Personal Health Care Expenditures by State, Selected Years 1966-1978

Abstract

In 1966, spending for personal health care in the U.S. was $39 billion. By 1978, these expenditures had grown to $166 billion. Among regions and states, different patterns and levels of spending emerged, along with different rates of growth. Some of the highlights from the accompanying report which pinpoint personal health care spending differences among regions and states are listed below.

• In 1978, $745 per person was spent for personal health care services within the U.S. Massachusetts led the nation in spending with $935 per person. The lowest spending for personal health—$521 per capita—occurred in South Carolina.

• Expenditures for hospital care ranged from a high of $490 per capita in Massachusetts to a low of $197 per capita in Idaho, with the U.S. expenditure level at $337 per person.

• Spending for physician services in 1978 was $161 per person nationwide. The highest level of spending—$238—was in California, and the lowest—$90—was in Vermont. Florida, with the largest proportion of aged residents in the U.S., registered expenditure levels of $208 per person for physician services. Despite a 29.5 percent increase nationwide in the number of physicians from 1969 to 1978, little change has occurred in the rank of states and regions in their physician-to-population concentrations.

• Minnesota led the nation in nursing home care expenditures, spending $126 per person for this service in 1978. Minnesota's high per capita spending for nursing home care correlates with its large number of nursing home beds per 65 years of age and over population. In 1978, the 96 beds per 1000 elderly residents which were maintained in Minnesota contrasted sharply with the 56 beds maintained per 1000 elderly residents nationwide.

• Personal health care expenditures per capita grew an average of 11.6 percent per year between 1966 and 1978. Growth was most dramatic in the Southeast, where expenditures per capita more than quadrupled, growing 12.6 percent per year. Mississippi registered an average annual growth rate of 14.0 percent to lead the region and the nation in rate of increase in per capita personal health care spending growth. The region with the smallest rate of increase in personal health expenditures per capita was the Rocky Mountain Region with an average annual growth of 10.4 percent between 1966 and 1978. Wyoming registered the slowest growth in personal health care expenditures per capita in that region and the nation, with 8.9 percent average annual growth.

• Expenditures for personal health care in states and regions have grown at different rates. However, when the effects of population and the changing age structure of a geographic area are removed, much of the variation disappears.

Introduction

Expenditures for personal health care include spending for such items as hospital care, physicians' services, dental services, drugs, eyeglasses and nursing home care. Levels of spending, growth in spending over time and the mix of services purchased with the health care dollar vary considerably among states and regions. This report presents estimates of personal health care spending by state for 1966, 1969, 1972 and 1976 through 1978 and examines some of the differences which exist in the spending patterns by geographic area.

During the 1966 to 1978 period, rapidly escalating prices in the medical sector, exceeding those of the overall Consumer Price Index, spawned many requests for data on personal health care spending by state. Policymakers concerned with cost containment, researchers examining alternative methods of delivering and financing health care, and health market analysts trying to locate the most fertile geographic areas for marketing their goods and services all viewed expenditures by state as a useful tool in their analysis.

National Health Expenditures (NHE) measure the costs of health care in the U.S. (Gibson and Waldo, 1981). The NHE accounts are constructed as a matrix which documents expenditure levels for medical services and goods and their sources of payment. In addition to medical services and goods which comprise personal health care, the NHE accounts include estimates of expenditures for public health programs, administration, research and construction of health facilities.

State expenditures for personal health care presented in this report are directly linked to the NHE. They use the same definitions, methods and data sources whenever possible (see “Definitions and Methodology”). These estimates attempt to fill the numerous requests of Federal, state and local governments as well as private industry for a set of state health expenditure estimates consistent in definition with the NHE series. The many state and local government agencies producing health care estimates for their areas attest to the demand for these estimates.

This report is confined to personal health care expenditures, such as spending for hospital care, physician services and drugs. A future report will outline the financing for these services by state. The scope of this article is limited to the presentation of the data base and some corollary data sets which should prove useful in evaluating the expenditure data. Some questions considered in current research are raised, and some methods of analyzing the data are suggested. More definitive analysis is beyond the resources currently available for this project.

In all cases, research into and testing of alternative data sources were undertaken to determine the best state distributor for an expenditure series. The final step in estimating each series was adjusting the distribution to equal the NHE service total.

To use the data effectively, the “Definitions and Methodology” section of this report should be consulted for an explanation of the limitations associated with the data used to estimate each set of service expenditures.

The data is presented by economic region and state. The economic regions are those developed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in the Department of Commerce and represent groups of economically interdependent states. These regional groupings were chosen instead of Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Administrative Regions and Census Regions because the analysis of economically interdependent areas should demonstrate stronger, more distinct regional spending patterns. For the convenience of the reader, Census Region totals are presented at the end of most tables. Appendix A lists the states which compose both economic and Census regions.

Data presented in this report represent expenditures for services by the location of the provider of service.¹ Per capita estimates are presented to permit comparison of levels of spending among states and regions, since they eliminate from the estimates the influence of population size and differential population growth.

Analysts should recognize, however, that these per capita estimates are calculated using place of service estimates and resident population. The interpretation of the per capita spending estimates would be the expenditure level of services rendered in a geographic area per resident population. The resident population may actually purchase additional services from other states; in addition, states may furnish services to residents of other states. The net flow among states of expenditures for personal health care services will either inflate or deflate the per capita expenditures of an area.

The major area where this flow is important is in the District of Columbia. As a major metropolitan area, it attracts a significant number of users of medical services and goods from Maryland and Virginia. As a result, all per capita estimates for the District of Columbia are significantly inflated; therefore, they are suppressed in this report to prevent inappropriate use. They are, however, included in all regional level estimates.

