| Calof et al. |
2005 |
Meta-Analysis |
644 |
TST in men with no hx of PCa |
Rates of PCa, PSA >4 ng/ml, and biopsies were higher in the TST group than in placebo although differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Higher incidence of hematocrit >50% in TST group. The frequency of CV events, sleep apnea or death was not significantly different between the two groups. |
| Shabsigh et al. |
2009 |
Systematic Review |
2292 |
Various |
No studies demonstrated that TST increased PCa risk or increased Gleason grade in treated vs untreated men. TST did not have a consistent effect on PSA. |
| Morgentaler et al. |
2011 |
Retrospective case series |
13 |
TST in men with untreated Pca |
Mean serum total testosterone increased from 238 to 664 with no significant change in PSA or prostate volume. Biopsies in 2 men suggested upgrading. Repeat biopsy in one man and a prostatectomy in another indicated no progression. No local progression or distant disease. |
| Morales |
2011 |
Retrospective case series |
7 |
TST in men with untreated Pca |
Unpredictable, variable increase in PSA with TST. Interruption of TST invariably decreased PSA to pre-therapy levels. |
| Morgentaler |
2009 |
Case report |
1 |
TST in a man with untreated Pca |
Overall decline in PSA after receiving TST for 2 years. No clinical progression of disease noted. |
| Rhoden & Morgentaler |
2003 |
Retrospective case series |
75 |
TST in men with and without high grade PIN |
PSA similar at baseline and 12 mo after TST in men with and without PIN. One man in the PIN+ group was found to have cancer on biopsy after abnormal DRE. |
| Sarosdy |
2007 |
Retrospective case study |
31 |
TST in men after brachytherapy for early prostate cancer |
None showed recurrence or progression of prostate cancer. PSA < 1 in all patients. |
| Morales et al |
2009 |
Prospective case study |
5 |
TST in men after external beam radiotherapy |
One of five patients had transitory increase in PSA after a mean follow-up of 14.5 months. None had PSA levels > 1.5 ng/ml. Mean serum testosterone and improvement in hypgonadal symptoms increased significantly. |
| Pastuszak et al. |
2013 |
Retrospective case series |
13 |
TST after radiation therapy for Pca |
At median follow-up of 29.7 months after initiating TST, a significant increase in mean testosterone and SHBG with no significant increases in hemoglobin hematocrit PSA. No significant increases in PSA or cancer recurrences observed at any follow-up interval. |
| Pastuszak et al. |
2013 |
Retrospective case series |
103 |
TST in men after radical prostatectomy |
At median follow-up of 27.5 months, significant increases in testosterone and PSA in both high risk and non-high risk prostate cancer groups. Referrals to radiation oncology or subsequent salvage therapy more frequent in reference control group. Significantly increased number of T3b tumors in reference group vs TST group. |
| Agarwal & Oefelein |
2005 |
Retrospective case series |
10 |
TST in men after radical prostatectomy |
At median followup of 19 months, all patients had PSA < 0.1 with statistically significant improvements in serum testosterone and hypogonadal symptoms. |
| Kaufman & Graydon |
2004 |
Retrospective case series |
7 |
TST in men after radical prostatectomy |
No biochemical or clinical evidence of cancer recurrence. PSA remained < 0.1 in all patients. |
| Khera & Lipshultz |
2009 |
Retrospective case series |
57 |
TS\T in men after radical prostatectomy |
After a mean follow up of 13 months after initiation of TST after radical prostatectomy, no increases in PSA values were noted. |
