201817 0
29 Q76KP1 Beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 4 39 10 116954 Golgi apparatus membrane Glycoprotein −0.597691 0
30 Q01082 Beta-spectrin 43 10 275259 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.766116 0
31 Q01082 Beta-spectrin 2 isoform 2 39 8 251948 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.766116 0
32 Q15413 Brain ryanodine receptor 73 24 556937 Endoplasmic reticulum Glycoprotein −0.278727 5
33 O14514 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 51 14 176900 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.311806 8
34 O60241 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 2 70 11 174738 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.211924 9
35 O60242 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 59 7 176123 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.211863 9
36 Q9HCU4 Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 44 7 322214 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation −0.270751 8
37 Q9NYQ7 Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 51 10 362937 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation −0.271258 8
38 Q9H251 Cadherin-23 74 6 370095 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.142278 2
39 Q59FJ3 Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit 49 8 264553 Unclear Unknown −0.264964 12
40 Q9HCF6 Calcium-permeable store-operated channel TRPM3b 72 11 180008 Unclear Unknown −0.302195 6
41 Q08499 cAMP-specific phoshodiesterase HPDE4D3 variant 42 6 76872 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.674043 0
42 Q96P48 Centaurin delta 2 isoform a variant 41 9 166159 Plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, Membrane Phosphoprotein −0.422553 0
43 Q15700 Channel associated protein of synapse 35 8 97896 Plasma membrane Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.519310 0
44 Q96QT4 Channel-kinase 1 65 11 214583 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.270456 6
45 P51788 Chloride channel protein 2 41 8 99402 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.132517 11
46 P00751 Complement factor B preproprotein 175 13 86847 Plasma membrane Acetylation −0.501047 0
47 P17927 Complement receptor 1 38 8 230417 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid −0.320010 3
48 P10606 COX5B 64 178 13914 Mitochondrion membrane Acetylation −0.297674 0
49 Q7Z407 CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3 isoform 1 36 13 414007 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.260239 1
50 Q8IY37 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 37 40 4 130547 Unclear Unknown −0.415385 0
51 Q6IC98 Death-inducing-protein 49 14 66766 Mitochondrion membrane Phosphoprotein −0.431833 3
52 Q14185 Dedicator of cytokinesis 1 52 6 216208 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.430617 0
53 Q5VWQ8 Disabled homolog 2 interacting protein isoform 2 37 8 118547 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.578302 0
54 O75923 Dysferlin isoform 8 43 4 239254 Vesicle Phosphoprotein −0.400145 1
55 P22413 Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 36 6 107024 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.456000 1
56 Q8WYP5 ELYS transcription factor-like protein TMBS62 43 4 258191 Nuclear membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.448765 0
57 Q541P7 EPH receptor B4 precursor 35 4 109741 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.235562 2
58 Q15375 Ephrin receptor EphA7 55 10 113735 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.284268 2
59 Q15375 Ephrin receptor EphA7 variant 61 10 113994 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.284268 2
60 P54762 Ephrin receptor EphB1 precursor 45 20 111297 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.214431 2
61 P29323 Ephrin type-B receptor 2 36 11 119128 Plasma membrane Lipoprotein, Myristate,Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.293460 2
62 Q9NZJ5 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 48 11 126095 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.450717 2
63 Q16099 Excitatory amino acid receptor 1; kainate receptor subunit EAA1 41 9 108529 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.046653 4
64 Q86XX4 Extracellular matrix protein FRAS1 45 10 453936 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.295608 2
65 Q9NYQ8 FAT tumor suppressor 2 precursor 44 7 482097 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.249645 2
66 Q6V0I7 Fat-like cadherin FATJ protein 43 10 354108 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.262940 2
67 Q9NZM1 Fer-1 like protein 3 66 11 234737 Nuclear membrane, plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.456091 1
68 Q59F30 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 variant 38 5 114772 Unclear Unknown 0.017312 6
69 P42345 FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1 40 10 290759 Golgi membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.192586 0
70 Q9Y2I7 FYVE finger-containing phosphoinositide kinase 66 18 239581 Endosome membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.534366 0
71 Q86SQ6 G protein-coupled receptor 123 35 6 139868 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.317749 6
72 Q5T848 G protein-coupled receptor 158 53 8 136886 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Isopeptide bond, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation −0.480988 7
73 O75899 GABBR2 protein 42 5 100861 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.149734 8
74 Q14789 Giantin 44 13 377273 Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Phosphoprotein −0.936847 1
75 P42261 Glutamate receptor type 1 42 7 102270 Plasma membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.199227 5
76 Q9Y3R0 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 46 5 123203 Plasma membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Phosphoprotein −0.362500 0
77 Q14789 Golgi antigen gcp372 44 8 373440 Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Phosphoprotein −0.936847 1
78 Q08378 Golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 3 69 17 167765 Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.834781 0
79 Q08378 Golgin-160 57 16 167810 Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.834781 0
80 Q6PRD1 GPR158-like 1 receptor 54 11 260635 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.583101 7
81 Q8WXG9 G-protein coupled receptor 98 69 21 694181 Plasma membrane Unknown Too long 0
82 Q8IWJ2 GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing 2 isoform a 53 15 196873 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.918825 0
83 O15068 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS 37 4 129340 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.552067 0
84 P52272 Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M isoform a 44 13 77749 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation −0.341643 0
85 O43166 High-risk human papilloma viruses E6 oncoproteins targeted protein E6TP1 alpha; putative GAP protei 59 12 198570 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.671840 0
86 P35523 Human ClC-1 muscle chloride channel 37 7 109696 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.034919 11
87 Q14643 Human type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 43 8 309942 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.315448 6
88 Q9HCF6 Hypothetical protein 72 10 175211 Unclear Unknown −0.300924 6