Within the text of this report, references to Appendix Tables will be omitted due to the frequency which the data contained in them is used. Tables A-1 through A-6 list total expenditures by service for 1966, 1969, 1972, and 1976 through 1978. Tables A-7 through A-12 contain the percentage distribution of personal health care expenditures among its component goods and services for the same years. Tables A-13 through A-21 present per capita expenditures by type of service for the same period.

National Trends

Between 1966 and 1978, personal health care expenditures grew from $39.2 billion to $165.5 billion, at an average annual rate of 12.8 percent. Coupled with this rapid growth has been a shift in the type of services purchased with the personal health care dollar. In 1966, 39.5 percent of personal health expenditures went for purchases of hospital services; by 1978, hospitals had garnered 45.2 percent. Similarly, nursing homes increased their share of personal health care spending, growing from 6.0 percent in 1966 to 9.2 percent in 1978.

Declines in shares of all other personal health services spending offset the increases in the hospital and nursing home shares. Drugs and drug sundries expenditures registered the largest decline over the 1966 through 1978 period. All other services showed moderate declines in their share of personal health care spending (Table 1).

Table 1. Services as a Percentage of Personal Health Care.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
Personal Health Care	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Hospital Care	39.5	42.1	43.6	45.3	45.4	45.2
Physicians' Services	23.4	22.5	21.6	21.1	21.6	21.6
Dental Services	7.6	7.5	7.1	7.2	7.1	7.1
Other Professional Services	3.0	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.5
Drugs and Medical Sundries	14.0	12.7	11.8	10.0	9.5	9.3
Eyeglasses and Appliances	3.4	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5
Nursing Home Care	6.0	6.8	8.1	8.7	8.9	9.2
Other Health Services	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.6

A change in the financing of personal health care occurred during this time period. The shift toward more institutionalized and expensive care in hospitals and nursing homes accompanied a shift in payment source away from direct consumer payments toward public sources. In 1966, out-of-pocket payments amounted to 49.2 percent of personal health expenditures; by 1978, it had dropped to 32.5 percent. Government financing, which in 1966 accounted for 25.7 percent of personal health care spending, reached 39.1 percent by 1978.

Public funding of hospital services accounted for a large portion of this change, growing from 44.2 percent to 54.3 percent over the twelve year period. The enactment of the Medicare program in 1966 was largely responsible for the increase. As the primary payer for hospital care for the elderly, Medicare financed 44.9 percent of the 1978 hospital care purchased with public funds.

The public financing of nursing home care underwent a similar spurt, growing from 40.3 percent of total nursing home care in 1966 to 55.4 percent in 1978. Of these public nursing home expenditures, 86.4 percent comes from the Medicaid program.

In 1966, public spending accounted for 9.3 percent of physicians' services. By 1978, the public share had grown to 25.7 percent. The Medicare and Medicaid programs together paid for over 80 percent of publicly financed physician services in 1978.

Medicare and Medicaid also prompted changes in expenditures for other professional services, including home health. In 1966, public programs paid for 5.1 percent of other professional services; by 1978, the public share had risen to 24.2 percent. Medicare's and Medicaid's share of these public expenditures increased from 68 percent in 1969 to over 82 percent in 1978.

Shifts away from direct, patient payments also occurred in dental expenditures. Consumers, who had paid directly for 95.4 percent of dental care in 1966, had reduced direct spending to 76.2 percent by 1978. Most of this decrease was offset by increases in private insurance benefit payments which rose from less than one percent in 1966 to 19.6 percent in 1978.

The consumer continued to be the primary payer for drugs and eyeglasses throughout the period. Private insurance, a subset of consumer payments, paid for increasing proportions of these items; by 1978, however, total payments for drugs and drug sundries by private insurance did not exceed 10 percent of the total drug expenditures and total payments for eyeglasses and appliances by private insurance did not exceed 4 percent of the total for that category.

Expenditures for Personal Health Care

In 1978, $745 per capita was spent for personal health care. Spending in the Far West Region topped $857 per person, while personal health care expenditures in the Southeast were the lowest in the nation at $636 per person.

From 1966 to 1972, the New England Region led the nation with the highest regional per capita personal health spending; by 1976, the Far West had surpassed New England, maintaining its lead through 1978. The lowest per capita personal health care spending occurred in the Southeast Region for the entire twelve year span. Slow growth in personal health spending in the Rocky Mountain Region has narrowed the gap between it and the Southeast Region.

Figure 1 highlights the range in per capita spending among states: the highest was Massachusetts with per capita expenditures of $935 and the lowest was South Carolina with spending of $521 per capita. Massachusetts recorded the highest per capita personal health care spending in the nation throughout the period, with the exception of 1966 when New York's per capita equalled that of Massachusetts. Mississippi, whose per capita spending was lowest in the nation through 1972, relinquished that role to South Carolina for 1976 through 1978.

Figure 1. Personal Health Care Spending Per Capita Calendar Year 1978.

Growth in Spending

Personal health care expenditures per capita grew an average of 11.6 percent per year between 1966 and 1978 (Table 3). Growth has been most dramatic in the Southeast, where expenditures per capita more than quadrupled, growing 12.6 percent per year. Mississippi registered an average annual growth rate of 14.0 percent to lead the region and the nation in per capita personal health care growth. The slowest growing region was the Rocky Mountain Region with an average annual growth of 10.4 percent. Wyoming registered the slowest growth in personal health care expenditures per capita in that region and the nation, with an 8.9 percent average annual growth.

