Table 1.

Amended converger/diverger distinguishing statement list (based on Hoppe (2009) and unpublished data, Lawton and Rudd)

No.	Statement	Conv./div.
1	Worthwhile policy ideas emerge from science, but scientists have no responsibility for disseminating the policy implications of their research among policy-advising bureaucrats and politicians	D
2	No matter their differences, science and politics eventually serve a similar function creating conditions for cooperation between people.	C
3	It is admirable that scientists translate political ideas into transparent models, and objectify them into measurable indicators	C
4	The client or principal defines what knowledge is relevant	C
5	It is only natural for bureaucrats to collaborate with scientists; after all, research is a link in the chain of policy implementation	C
6	There will always be a political struggle about values; and correspondingly, types of knowledge that align with, or deviate from political value systems	C
7	In public policy, learning is limited to instrumental, financial and organizational matters	D
8	Dealing with uncertainty primarily is a matter of thorough and honest political debate	C
9	Most of the time it is concepts, models or story lines originating in science that are the glue in agreement on policy development issues	C
10	It is in the nature of things that politics and science are incompatible activities	D
11	When the chips are down, lay and practitioners’ knowledge have less value than scientific knowledge; therefore, they deserve no standing at the policy table	D
12	Scientific experts and advisers are lawyers: their business is advocacy for political positions	D