89 Q9P1Z9 Hypothetical protein 43 14 199652 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.647996 2
90 A6NI73 Immunoglobulin-like transcript 11 protein 39 4 27186 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.267224 2
91 Q14571 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 50 6 311074 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.266755 7
92 Q6P9B9 Integrator complex subunit 5 38 5 109239 Nucleus membrane Phosphoprotein 0.109029 2
93 Q15811 Intersectin long form 40 7 196293 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.668043 0
94 Q9H4E7 IRF4-binding protein 48 7 74422 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.946435 0
95 Q92508 KIAA0233 50 17 234888 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein −0.002357 23
96 Q13023 KIAA0311 40 7 259702 Nucleus membrane Unknown −0.675982 0
97 Q96P48 KIAA0782 protein 45 4 145325 Plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.422553 0
98 Q9Y2H9 KIAA0973 protein 61 34 173192 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.569363 0
99 Q96RV3 KIAA0995 protein 42 7 109401 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.284538 13
100 Q9BZ29 KIAA1058 protein 42 7 241774 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.349204 0
101 Q5T848 KIAA1136 protein 49 11 66642 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Isopeptide bond, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation −0.480988 7
102 Q5T4S7 KIAA1307 protein 53 7 188524 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
103 Q9BZ72 KIAA1457 protein 43 11 151395 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.405561 0
104 Q9P1Z9 KIAA1529 protein 46 6 196058 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.647996 2
105 Q6KCM7 KIAA1896 protein 45 7 63937 Mitochondrial membrane Unknown −0.099147 0
106 Q16787 Laminin alpha 3 subunit isoform 1 45 7 375652 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.381368 0
107 P11047 Laminin B2 chain 54 7 183195 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.615042 0
108 Q9Y6N6 Laminin gamma 3 chain precursor 40 6 177756 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.465018 0
109 Q13449 LAMP 41 13 37798 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, GPI-anchor, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.278106 2
110 P42704 Leucine-rich PPR-motif containing protein 52 7 146306 Nuclear inner membrane Acetylation −0.206097 0
111 Q86UK5 Limbin 41 5 148825 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.445185 2
112 P50851 Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein 63 10 321639 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.201817 0
113 Q9HCF6 Long transient receptor potential channel 3 75 10 196157 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.300924 6
114 Q9NZR2 Low density lipoprotein receptor related protein-deleted in tumor 51 9 534844 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.489888 2
115 Q5JRA6 Melanoma inhibitory activity family, member 3 52 7 214255 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.887466 3
116 Q86UL8 Membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2 39 5 159454 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.668455 0
117 Q13421 Mesothelin 45 4 68652 Plasma membrane Cleavage on pair of basic residues, GPI-anchor, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein −0.105714 2
118 A1L467 Met proto-oncogene isoform b precursor 48 6 157779 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.144388 2
119 Q8IWA4 Mitofusin 1 precursor 38 10 84892 Mitochondrial membrane Unknown −0.267476 2
120 Q6UVY6 Monooxygenase X 36 9 63474 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.260848 2
121 Q8WXI7 Mucin 16 38 7 747071 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein Too long 1
122 O75970 Multiple PDZ domain protein 60 7 222792 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.233203 0
123 Q9NZM1 Myoferlin 42 6 231092 Vesicle membrane, nuclear membrane, plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.456091 1
124 B2RTY4 Myosin-IXa 54 9 294918 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.623980 0
125 Q8NFP9 Neurobeachin 53 6 330066 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.188358 2
126 P21359 Neurofibromin isoform 1 43 10 322760 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond,GPI-anchor, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein −0.136950 4
127 Q9H2E3 Neuropilin-2b(5) 53 6 102975 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.440066 2
128 Q13423 Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase 85 9 114564 Mitochondrial membrane Acetylation 0.299079 13
129 Q59GR1 Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 variant 36 5 145931 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.216447 13
130 Q13224 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR3 53 16 168067 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.388342 6
131 Q13813 Nonerythroid alpha-spectrin 59 7 284905 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.790330 0
132 Q9UM47 Notch homolog 3 43 8 256640 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.304826 3
133 Q5STG5 Notch homolog 4 (Drosophila) 51 7 221594 Unclear Unknown −0.287183 3
134 P46531 Notch1 preproprotein 38 11 286350 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.420119 3
135 Q92823 NrCAM protein 37 11 144138 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.379601 2
136 Q8WXH0 NUANCE 104 29 801683 Nuclear membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
137 Q5VU65 Nucleoporin 210 kDa-like isoform 1 43 10 211668 Unclear Glycoprotein 0.050265 3
138 Q13017 p190-B 45 6 173000 Unclear Nitration, Phosphoprotein −0.592345 0
139 Q5T4S7 p600 121 21 580607 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
140 O60245 PCDH7 (BH-Pcdh)c 40 4 130999 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.390365 2
141 Q9BXM0 Periaxin 59 8 155248 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.225736 0
142 O75747 Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing gamma polypeptide 38 9 167814 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.322423 1
143 O00443 Phosphoinositide 3-kinase 43 9 192271 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.302136 0
144 O00750 PI-3 kinase 46 5 184101 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.363037 0
145 Q6T4P5 Plasticity-related protein 2 43 12 79523 Membrane Glycoprotein −0.178273 6
146 O75051 Plexin A2 37 13 214220 Cell membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.181468 3
147 Q9Y4D7 Plexin-D1 48 9 215381 Cell membrane, Membrane Glycoprotein −0.159013 2
148 Q15142 Polycystic kidney disease-associated protein 57 5 396273 Integral to membrane Unknown 0.022760 14
149 Q8TDX9 Polycystin-1 L1 35 4 319453 Integral to membrane Glycoprotein −0.136856 7
150 P13942 Pro-a2(XI) 51 10 160545 Cell membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Sulfation −0.805186 0
151 P08123 Pro-alpha 2(I) collagen 51 9 129858 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation, Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid −0.648098 0
152 P02647 Proapolipoprotein 664 75 28944 Plasma membrane Glycation, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.717228 0
153 Q07954 Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 66 13 523119 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.510386 2
154 Q05655 Protein kinase C-delta 13 37 4 78624 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.377958 0