Table 3. Average Annual Growth in Per Capita Personal Health Care Expenditures, 1966-1978.

U.S. Total	11.6	Southeast	12.6
		Alabama	13.1
		Arkansas	12.7
New England	11.2	Florida	12.5
Connecticut	11.0	Georgia	12.8
Maine	11.9	Kentucky	11.0
Massachusetts	11.5	Louisiana	12.5
New Hampshire	10.2	Mississippi	14.0
Rhode Island	11.2	North Carolina	12.2
Vermont	10.3	South Carolina	12.8
		Tennessee	12.4
Mideast	11.1	Virginia	12.7
Delaware	10.8	West Virginia	11.8
District of Columbia	12.0
Maryland	12.1	Southwest	11.7
New Jersey	11.3	Arizona	11.4
New York	10.7	New Mexico	11.3
Pennsylvania	11.7	Oklahoma	11.3
		Texas	11.9
Great Lakes	11.6
Illinois	11.3	Rocky Mountain	10.4
Indiana	11.6	Colorado	9.8
Michigan	11.7	Idaho	11.3
Ohio	11.8	Montana	11.6
Wisconsin	11.7	Utah	10.9
		Wyoming	8.9
Plains	11.7
Iowa	11.5	Far West	11.5
Kansas	12.3	California	11.6
Minnesota	10.7	Nevada	12.8
Missouri	12.2	Oregon	11.6
Nebraska	11.8	Washington	10.4
North Dakota	12.4
South Dakota	11.6	Alaska	10.3
		Hawaii	11.1

When per capita personal health care estimates by state are divided by the U.S. per capita, the resulting percentages show a pattern of convergence toward the U.S. per capita over the twelve year period (Table 4, Figure 2). The majority of states showed this pattern indicating that variations in health spending levels are narrowing among most states and regions. The most notable exception to this pattern is in the Rocky Mountain Region: in 1966, it was 97.9 percent of the U.S. personal health care per capita; by 1978, it had sunk to 86.0 percent.

Table 4. Expenditures Pet Capita for Personal Health Care as a Percentage of the U.S. Average.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
New England	117.0	117.7	115.3	113.3	112.6	112.4
Connecticut	118.2	118.4	115.0	111.7	111.5	111.0
Maine	85.4	85.8	86.6	89.7	89.7	88.9
Massachusetts	126.6	129.3	127.9	125.6	125.3	125.4
New Hampshire	94.1	87.9	85.9	83.5	81.0	81.1
Rhode Island	115.2	112.4	107.5	110.7	109.4	110.4
Vermont	96.5	96.7	92.1	88.3	85.3	84.5
Mideast	112.7	113.7	111.1	110.1	108.3	107.6
Delaware	104.8	103.4	100.0	98.5	97.5	96.9
District of Columbia
Maryland	94.6	96.9	101.8	100.1	98.6	99.8
New Jersey	96.4	94.8	93.5	95.8	95.8	93.8
New York	126.8	128.8	123.8	122.8	118.0	115.2
Pennsylvania	99.7	99.5	97.6	97.3	98.7	101.5
Great Lakes	101.4	99.4	100.0	100.4	100.9	101.8
Illinois	109.2	106.9	106.8	104.4	104.5	106.2
Indiana	89.7	89.1	88.5	89.2	90.3	90.1
Michigan	106.0	103.2	103.8	104.8	106.1	107.6
Ohio	96.7	94.0	94.8	98.0	98.0	99.0
Wisconsin	97.6	98.5	101.2	101.1	100.5	99.5
Plains	99.7	97.3	97.0	98.7	99.8	101.1
Iowa	97.9	94.5	92.5	92.4	95.1	97.1
Kansas	95.2	94.6	99.1	100.0	101.0	102.8
Minnesota	108.4	103.4	101.6	100.8	100.2	99.0
Missouri	98.8	97.9	96.2	101.6	103.6	106.0
Nebraska	97.0	95.6	97.7	98.2	97.2	99.0
North Dakota	96.4	96.3	96.7	103.9	105.9	105.8
South Dakota	89.1	85.1	86.5	85.8	87.3	89.6
Southeast	76.5	78.0	81.6	84.6	85.3	85.3
Alabama	72.4	74.9	79.5	83.8	84.9	85.0
Arkansas	69.9	70.1	74.9	78.8	78.7	78.5
Florida	93.1	94.9	99.0	104.4	104.4	102.8
Georgia	75.6	78.2	85.4	85.2	86.6	86.6
Kentucky	77.4	77.9	75.5	73.2	72.9	72.8
Louisiana	77.8	80.1	84.6	84.5	85.3	86.0
Mississippi	57.4	58.2	64.3	71.2	72.9	74.6
North Carolina	72.0	72.9	74.2	76.3	76.5	77.3
South Carolina	61.4	64.2	65.0	70.1	70.5	69.9
Tennessee	82.6	82.5	85.1	88.3	90.4	90.5
Virginia	75.0	75.5	78.8	82.2	83.6	84.2
West Virginia	80.1	80.8	83.2	83.5	82.5	82.0
Southwest	88.8	89.5	89.9	90.7	90.2	90.1
Arizona	96.0	97.1	98.9	96.8	93.8	93.7
New Mexico	77.9	76.0	74.0	76.0	75.2	76.1
Oklahoma	91.6	94.2	92.3	89.2	89.2	89.1
Texas	88.0	88.4	89.3	91.3	91.2	90.9
Rocky Mountain	97.9	94.0	90.5	87.4	86.9	86.0
Colorado	117.9	112.0	104.0	100.1	98.1	97.2
Idaho	76.3	74.7	77.0	75.0	76.2	74.3
Montana	86.6	83.3	85.3	83.7	86.3	86.6
Utah	80.4	76.8	75.4	75.8	74.9	74.6
Wyoming	98.3	94.1	86.7	74.9	75.1	73.9
Far West	116.3	116.5	116.5	114.2	115.4	115.0
California	120.4	121.4	122.4	120.2	121.5	121.4
Nevada	97.8	100.0	102.8	109.3	111.0	111.1
Oregon	97.7	97.1	95.7	97.2	98.7	97.7
Washington	108.7	105.3	102.5	95.6	96.4	95.2
Alaska	112.9	101.0	88.2	97.7	99.6	98.6
Hawaii	104.8	107.4	103.7	98.9	100.6	99.8
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	117.0	117.7	115.3	113.3	112.6	112.4
Middle Atlantic	112.4	113.0	109.6	109.3	107.4	106.5
East North Central	101.4	99.4	100.0	100.4	100.9	101.8
West North Central	99.7	97.3	97.0	98.7	99.8	101.1
South Atlantic	84.4	86.5	90.0	91.5	91.7	91.6
East South Central	74.1	75.1	77.6	80.3	81.5	81.8
West South Central	84.7	85.8	87.4	88.5	88.6	88.6
Mountain	94.9	92.8	91.1	89.7	88.7	88.3
Pacific	116.6	116.8	116.8	114.3	115.5	115.1

