TABLE 1.
Regression Coefficients (SE) for Mental Health Problems Regressed on Child HIV Status, Child Reports, n = 683
| CES-DC | YSR-Anxiety/Internalizing | Conduct Problems | WHODAS-Child | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Intercept | 26.84** (1.20) | 15.53* (6.33) | 8.89 (5.68) | 0.54** (0.03) | −0.08 (0.15) | −0.23 (0.14) | 0.31** (0.04) | 0.51* (0.19) | 0.24 (0.18) | 13.36** (0.74) | −1.48 (3.98) | −5.97 (3.67) |
| HIV-positive | 2.65 (1.72) | 1.59 (1.72) | .-0.88 (1.67) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.05) | 1.58 (1.07) | 1.12 (1.08) | −0.84 (1.08) |
| HIV-affected | 5.66* (1.70) | 5.24* (1.66) | 2.06 (1.49) | 0.10* (0.04) | 0.09* (0.05) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.11* (0.05) | 0.11* (0.05) | 0.03 (0.05) | 3.23* (1.06) | 3.17* (1.05) | 1.19 (0.96) |
| Age | — | 0.99* (0.33) | 0.52 (0.30) | — | 0.01** (0.01) | 0.03*** (0.01) | — | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.0 (0.01) | — | 0.93 (0.21) | 0.67** (0.19) |
| Female | — | 1.92 (1.38) | 1.22 (1.21) | — | 0.09* (0.03) | 0.07* (0.03) | — | −0.06 (0.04) | −0.08* (0.04) | — | 1.19 (0.87) | 0.71 (0.78) |
| SES | — | −2.59** (0.70) | −1.07 (0.63) | — | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | — | −0.03 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | — | −0.43 (0.44) | 0.29 (0.41) |
| Education | — | −3.33 (2.52) | −2.56 (2.20) | — | −0.11 (0.06) | −0.08 (0.05) | — | −0.16* (0.07) | −0.14* (0.07) | — | 0.89 (1.59) | 0.99 (1.41) |
| Primary caregiver is mother | — | −3.03* (1.45) | −2.07 (1.29) | — | −0.06 (0.04) | −0.21 (0.03) | — | −0.07 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.04) | — | −0.58 (0.91) | 0.22 (0.83) |
| Parental death | — | — | 0.68 (1.41) | — | — | 0.03 (0.03) | — | — | −0.02 (0.04) | — | — | 1.94* (0.91) |
| Daily hardships | — | — | 1.09** (0.23) | — | — | 0.43** (0.07) | — | — | 0.01 (0.01) | — | — | 0.58** (0.15) |
| Social service access | — | — | −0.253 (1.09) | — | — | −0.04 (0.03) | — | — | 0.00 (0.03) | — | — | 0.63 (0.70) |
| Caregiver HSCL | — | — | 3.59** (0.99) | — | — | 0.05* (0.02) | — | — | 0.06 (0.03) | — | — | 1.65* (0.64) |
| Harsh punishment | — | — | 16.34** (2.94) | — | — | 0.43** (0.07) | — | — | 0.68*** (0.09) | — | — | 11.88** (1.90) |
| Stigma | — | — | 7.97** (1.32) | — | — | 0.22** (0.03) | — | — | 0.21*** (0.04) | — | — | 3.92** (0.85) |
| R2 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.26 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.25 |
| n | 681 | 679 | 666 | 681 | 679 | 666 | 681 | 679 | 666 | 681 | 678 | 666 |
***P < .001, **P < .01, *P < .05. HSCL, Hopkins Symptoms Checklist.