155 Q8TF72 Protein Shroom 3 41 8 218125 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.801652 0
156 Q96QU1 Protocadherin 15 59 13 217261 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.245473 2
157 Q96QU1 Protocadherin 15 isoform CD1-4 precursor 48 12 217303 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.245473 2
158 Q9UN70 Protocadherin 43 45 5 98230 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.261670 2
159 Q14517 Protocadherin Fat 1 52 9 509384 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.294946 2
160 Q9NYQ8 Protocadherin Fat 2 59 7 482172 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.249645 2
161 Q86V60 PTPRM protein 39 8 158434 Unclear Unknown −0.385540 1
162 Q8WZA2 RAPGEF4 protein 53 13 100339 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.333927 0
163 P23467 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta 50 26 225497 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.372159 2
164 Q13332 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S 43 9 218155 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.401798 2
165 Q86UR5 Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1 40 6 190154 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.922459 0
166 Q5T4S7 Retinoblastoma-associated factor 600 124 20 580547 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
167 Q5T5U3 Rho GTPase-activating protein 21 41 8 218567 Golgi apparatus membrane, vesicle membrane Phosphoprotein −0.827338 0
168 Q13464 Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 48 6 159102 Golgi apparatus membrane Unknown −0.909454 0
169 Q5T5U3 Rho-GTPase activating protein 10 41 5 218563 Golgi apparatus membrane, vesicle membrane Phosphoprotein −0.827338 0
170 Q5JTH9 Ribosomal RNA processing 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 56 9 145067 Nuclear membrane Phosphoprotein −0.225366 1
171 Q86UR5 RIM long form 48 7 164927 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.922459 0
172 P21817 Ryanodine receptor 1 61 11 55204 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.314300 7
173 Q92736 Ryanodine receptor 2 70 10 569626 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.324300 7
174 Q15413 Ryanodine receptor 3 71 24 557794 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein −0.278727 5
175 O15027 SEC16 homolog A 36 5 115891 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.606607 0
176 A4QN19 SEC16A protein 40 2 116196 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.606607 0
177 Q9H2E6 Sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6A 36 4 115608 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.448543 2
178 O94921 Serine/threonine protein kinase PFTAIRE-1 41 8 53609 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.470362 0
179 Q8NGB0 Seven transmembrane helix receptor 49 10 157779 Unclear Unknown −0.275069 6
180 Q9Y566 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 49 7 225738 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.539239 0
181 Q9UPX8 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 54 6 135115 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.608572 0
182 Q7Z5N4 Sidekick-like protein 1 39 4 242926 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.314144 1
183 P21817 Skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor 78 9 570517 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein, S-nitrosylation Too long 0
184 O94813 Slit homolog 2 47 13 175803 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.323414 0
185 O94813 SLIT2 40 7 175329 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.323414 0
186 Q9C0H9 SNAP-25-interacting protein 42 6 127182 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.644456 0
187 Q9Y6M7 Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter2 44 8 115215 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.130725 10
188 Q53ZR1 Solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 2 64 13 132048 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.069720 11
189 Q9HBR0 Solute carrier family 38, member 10 isoform b 40 5 84069 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.363718 11
190 Q9NRC6 Spectrin beta chain, brain 4 72 14 419259 Unclear Unknown −0.576588 0
191 Q01082 Spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform 1 variant 48 8 276797 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.766116 0
192 Q8WWQ8 Stabilin 2 precursor 57 9 288323 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Proteoglycan −0.268563 2
193 Q8WWQ8 Stabilin-2 46 9 288329 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Proteoglycan −0.268563 2
194 Q8IVL0 Steerin3 protein 37 5 256885 Nuclear membrane Phosphoprotein −0.638784 0
195 Q4LDE5 Sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1 52 10 401915 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.320528 1
196 Q9Y4G6 Talin-2 50 11 273723 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.218412 0
197 Q9H2K2 Tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase 2 41 4 128492 Golgi apparatus membrane ADP-ribosylation −0.317066 0
198 O60343 TBC1 domain family, member 4 36 5 148068 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.553083 1
199 Q15643 Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 11 38 7 228184 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.843506 0
200 P12270 Tpr 54 10 265840 Nuclear membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.968726 0
201 Q9BX84 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 variant c 79 20 232975 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.369882 5
202 Q8N6Q1 Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 5A 47 5 34495 Unclear Unknown −0.563888 1
203 O95271 TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase 47 12 143690 Golgi apparatus membrane ADP-ribosylation, Phosphoprotein −0.327506 0
204 Q15643 Trip230 92 12 228116 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.843506 0
205 Q9BX84 Truncated transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 variant a 57 13 224977 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.369882 5
206 Q8NFA0 Ubiquitin specific protease 32 47 8 183821 Unclear Lipoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Prenylation −0.474689 0
207 P55916 Uncoupling protein 3 isoform UCP3S 36 15 30219 Mitochondrion membrane Unknown 0.074679 0
208 P17927 Unnamed protein product 41 10 230401 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid −0.320010 3
209 P53420 Unnamed protein product 65 10 126774 Vesicle membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.659231 1
210 P11717 Unnamed protein product 48 14 281089 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.368528 3
211 Q6ZUB1 Unnamed protein product 36 10 158870 Unclear Glycoprotein −0.709205 1
212 O75110 Unnamed protein product 39 10 108198 Unclear Phosphoprotein 0.062178 9
213 Q9NRW7 Vacuolar protein sorting 41 6 65388 Endosome membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Unknown −0.310526 0
214 Q86Y38 Xylosyltransferase I 41 12 108357 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.540564 0
215 Q13433 Zinc transporter ZIP6 41 5 84685 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.421987 6
216 Q13439 256 kD golgin 59 9 256666 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −1.052981 0
217 Q8N1I0 Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 4 49 11 225206 Endomembrane Phosphoprotein −0.371464 0