Figure 2. Expenditures Per Capita for Personal Health Care as a Percentage of the U.S. Average.

Expenditures for Hospital Care

Hospital expenditures represent the single largest component of personal health care spending. In 1966, 39.5 percent of each personal health care dollar went for hospital care; by 1978, it had risen to 45.2 percent.

Variations in the proportion of personal health care expenditures spent for hospital care exist among regions and states. At one extreme, the Mideast and New England spent over 48 percent of every personal health care dollar on hospital care in 1978, while the Far West spent only 40 percent. The two states with the greatest proportion of health care expenditures devoted to hospital care are Massachusetts and West Virginia: at least 52 percent of every health care dollar went for hospital care. At the opposite extreme, Idaho, Washington and Oregon spent less than 37 percent of each dollar for hospital care.

Throughout the twelve year span, the New England Region and the state of Massachusetts recorded higher per capita hospital expenditures than all other regions and states in the nation. The Rocky Mountain Region trailed all other regions in per capita hospital spending for 1976 through 1978; Idaho maintained the lowest per capita spending when compared against states for 1972 through 1978.

In 1978, spending reached $337 per capita nationwide for hospital expenditures. New England recorded the highest U.S. per capita hospital expenditures with $403 which exceeded the Rocky Mountain Region's spending by $141 per capita.

The range in per capita hospital services becomes more dramatic when examining states: a high of $490 in Massachusetts contrasts a low of $197 in Idaho. Massachusetts' hospital expenditures exceeded those of its closest rival, New York, by over $73 per capita. Some of the variation in hospital spending levels can be attributed to the place of service per capita computation (see “Place of Residence” description which follows). A minimum of 14 percent of the community hospital² expenditures made by residents of Idaho are for services rendered in other states. Included in Massachusetts' expenditures, on the other hand, are over three percent of community hospital services rendered to out-of-state residents. Thus, Massachusetts' per capita spending is inflated by utilization by non-residents, and use of services in other states underestimates per capita spending by Idaho residents.

Variations in price and utilization among states account for additional differences in hospital spending levels. Salaries, fringe benefits and non-labor costs vary among regions, affecting the price structure for hospital services. The admission rate and length of stay, affected by the severity and frequency of illness and by historical patterns of medical practice influence the quantity of hospital services utilized. Interacting with these factors are the amount of services provided per employee, the supply of hospital beds which the geographic area supports, their occupancy rates, the mix of types of hospitals in the geographic area, the number of physicians, personal income per capita, and the age structure of the population.

Community Hospitals

Table 5 (AHA, 1978, b) presents some of the factors which influenced expenditure levels in community hospitals in 1978. These factors will be discussed in the order in which they appear on the table.

Table 5. Community Hospital Statistics for 1978.