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Prediction of transmembrane domains of identified membrane proteins.

Notes: Sequences of 217 membrane proteins indentified in human serum were processed by SOSUI prediction system for transmembrane domain (TMD) predictions. More than half (59.4%) of the identified membrane proteins have at least one TMD, and the rest (40.6%) with no TMD are membrane-associated proteins. The ordinate axis shows the protein number, whereas absciss axis shows the number of TMD.

Acknowledgments

The work was carried out at the National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology (NKLGT), Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST).

Footnotes

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PVC. Analysed the data: NTD. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: PVC, NTD. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: PVC, NTD. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: PVC, NTD. Jointly developed the structure and arguments for the paper: PVC, NTD. Made critical revisions and approved final version: PVC, NTD. All authors reviewed and approved of the final manuscript.

Funding

The work was funded by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED).

Competing Interests

The author declares no conflicts of interest

Disclosures and Ethics

As a requirement of publication author(s) have provided to the publisher signed confirmation of compliance with legal and ethical obligations including but not limited to the following: authorship and contributorship, conflicts of interest, privacy and confidentiality and (where applicable) protection of human and animal research subjects. The authors have read and confirmed their agreement with the ICMJE authorship and conflict of interest criteria. The authors have also confirmed that this article is unique and not under consideration or published in any other publication, and that they have permission from rights holders to reproduce any copyrighted material. Any disclosures are made in this section. The external blind peer reviewers report no conflicts of interest.

References

  • 1.Anderson NL, Polanski M, Peiper R, et al. The human plasma proteome: A nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004;3:311–26. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M300127-MCP200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Pernemalm M, Lewensohn R, Lehtiö J. Affinity prefractionation for MS-based plasma proteomics. Proteomics. 2009;9(6):1420–7. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200800377. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Pieper R, Gatlin CL, Makusky AJ, et al. The human serum proteome: Display of nearly 3700 chromatographically separated protein spots on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels and identification of 325 distinct proteins. Proteomics. 2003;3(7):1345–64. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200300449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Farrah T, Deutsch EW, Omenn GS, et al. A high-confidence human plasma proteome reference set with estimated concentrations in Peptide Atlas. Mol Cell Proteomics. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M110.006353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Hanash SM, Pitteri SJ, Faca VM. Mining the plasma proteome for cancer biomarkers. Nature. 2008;452(7187):571–9. doi: 10.1038/nature06916. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Hye A, Lynham S, Thambisetty M, et al. Proteome-based plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 2006;129(11):3042–50. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Marshall J, Kupchak P, Zhu W, et al. Processing of serum proteins underlies the mass spectral fingerprinting of myocardial infarction. J Proteome Res. 2003;2(4):361–72. doi: 10.1021/pr030003l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Stevens TJ, Arkin IT. Do more complex organisms have a greater proportion of membrane proteins in their genomes? Proteins. 2000;39(4):417–20. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(20000601)39:4<417::aid-prot140>3.0.co;2-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Wallin E, von Heijne G. Genome-wide analysis of integral membrane proteins from eubacterial, archaean and eukaryotic organisms. Protein Sci. 1998;7(4):1029–38. doi: 10.1002/pro.5560070420. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Wu CC, Yates JR. The application of mass spectrometry to membrane proteomics. Nat Biotechnol. 2003;21(3):262–7. doi: 10.1038/nbt0303-262. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Hopkins AL, Groom CR. The druggable genome. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2002;1(9):727–30. doi: 10.1038/nrd892. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Fagerberg L, Jonasson K, von Heijne G, et al. Prediction of the human membrane proteome. Proteomics. 2010;10(6):1141–9. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200900258. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Josic D, Clifton JG. Mammalian plasma membrane proteomics. Proteomics. 2007;7(16):3010–29. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200700139. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Santoni V, Molloy M, Rabilloud T. Membrane proteins and proteomics: Un amour impossible? Electrophoresis. 2000;21(6):1054–70. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000401)21:6<1054::AID-ELPS1054>3.0.CO;2-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Sprenger RR, Jensen ON. Proteomics and the dynamics plasma membrane: Quo Vadis? Proteomics. 2010;10(22):3997–011. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201000312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Peng L, Kapp EA, Fenyö D, et al. The Asia Oceania Human Proteome Organisation Membrane Proteomics Initiative. Preparation and characterisation of the carbonate-washed membrane standard. Proteomics. 2010;10(22):4142–8. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201000126. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Peng L, Kapp EA, McLauchlan D, et al. Characterization of the Asia Oceania Human Proteome Organisation Membrane Proteomics Initiative Standard using SDS-PAGE shotgun proteomics. Proteomics. 2011;11(22):4376–84. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201100169. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Liu X, Zhang M, Go VL, et al. Membrane proteomic analysis of pancreatic cancer cells. J Biomed Sci. 2010;17(1):17–74. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-74. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Nielsen PA, Olsen JV, Podtelejnikov AV, et al. Proteomic mapping of brain plasma membrane proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005;4(4):402–8. doi: 10.1074/mcp.T500002-MCP200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Hirokawa T, Boon-Chieng S, Mitaku S. SOSUI: classification and secondary structure prediction system for membrane proteins. Bioinformatics. 1998;14(4):378–9. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/14.4.378. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Da Cruz S Martinou JC. Purification and proteomic analysis of the mouse liver mitochondrial inner membrane. Methods Mol Biol. 2008;432:101–16. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-028-7_7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Cohen P. The role of protein phosphorylation in human health and disease. Eur J Biochem. 2001;268(19):5001–10. doi: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02473.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Wong CH. Protein glycosylation: new challenges and opportunities. J Org Chem. 2005;70(11):4219–25. doi: 10.1021/jo050278f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Durand G, Seta N. Protein glycosylation and diseases: blood and urinary oligosaccharides as markers for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Clin Chem. 2000;46(6):795–805. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Tian Y, Zhan H. Glycoproteomics and clinical applications. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2010;4(2):124–32. doi: 10.1002/prca.200900161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

Table 1.

List of identified membrane proteins in human serum.

No. Accession number Protein name Score Peptide match Molecular weight Subcellular location PTM Hydrophobicity value TMDs
1 Q8TC27 A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 32 43 5 90328 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.312452 2
2 Q9H2U9 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 7 35 9 88036 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.414589 2
3 Q9BZC7 ABC transporter ABCA2 61 16 272140 Membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.065216 14
4 Q8IZY2 ABC transporter ABCA7 46 6 236328 Plasma membrane, Endosome membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein 0.055080 12
5 Q99758 ABC3 41 23 192862 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein 0.089026 13
6 P00519 Abl protein 46 3 123852 Nucleus membrane Lipoprotein, Myristate, Phosphoprotein −0.597169 0
7 O00763 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 60 6 281569 Endomembrane Phosphoprotein −0.227218 1
8 O00763 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 54 6 278361 Endomembrane Phosphoprotein −0.227218 1
9 O14617 Adapter-related protein complex 3 delta 1 subunit variant 62 9 145094 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.491761 1
10 O95996 Adenomatosis polyposis coli 2 49 24 245966 Golgi apparatus membrane Unknown −0.529135 0
11 Q13813 Alpha II spectrin 70 17 285689 Extracellular space Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.790330 0
12 P02763 Alpha-1-acid Glycoprotein 1 precursor 90 37 23579 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.535821 1
13 Q9UHC3 Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 3 isoform c 48 8 61376 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.265348 2
14 Q07837 Amino acid transport protein 56 11 79240 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.441082 1
15 Q07075 Aminopeptidase A 50 15 109689 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.390491 1
16 Q5Y190 Anchor protein 53 7 458487 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.188033 20
17 Q96Q91 Anion exchanger AE4 47 4 105149 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein 0.143947 11
18 Q9P2R3 ANKHZN 54 7 129534 Endosome membrane Acetylation −0.154490 0
19 P02647 Apolipoprotein A-I preproprotein 245 45 30759 Plasma membrane Glycation, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.717228 0
20 Q12797 Aspartyl(asparaginyl)beta-hydroxylase; HAAH 42 3 86294 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.788128 1
21 Q86UQ4 ATP binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 13 50 12 580524 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.010508 14
22 Q96J66 ATP-binding cassette protein C11 isoform A 40 18 151566 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein 0.191607 12
23 Q96J66 ATP-binding cassette transporter MRP8 47 5 155872 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein 0.191607 12
24 Q9HC28 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 2 isoform b 77 39 275244 Lysosome membrane Unknown −0.064204 14
25 Q92887 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 36 68 175237 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein 0.091068 13
26 Q9UMD9 Autoantigen 55 8 154929 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation, Phosphoprotein −0.573080 1
27 Q13563 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type II protein 47 4 110462 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein −0.328512 8
28 P50851 Beige-like protein; CDC4L protein 57 18 320076 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.201817 0
29 Q76KP1 Beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 4 39 10 116954 Golgi apparatus membrane Glycoprotein −0.597691 0
30 Q01082 Beta-spectrin 43 10 275259 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.766116 0
31 Q01082 Beta-spectrin 2 isoform 2 39 8 251948 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.766116 0
32 Q15413 Brain ryanodine receptor 73 24 556937 Endoplasmic reticulum Glycoprotein −0.278727 5
33 O14514 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 51 14 176900 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.311806 8
34 O60241 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 2 70 11 174738 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.211924 9
35 O60242 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 59 7 176123 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.211863 9
36 Q9HCU4 Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 44 7 322214 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation −0.270751 8
37 Q9NYQ7 Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 51 10 362937 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation −0.271258 8
38 Q9H251 Cadherin-23 74 6 370095 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.142278 2
39 Q59FJ3 Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit 49 8 264553 Unclear Unknown −0.264964 12
40 Q9HCF6 Calcium-permeable store-operated channel TRPM3b 72 11 180008 Unclear Unknown −0.302195 6
41 Q08499 cAMP-specific phoshodiesterase HPDE4D3 variant 42 6 76872 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.674043 0
42 Q96P48 Centaurin delta 2 isoform a variant 41 9 166159 Plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, Membrane Phosphoprotein −0.422553 0
43 Q15700 Channel associated protein of synapse 35 8 97896 Plasma membrane Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.519310 0
44 Q96QT4 Channel-kinase 1 65 11 214583 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.270456 6
45 P51788 Chloride channel protein 2 41 8 99402 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.132517 11
46 P00751 Complement factor B preproprotein 175 13 86847 Plasma membrane Acetylation −0.501047 0
47 P17927 Complement receptor 1 38 8 230417 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid −0.320010 3
48 P10606 COX5B 64 178 13914 Mitochondrion membrane Acetylation −0.297674 0
49 Q7Z407 CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3 isoform 1 36 13 414007 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.260239 1
50 Q8IY37 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 37 40 4 130547 Unclear Unknown −0.415385 0
51 Q6IC98 Death-inducing-protein 49 14 66766 Mitochondrion membrane Phosphoprotein −0.431833 3
52 Q14185 Dedicator of cytokinesis 1 52 6 216208 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.430617 0
53 Q5VWQ8 Disabled homolog 2 interacting protein isoform 2 37 8 118547 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.578302 0