	Expenditures Per Capita	Cost Per Day	Labor Cost Per Day	Salary Per Employee	Days of Care Per Employee	Admission Rate 10,000 Pop.	Expense Per Admission	Length of Stay	Beds Per 1,000 Population	Occupancy Rate	Number of Hospitals
U.S. Total	$276.94	$195.35	$99.31	$10,927	110.0	177	$1,482	7.6	4.4	73.6	5,851
New England	318.27	222.55	120.60	11,971	99.3	172	1,799	8.1	4.1	N/A	259
Connecticut	274.82	226.63	125.63	12,733	101.4	159	1,694	7.5	3.5	78.3	36
Maine	247.89	168.74	87.53	9,523	108.8	188	1,301	7.7	4.6	71.6	49
Massachusetts	387.99	244.02	131.27	12,458	94.9	179	2,101	8.6	4.5	79.0	117
New Hampshire	205.37	163.72	84.17	9,497	112.8	169	1,147	7.0	3.8	71.9	27
Rhode Island	281.99	216.68	125.40	11,788	94.0	160	1,734	8.0	3.6	82.3	14
Vermont	214.36	151.51	81.41	9,967	122.4	167	1,251	8.3	4.5	72.9	16
Mideast	310.80	201.59	108.32	12,154	112.2	170	1,809	9.0	4.4	N/A	710
Delaware	248.85	192.30	103.88	11,004	105.9	146	1,615	8.4	3.5	81.0	8
District of Columbia		281.45	153.92	12,916	83.9		2,324	8.3		78.3	13
Maryland	255.59	207.68	110.66	11,772	106.4	138	1,735	8.4	3.3	81.9	53
New Jersey	240.61	171.81	91.42	11,582	126.7	159	1,506	8.8	4.1	81.7	104
New York	339.43	211.95	117.94	13,014	110.3	168	2,061	9.7	4.6	82.9	288
Pennsylvania	313.81	193.89	98.34	11,128	113.2	187	1,615	8.3	4.7	78.3	244
Great Lakes	306.10	198.79	103.74	11,338	109.3	184	1,577	7.9	4.7	N/A	910
Illinois	344.61	213.03	111.92	11,739	104.9	189	1,690	7.9	4.9	75.1	240
Indiana	249.10	170.56	85.18	10,178	119.5	181	1,312	7.7	4.4	75.5	114
Michigan	324.92	222.40	114.47	12,047	105.2	179	1,752	7.9	4.4	76.4	207
Ohio	294.77	187.12	99.00	10,962	110.7	186	1,509	8.1	4.6	78.3	206
Wisconsin	267.08	176.83	94.44	10,918	115.6	181	1,416	8.0	5.1	69.1	143
Plains	282.87	163.56	82.76	10,010	121.0	202	1,326	8.1	5.8	N/A	799
Iowa	262.14	152.90	79.51	9,728	122.4	212	1,139	7.5	5.8	67.2	131
Kansas	269.61	158.05	79.58	9,372	117.8	206	1,223	7.7	5.7	68.8	144
Minnesota	280.03	160.76	86.90	11,073	127.4	191	1,431	8.9	6.0	70.1	171
Missouri	320.71	182.59	87.59	9,967	113.8	204	1,504	8.2	5.6	74.3	147
Nebraska	265.45	150.20	73.51	9,494	129.2	197	1,239	8.2	6.0	66.9	96
North Dakota	285.50	147.84	73.68	9,692	131.5	221	1,219	8.2	7.0	66.1	53
South Dakota	201.58	146.84	75.24	8,715	115.8	195	963	6.6	5.3	60.7	57
Southeast	232.67	164.40	79.33	9,297	117.2	184	1,164	7.1	4.4	N/A	1,449
Alabama	252.43	160.70	76.96	9,125	118.6	201	1,134	7.1	4.9	73.0	132
Arkansas	198.85	140.58	68.88	8,341	121.1	200	896	6.4	4.6	69.6	91
Florida	281.17	194.53	90.33	10,013	110.9	181	1,435	7.4	4.6	70.7	208
Georgia	219.10	175.28	87.56	9,124	104.2	186	1,112	6.3	4.2	67.6	160
Kentucky	200.89	144.19	69.54	9,084	130.6	185	1,003	7.0	4.1	76.5	108
Louisiana	248.42	181.80	85.19	9,209	108.1	193	1,171	6.4	4.4	69.0	139
Mississippi	199.92	137.35	66.35	8,413	126.8	197	941	6.8	4.7	72.2	104
North Carolina	197.65	150.43	75.73	9,011	119.0	167	1,123	7.5	3.9	76.2	128
South Carolina	169.89	147.05	72.10	8,860	122.9	156	1,041	7.1	3.6	75.0	70
Tennessee	272.84	157.83	75.20	9,058	120.5	217	1,128	7.1	5.2	74.8	140
Virginia	216.07	164.83	80.53	10,031	124.6	151	1,320	8.0	3.9	75.1	102
West Virginia	264.48	148.59	75.46	9,395	124.5	221	1,084	7.3	5.3	73.5	67
Southwest	232.91	182.73	87.25	9,322	106.8	178	1,205	6.6	4.2	N/A	718
Arizona	247.64	216.10	102.68	10,116	98.5	149	1,531	7.1	3.4	72.3	58
New Mexico	186.09	193.80	94.72	10,333	109.1	150	1,165	6.0	3.0	65.9	37
Oklahoma	227.46	184.15	85.85	9,002	104.9	175	1,203	6.5	4.3	66.1	119
Texas	235.68	176.33	84.54	9,180	108.6	186	1,159	6.6	4.4	67.8	504
Rocky Mountain	207.59	182.92	94.16	10,200	108.3	171	1,157	6.3	3.9	N/A	248
Colorado	235.93	200.38	105.52	10,718	101.6	172	1,338	6.7	4.0	68.3	83
Idaho	171.44	159.21	78.61	9,531	121.2	169	964	6.1	3.6	65.2	46
Montana	205.99	132.24	67.92	9,564	140.8	187	1,033	7.8	5.6	64.2	57
Utah	190.14	209.32	103.14	9,970	96.7	161	1,084	5.2	2.9	68.8	35
Wyoming	160.21	169.01	89.64	9,351	104.3	174	870	5.2	3.8	54.4	27
Far West	287.42	267.37	127.99	12,211	95.4	157	1,708	6.4	3.5	N/A	758
California	311.31	281.68	133.19	12,437	93.4	158	1,843	6.5	3.6	66.3	518
Nevada	305.83	246.34	103.68	11,157	107.6	167	1,579	6.4	3.8	66.6	19
Oregon	234.36	223.29	114.38	11,243	98.3	162	1,347	6.0	3.4	67.0	77
Washington	206.99	217.61	111.16	11,272	101.4	158	1,218	5.6	3.1	66.8	108
Alaska	222.82	340.36	162.77	16,362	100.5	115	1,856	5.5	2.3	60.6	16
Hawaii	193.95	195.34	102.53	11,672	113.8	122	1,445	7.4	2.8	74.1	20

Table is based on American Hospital Association data.