54 O75923 Dysferlin isoform 8 43 4 239254 Vesicle Phosphoprotein −0.400145 1
55 P22413 Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 36 6 107024 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.456000 1
56 Q8WYP5 ELYS transcription factor-like protein TMBS62 43 4 258191 Nuclear membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.448765 0
57 Q541P7 EPH receptor B4 precursor 35 4 109741 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.235562 2
58 Q15375 Ephrin receptor EphA7 55 10 113735 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.284268 2
59 Q15375 Ephrin receptor EphA7 variant 61 10 113994 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.284268 2
60 P54762 Ephrin receptor EphB1 precursor 45 20 111297 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.214431 2
61 P29323 Ephrin type-B receptor 2 36 11 119128 Plasma membrane Lipoprotein, Myristate,Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.293460 2
62 Q9NZJ5 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 48 11 126095 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.450717 2
63 Q16099 Excitatory amino acid receptor 1; kainate receptor subunit EAA1 41 9 108529 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.046653 4
64 Q86XX4 Extracellular matrix protein FRAS1 45 10 453936 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.295608 2
65 Q9NYQ8 FAT tumor suppressor 2 precursor 44 7 482097 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.249645 2
66 Q6V0I7 Fat-like cadherin FATJ protein 43 10 354108 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.262940 2
67 Q9NZM1 Fer-1 like protein 3 66 11 234737 Nuclear membrane, plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.456091 1
68 Q59F30 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 variant 38 5 114772 Unclear Unknown 0.017312 6
69 P42345 FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1 40 10 290759 Golgi membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.192586 0
70 Q9Y2I7 FYVE finger-containing phosphoinositide kinase 66 18 239581 Endosome membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.534366 0
71 Q86SQ6 G protein-coupled receptor 123 35 6 139868 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.317749 6
72 Q5T848 G protein-coupled receptor 158 53 8 136886 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Isopeptide bond, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation −0.480988 7
73 O75899 GABBR2 protein 42 5 100861 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.149734 8
74 Q14789 Giantin 44 13 377273 Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Phosphoprotein −0.936847 1
75 P42261 Glutamate receptor type 1 42 7 102270 Plasma membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.199227 5
76 Q9Y3R0 Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 46 5 123203 Plasma membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Phosphoprotein −0.362500 0
77 Q14789 Golgi antigen gcp372 44 8 373440 Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Phosphoprotein −0.936847 1
78 Q08378 Golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 3 69 17 167765 Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.834781 0
79 Q08378 Golgin-160 57 16 167810 Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.834781 0
80 Q6PRD1 GPR158-like 1 receptor 54 11 260635 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.583101 7
81 Q8WXG9 G-protein coupled receptor 98 69 21 694181 Plasma membrane Unknown Too long 0
82 Q8IWJ2 GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing 2 isoform a 53 15 196873 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.918825 0
83 O15068 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS 37 4 129340 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.552067 0
84 P52272 Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M isoform a 44 13 77749 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation −0.341643 0
85 O43166 High-risk human papilloma viruses E6 oncoproteins targeted protein E6TP1 alpha; putative GAP protei 59 12 198570 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.671840 0
86 P35523 Human ClC-1 muscle chloride channel 37 7 109696 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.034919 11
87 Q14643 Human type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 43 8 309942 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.315448 6
88 Q9HCF6 Hypothetical protein 72 10 175211 Unclear Unknown −0.300924 6
89 Q9P1Z9 Hypothetical protein 43 14 199652 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.647996 2
90 A6NI73 Immunoglobulin-like transcript 11 protein 39 4 27186 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.267224 2
91 Q14571 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 50 6 311074 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.266755 7
92 Q6P9B9 Integrator complex subunit 5 38 5 109239 Nucleus membrane Phosphoprotein 0.109029 2
93 Q15811 Intersectin long form 40 7 196293 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.668043 0
94 Q9H4E7 IRF4-binding protein 48 7 74422 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.946435 0
95 Q92508 KIAA0233 50 17 234888 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein −0.002357 23
96 Q13023 KIAA0311 40 7 259702 Nucleus membrane Unknown −0.675982 0
97 Q96P48 KIAA0782 protein 45 4 145325 Plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.422553 0
98 Q9Y2H9 KIAA0973 protein 61 34 173192 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.569363 0
99 Q96RV3 KIAA0995 protein 42 7 109401 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.284538 13
100 Q9BZ29 KIAA1058 protein 42 7 241774 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.349204 0
101 Q5T848 KIAA1136 protein 49 11 66642 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Isopeptide bond, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugation −0.480988 7
102 Q5T4S7 KIAA1307 protein 53 7 188524 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
103 Q9BZ72 KIAA1457 protein 43 11 151395 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.405561 0
104 Q9P1Z9 KIAA1529 protein 46 6 196058 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.647996 2
105 Q6KCM7 KIAA1896 protein 45 7 63937 Mitochondrial membrane Unknown −0.099147 0
106 Q16787 Laminin alpha 3 subunit isoform 1 45 7 375652 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.381368 0
107 P11047 Laminin B2 chain 54 7 183195 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.615042 0
108 Q9Y6N6 Laminin gamma 3 chain precursor 40 6 177756 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.465018 0
109 Q13449 LAMP 41 13 37798 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, GPI-anchor, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.278106 2
110 P42704 Leucine-rich PPR-motif containing protein 52 7 146306 Nuclear inner membrane Acetylation −0.206097 0
111 Q86UK5 Limbin 41 5 148825 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.445185 2
112 P50851 Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein 63 10 321639 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.201817 0
113 Q9HCF6 Long transient receptor potential channel 3 75 10 196157 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.300924 6
114 Q9NZR2 Low density lipoprotein receptor related protein-deleted in tumor 51 9 534844 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.489888 2
115 Q5JRA6 Melanoma inhibitory activity family, member 3 52 7 214255 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.887466 3
116 Q86UL8 Membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2 39 5 159454 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.668455 0
117 Q13421 Mesothelin 45 4 68652 Plasma membrane Cleavage on pair of basic residues, GPI-anchor, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein −0.105714 2
118 A1L467 Met proto-oncogene isoform b precursor 48 6 157779 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.144388 2
119 Q8IWA4 Mitofusin 1 precursor 38 10 84892 Mitochondrial membrane Unknown −0.267476 2
120 Q6UVY6 Monooxygenase X 36 9 63474 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.260848 2
121 Q8WXI7 Mucin 16 38 7 747071 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein Too long 1
122 O75970 Multiple PDZ domain protein 60 7 222792 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.233203 0
123 Q9NZM1 Myoferlin 42 6 231092 Vesicle membrane, nuclear membrane, plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.456091 1
124 B2RTY4 Myosin-IXa 54 9 294918 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.623980 0
125 Q8NFP9 Neurobeachin 53 6 330066 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.188358 2
126 P21359 Neurofibromin isoform 1 43 10 322760 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond,GPI-anchor, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein −0.136950 4
127 Q9H2E3 Neuropilin-2b(5) 53 6 102975 Plasma membrane Unknown −0.440066 2
128 Q13423 Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase 85 9 114564 Mitochondrial membrane Acetylation 0.299079 13
129 Q59GR1 Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 variant 36 5 145931 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.216447 13
130 Q13224 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR3 53 16 168067 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.388342 6
131 Q13813 Nonerythroid alpha-spectrin 59 7 284905 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.790330 0
132 Q9UM47 Notch homolog 3 43 8 256640 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.304826 3
133 Q5STG5 Notch homolog 4 (Drosophila) 51 7 221594 Unclear Unknown −0.287183 3
134 P46531 Notch1 preproprotein 38 11 286350 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.420119 3
135 Q92823 NrCAM protein 37 11 144138 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.379601 2
136 Q8WXH0 NUANCE 104 29 801683 Nuclear membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
137 Q5VU65 Nucleoporin 210 kDa-like isoform 1 43 10 211668 Unclear Glycoprotein 0.050265 3
138 Q13017 p190-B 45 6 173000 Unclear Nitration, Phosphoprotein −0.592345 0
139 Q5T4S7 p600 121 21 580607 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
140 O60245 PCDH7 (BH-Pcdh)c 40 4 130999 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.390365 2
141 Q9BXM0 Periaxin 59 8 155248 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.225736 0
142 O75747 Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing gamma polypeptide 38 9 167814 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.322423 1
143 O00443 Phosphoinositide 3-kinase 43 9 192271 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.302136 0
144 O00750 PI-3 kinase 46 5 184101 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.363037 0
145 Q6T4P5 Plasticity-related protein 2 43 12 79523 Membrane Glycoprotein −0.178273 6
146 O75051 Plexin A2 37 13 214220 Cell membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.181468 3
147 Q9Y4D7 Plexin-D1 48 9 215381 Cell membrane, Membrane Glycoprotein −0.159013 2
148 Q15142 Polycystic kidney disease-associated protein 57 5 396273 Integral to membrane Unknown 0.022760 14
149 Q8TDX9 Polycystin-1 L1 35 4 319453 Integral to membrane Glycoprotein −0.136856 7
150 P13942 Pro-a2(XI) 51 10 160545 Cell membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Sulfation −0.805186 0
151 P08123 Pro-alpha 2(I) collagen 51 9 129858 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Hydroxylation, Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid −0.648098 0
152 P02647 Proapolipoprotein 664 75 28944 Plasma membrane Glycation, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, Palmitate, Phosphoprotein −0.717228 0
153 Q07954 Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 66 13 523119 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.510386 2
154 Q05655 Protein kinase C-delta 13 37 4 78624 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.377958 0
155 Q8TF72 Protein Shroom 3 41 8 218125 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.801652 0
156 Q96QU1 Protocadherin 15 59 13 217261 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.245473 2
157 Q96QU1 Protocadherin 15 isoform CD1-4 precursor 48 12 217303 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.245473 2
158 Q9UN70 Protocadherin 43 45 5 98230 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein −0.261670 2
159 Q14517 Protocadherin Fat 1 52 9 509384 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.294946 2
160 Q9NYQ8 Protocadherin Fat 2 59 7 482172 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.249645 2
161 Q86V60 PTPRM protein 39 8 158434 Unclear Unknown −0.385540 1
162 Q8WZA2 RAPGEF4 protein 53 13 100339 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.333927 0
163 P23467 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta 50 26 225497 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.372159 2