Per capita spending patterns for community hospital services are similar to those for services in all hospitals. In the U.S., $277 per capita was spent for community hospital services. In New England, per capita expenditures of $318 exceeded the level of expenditures in all other regions. The Rocky Mountain Region trailed all other regions in community hospital spending with $208 per capita.

Cost per day of community hospital care ranged from a regional high of $267 in the Far West to a regional low of $164 in the Plains and Southeast, with the U.S. averaging $195 per day. Labor costs accounted for approximately half of the cost-per-day figures. The Southeast maintained the lowest labor expense at $79 per day of care while in the Far West, labor costs per day amounted to $128. Labor expense nationwide amounted to $99 per day.

Annual salary per employee is presented to supply an indication of the wage levels of an area. In addition, it provides an indication of the cost of living differences which exist among states and regions. Nationwide, an average of $10,927 was paid to community hospital employees. The Far West and Mideast Regions paid the highest annual salaries and wages in the nation at $12,200. The Southeast and Southwest Regions paid the least at $9,300. Alaska paid the highest average wages and salaries to their community hospital employees at $16,362. This amount was over $3,000 higher than the District of Columbia, its closest rival.

Days of care per full-time equivalent employee is a rough indicator of the intensity of service rendered. The fewer days of care for which an employee is responsible permits each employee to devote more time to each patient. In the Plains Region, employees who were responsible for 121 days of care each year contrasted against the Far West, where 95 days of care per employee were given.

The admission rate per 10,000 population was 177 nationwide in 1978. In the Plains states, 202 admissions per 10,000 population contrasted with the Far West's 157 admissions.

Expense per admission averaged $1,482 in the U.S. New England and the Midwest led all other regions in expense per admission with $1,800. The Southeast and Rocky Mountain Regions trailed all other regions, with expenses per admission less than $1,200. Community hospitals in the District of Columbia and Massachusetts incurred the highest expense per admission with $2,324 and $2,101. Wyoming and Arkansas registered the lowest expense per admission at $870 and $896, less than half that of the highest states.

The Plains states outpaced the nation in community hospital beds maintained, with 5.8 beds per 1,000 population. Due to the low population density and their larger than average elderly population, more beds need to be available in order to offer easy access to the scattered population. The Far West maintained 3.5 beds per thousand residents, the lowest ratio maintained by any region.

Massachusetts' per capita community hospital spending of $388, the highest in the nation, can be evaluated in the context of these community hospital statistics. Persons receiving community hospital services in that state paid $244 per day for those services. That was the fifth highest daily expense in the nation, exceeded only by Alaska, California, District of Columbia and Nevada. Of the $244 per day, $131 was attributed to labor costs, the fourth highest labor expense per day in the U.S. The length of stay in Massachusetts' community hospitals was the highest in the New England Region, and the third highest in the nation. The combination of these factors led to Massachusetts' community hospitals expense per admission being the second highest in the nation.

One explanation for Massachusetts' high per capita hospital spending may be that Boston serves as the major medical center for northern New England, providing more specialized medical services than those which would be available in most local community hospitals in the region. Admissions per 10,000 population would be higher since nonresidents would be attracted to the state for these specialized services. Length of stay would also be higher than average, since more specialized procedures could indicate more complicated medical problems. The combination of high cost per day and long length of stay produces high expense per admission.

Regionally, New England leads the nation in hospital spending per capita. Examining the community hospital statistics show that the Far West Region's cost per day of community hospital care exceeded that of New England by $45 per day. Yet, the expenditures in the Far West were $31 less per capita than those in New England. Labor costs per day of care and days of care per employee were nearly identical in both regions. What differs was the admission rate (157 persons per 10,000 population in the Far West versus 172 persons per 10,000 in New England) and the length of stay (6.4 days of care per admissions in the Far West versus 8.1 days of care in New England).

Differences in the age structure and health status of the two populations contribute to some of the disparity in admission rates and length of stay. The following factors could produce additional differences: variations in input prices, such as fuel, wages and fringe benefits and historical regional patterns of medical treatment which prescribe defined lengths of stay in hospitals for particular medical procedures.

Place of Residence

In this report, state designations indicate the location where the service was rendered. In 1978, for example, the District of Columbia supplied $747.3 million worth of hospital services. These services were supplied to anyone who chose to purchase hospital services in that jurisdiction, whether or not the District of Columbia was their residence.

Per capita estimates calculated using “place of service” expenditures and the total population of a state are presented in this report to assist the reader in determining spending trends and levels. However, using per capita spending estimates for state comparisons may be misleading. The per capita figures cannot be interpreted as spending per resident, unless substantially all of the services provided in a state are consumed by residents of that state, and unless residents of that state purchase no additional services from other states.

The only data available to indicate the magnitude of difference when estimating on a provider-of-service versus a residence-of-recipient basis pertains to short-stay hospitals. Estimates of per capita expenditures in community hospitals by place of residence of the recipient are presented in Table 6. The place-of-residence estimates are based on unpublished Medicare community hospital reimbursement data which includes both the location of the service and residence of the recipient. Ratios of the reimbursements on the place-of-residence and place-of-service basis for the Medicare population are applied to community hospital expenditure estimates for the total population.³ The per capita expenditure estimates by place of residence represent spending for all community hospital services purchased in any state or U.S. possession by residents of that state.

Table 6. Community Hospital Par Capita Health Expenditures.

	1976			1978
	Place of Service (POS)	Place of Residence (POR)	POS/POR	Place of Service (POS)	Place of Residence (POR)	POS/POR
U.S. Total	$218.68	$218.49	100.09%	$276.94	$276.75	100.07%
New England	256.02	253.76	100.89	318.27	315.81	100.78
Connecticut	223.74	224.65	99.59	274.82	278.02	98.85
Maine	199.22	208.60	95.50	247.89	256.67	96.58
Massachusetts	307.99	298.18	103.29	387.99	375.18	103.41
New Hampshire	162.27	172.37	94.14	205.37	213.80	96.06
Rhode Island	233.08	238.29	97.81	281.99	291.47	96.75
Vermont	181.72	186.53	97.42	214.36	228.39	93.86
Mideast	253.57	253.58	100.00	310.80	311.60	99.74
Delaware	199.84	203.67	98.12	248.85	253.25	98.26
District of Columbia	521.23	352.59	147.83	673.27	463.66	145.21
Maryland	199.17	214.96	92.65	255.59	273.08	93.60
New Jersey	202.25	216.36	93.48	240.62	256.66	93.75
New York	292.57	289.96	100.90	339.43	338.49	100.28
Pennsylvania	232.41	231.83	100.25	313.81	313.53	100.09
Great Lakes	239.15	240.97	99.24	306.10	308.83	99.12
Illinois	264.69	270.68	97.79	344.62	352.51	97.76
Indiana	194.22	193.87	100.18	249.10	248.07	100.42
Michigan	251.03	253.74	98.93	324.92	329.07	98.74
Ohio	232.42	230.11	101.00	294.77	292.72	100.70
Wisconsin	220.70	222.61	99.14	267.08	269.78	99.00
Plains	217.22	215.59	100.76	282.87	280.75	100.76
Iowa	195.35	201.98	96.72	262.14	274.61	95.46
Kansas	204.98	223.94	91.53	269.61	294.63	91.51
Minnesota	229.24	218.25	105.04	280.03	266.66	105.01
Missouri	238.43	228.22	104.47	320.71	305.54	104.96
Nebraska	205.28	206.36	99.48	265.44	267.54	99.22
North Dakota	220.46	208.92	105.52	285.50	261.62	109.13
South Dakota	156.39	168.31	92.92	201.58	214.34	94.05
Southeast	179.61	181.19	99.13	232.67	234.18	99.36
Alabama	187.96	190.56	98.64	252.43	256.64	98.36
Arkansas	151.62	165.65	91.53	198.85	218.17	91.14
Florida	218.77	223.04	98.09	281.17	286.18	98.25
Georgia	171.13	166.61	102.71	219.10	214.34	102.22
Kentucky	160.28	167.84	95.50	200.89	209.53	95.88
Louisiana	191.82	189.65	101.14	248.42	246.09	100.95
Mississippi	151.02	165.42	91.29	199.92	215.68	92.69
North Carolina	151.36	151.18	100.12	197.65	196.49	100.59
South Carolina	136.53	144.46	94.51	169.89	177.35	95.79
Tennessee	207.86	187.61	110.79	272.84	243.30	112.14
Virginia	166.15	169.36	98.10	216.06	221.70	97.46
West Virginia	207.91	218.51	95.15	264.48	276.23	95.75
Southwest	180.70	178.28	101.36	232.91	229.53	101.47
Arizona	196.41	187.32	104.85	247.64	240.28	103.06
New Mexico	145.79	157.41	92.62	186.09	199.36	93.34
Oklahoma	173.11	184.19	93.98	227.46	242.46	93.81
Texas	182.73	177.27	103.08	235.68	227.54	103.58
Rocky Mountain	168.18	167.54	100.38	207.59	206.84	100.36
Colorado	196.30	185.24	105.97	235.93	224.05	105.30
Idaho	138.11	157.85	87.49	171.44	192.32	89.14
Montana	158.23	168.31	94.01	205.99	215.01	95.80
Utah	149.27	139.52	106.99	190.14	176.57	107.69
Wyoming	126.05	159.36	79.10	160.21	208.03	77.01
Far West	225.46	222.47	101.34	287.42	283.42	101.41
California	243.85	240.60	101.35	311.31	306.83	101.46
Nevada	230.80	219.58	105.11	305.83	288.04	106.18
Oregon	185.90	185.32	100.31	234.36	232.25	100.91
Washington	168.23	167.86	100.22	206.99	208.27	99.39
Alaska	140.80	137.09	102.71	222.28	205.50	108.17
Hawaii	149.67	141.77	105.57	193.95	190.48	101.82

Adjusted by Medicare Short-Stay Hospital Reimbursements

These estimates are valid to the extent that the Medicare population reflects the geographic consumption patterns of the general population. Table 6 shows that the ratio of community hospital services provided in a state to the services purchased by state residents cluster between 90 and 110 percent. Within each region, community hospital services purchased by residents equal 99.1 to 101.5 percent of community hospital services rendered in the region.

At one extreme, at least 45 percent of services provided in the District of Columbia were purchased by residents of other states. In 1978, District of Columbia per capita estimates by place of residence were $210 lower than the per capita estimate by place of service. Wyoming illustrates the opposite extreme: residents purchased approximately 20 percent more services from other states than those which were provided within the state. The per capita spending for community hospital services by Wyoming residents is almost $48 higher per capita in 1978 than the per capita estimates by place of service would indicate.

Expenditures for Physicians' Services

Between 1966 and 1978, spending for physicians' services, the second largest component of personal health care expenditures, garnered between 21 and 24 percent of every dollar spent on personal health care.