164 Q13332 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S 43 9 218155 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.401798 2
165 Q86UR5 Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1 40 6 190154 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.922459 0
166 Q5T4S7 Retinoblastoma-associated factor 600 124 20 580547 Unclear Acetylation, Phosphoprotein Too long 0
167 Q5T5U3 Rho GTPase-activating protein 21 41 8 218567 Golgi apparatus membrane, vesicle membrane Phosphoprotein −0.827338 0
168 Q13464 Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 48 6 159102 Golgi apparatus membrane Unknown −0.909454 0
169 Q5T5U3 Rho-GTPase activating protein 10 41 5 218563 Golgi apparatus membrane, vesicle membrane Phosphoprotein −0.827338 0
170 Q5JTH9 Ribosomal RNA processing 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 56 9 145067 Nuclear membrane Phosphoprotein −0.225366 1
171 Q86UR5 RIM long form 48 7 164927 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.922459 0
172 P21817 Ryanodine receptor 1 61 11 55204 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.314300 7
173 Q92736 Ryanodine receptor 2 70 10 569626 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.324300 7
174 Q15413 Ryanodine receptor 3 71 24 557794 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Glycoprotein −0.278727 5
175 O15027 SEC16 homolog A 36 5 115891 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.606607 0
176 A4QN19 SEC16A protein 40 2 116196 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.606607 0
177 Q9H2E6 Sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM), and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6A 36 4 115608 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.448543 2
178 O94921 Serine/threonine protein kinase PFTAIRE-1 41 8 53609 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.470362 0
179 Q8NGB0 Seven transmembrane helix receptor 49 10 157779 Unclear Unknown −0.275069 6
180 Q9Y566 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 49 7 225738 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.539239 0
181 Q9UPX8 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 54 6 135115 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.608572 0
182 Q7Z5N4 Sidekick-like protein 1 39 4 242926 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.314144 1
183 P21817 Skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor 78 9 570517 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein, S-nitrosylation Too long 0
184 O94813 Slit homolog 2 47 13 175803 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.323414 0
185 O94813 SLIT2 40 7 175329 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.323414 0
186 Q9C0H9 SNAP-25-interacting protein 42 6 127182 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.644456 0
187 Q9Y6M7 Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter2 44 8 115215 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.130725 10
188 Q53ZR1 Solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporters), member 2 64 13 132048 Plasma membrane Unknown 0.069720 11
189 Q9HBR0 Solute carrier family 38, member 10 isoform b 40 5 84069 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.363718 11
190 Q9NRC6 Spectrin beta chain, brain 4 72 14 419259 Unclear Unknown −0.576588 0
191 Q01082 Spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform 1 variant 48 8 276797 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.766116 0
192 Q8WWQ8 Stabilin 2 precursor 57 9 288323 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Proteoglycan −0.268563 2
193 Q8WWQ8 Stabilin-2 46 9 288329 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Proteoglycan −0.268563 2
194 Q8IVL0 Steerin3 protein 37 5 256885 Nuclear membrane Phosphoprotein −0.638784 0
195 Q4LDE5 Sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1 52 10 401915 Unclear Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.320528 1
196 Q9Y4G6 Talin-2 50 11 273723 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.218412 0
197 Q9H2K2 Tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase 2 41 4 128492 Golgi apparatus membrane ADP-ribosylation −0.317066 0
198 O60343 TBC1 domain family, member 4 36 5 148068 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.553083 1
199 Q15643 Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 11 38 7 228184 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −0.843506 0
200 P12270 Tpr 54 10 265840 Nuclear membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.968726 0
201 Q9BX84 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 variant c 79 20 232975 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.369882 5
202 Q8N6Q1 Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 5A 47 5 34495 Unclear Unknown −0.563888 1
203 O95271 TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase 47 12 143690 Golgi apparatus membrane ADP-ribosylation, Phosphoprotein −0.327506 0
204 Q15643 Trip230 92 12 228116 Unclear Phosphoprotein −0.843506 0
205 Q9BX84 Truncated transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 variant a 57 13 224977 Plasma membrane Phosphoprotein −0.369882 5
206 Q8NFA0 Ubiquitin specific protease 32 47 8 183821 Unclear Lipoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Prenylation −0.474689 0
207 P55916 Uncoupling protein 3 isoform UCP3S 36 15 30219 Mitochondrion membrane Unknown 0.074679 0
208 P17927 Unnamed protein product 41 10 230401 Plasma membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid −0.320010 3
209 P53420 Unnamed protein product 65 10 126774 Vesicle membrane Acetylation, Phosphoprotein −0.659231 1
210 P11717 Unnamed protein product 48 14 281089 Plasma membrane Acetylation, Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.368528 3
211 Q6ZUB1 Unnamed protein product 36 10 158870 Unclear Glycoprotein −0.709205 1
212 O75110 Unnamed protein product 39 10 108198 Unclear Phosphoprotein 0.062178 9
213 Q9NRW7 Vacuolar protein sorting 41 6 65388 Endosome membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Unknown −0.310526 0
214 Q86Y38 Xylosyltransferase I 41 12 108357 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein −0.540564 0
215 Q13433 Zinc transporter ZIP6 41 5 84685 Plasma membrane Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein −0.421987 6
216 Q13439 256 kD golgin 59 9 256666 Golgi apparatus membrane Phosphoprotein −1.052981 0
217 Q8N1I0 Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 4 49 11 225206 Endomembrane Phosphoprotein −0.371464 0

Articles from Proteomics Insights are provided here courtesy of SAGE Publications

RESOURCES