Physicians' influence on the level of health care spending is much higher than physician expenditures indicate. Physicians prescribe and direct many medical services, including hospitalization and prescription drugs.

In the U.S. in 1978, $161 per capita was spent for physicians' services. The Rocky Mountain Region spent the least at $143 per capita, followed closely by the Southeast and New England Regions with $145 per capita. Physician expenditures in the Far West, at $219 per capita, exceeded spending in all other regions.

For 1966 through 1978, California's physician expenditures topped those of all other states. In 1978, its per capita expenditures were $238. For the first half of the twelve year period, Mississippi's expenditures for physician services were the lowest in the nation. By 1976, Vermont had supplanted Mississippi's position; in 1978, Vermont's spending for physician services trailed those of all other states at $90 per capita.

In 1978, Massachusetts spent 15.8 percent of its health care dollars on physicians' services. Contrasting with that low was Hawaii where residents expended 29.5 percent of every health care dollar for physicians' services.

Researchers are examining levels of physician spending in an attempt to explain differences in costs of physician services. As the concentration of physicians increases, do physicians induce demand by prescribing more laboratory tests and more frequent hospitalization and office visits? Are the number of these ancillary services reflecting the physicians' efforts to attain a “target income”? Or are these physicians offering a significant increase in quality of care? Are physicians encouraged through reimbursement procedures to offer the most efficient and economical services available to their patients? Do third party payments reduce the incentive for consumers to choose physician services wisely?

Each of these facets affects regions and states differently. The mix of reimbursement systems (fee-for-service, HMO, prepaid group practice, and/or insurance), standard of living, historical medical practices, and the concentration of physicians in each area introduce different values into physician expenditure patterns in each geographic area.

The number of physician services rendered is related to the number of physicians. An increase in the number of physicians in a geographic area tends to increase the total amount of health care expenditures as more physician services become available for purchase.

Table 7 shows the wide range of physicians per 10,000 population in states and regions. The number of physicians per population grew from 9.1 physicians per 10,000 population in 1969 to 10.7 physicians in 1978. For the same period, the Far West, and California specifically; maintained the lead over all other regions and states in concentration of physicians. The lowest concentration of physicians occurred in the Southeast, with physicians per 10,000 population in Mississippi being the lowest in the nation for 1972 through 1978.

Table 7. Number of Physicians and Physicians Per 10,000 Population.

	1969		1978		Percent Change in Number of Physicians
	Number of Physicians	Physicians Per 10,000 Population	Number of Physicians	Physicians Per 10,000 Population
U.S. Total	183,119	9.1	237,071	10.7	29.5
New England	12,122	10.3	15,608	12.7	28.8
Connecticut	3,343	11.1	4,098	13.2	22.6
Maine	757	7.6	1,111	10.0	46.8
Massachusetts	5,996	10.6	7,703	13.4	28.5
New Hampshire	694	9.6	962	10.8	38.6
Rhode Island	876	9.4	1,120	11.7	27.9
Vermont	456	10.4	614	12.3	34.6
Mideast	44,717	10.6	51,038	12.0	14.1
Delaware	472	8.7	601	10.1	27.3
District of Columbia	1,461	19.2	1,626	24.3	11.3
Maryland	3,392	8.8	5,207	12.4	53.5
New Jersey	6,627	9.3	7,987	10.9	20.5
New York	22,253	12.3	23,282	13.1	4.6
Pennsylvania	10,512	9.0	12,335	10.4	17.3
Great Lakes	32,013	8.0	39,446	9.5	23.2
Illinois	9,324	8.4	11,856	10.4	27.2
Indiana	3,838	7.5	4,614	8.5	20.2
Michigan	6,512	7.4	8,164	8.9	25.4
Ohio	8,754	8.3	10,220	9.5	16.7
Wisconsin	3,585	8.2	4,592	9.9	28.1
Plains	12,620	7.8	15,797	9.3	25.2
Iowa	2,026	7.2	2,355	8.1	16.2
Kansas	1,657	7.4	2,197	9.4	32.6
Minnesota	3,391	9.0	4,371	10.9	28.9
Missouri	3,456	7.4	4,315	8.9	24.9
Nebraska	1,180	8.0	1,442	9.2	22.2
North Dakota	473	7.6	608	9.3	28.5
South Dakota	437	6.5	509	7.4	16.5
Southeast	32,069	7.4	46,984	9.2	46.5
Alabama	2,172	6.3	2,981	7.8	37.2
Arkansas	1,249	6.5	1,749	7.8	40.0
Florida	5,885	8.9	10,990	12.0	86.7
Georgia	3,227	7.1	4,691	8.9	45.4
Kentucky	2,303	7.2	2,946	8.2	27.9
Louisiana	2,825	7.8	3,615	8.9	28.0
Mississippi	1,383	6.2	1,781	7.2	28.8
North Carolina	3,530	7.0	5,067	8.8	43.5
South Carolina	1,627	6.3	2,342	7.7	43.9
Tennessee	3,002	7.7	4,073	9.1	35.7
Virginia	3,606	7.8	5,193	9.8	44.0
West Virginia	1,260	7.2	1,556	8.1	23.5
Southwest	13,139	8.0	19,006	9.4	44.7
Arizona	1,581	9.1	2,847	11.3	80.1
New Mexico	725	7.2	1,116	8.9	53.9
Oklahoma	1,827	7.2	2,424	8.3	32.7
Texas	9,006	8.2	12,619	9.3	40.1
Rocky Mountain	4,639	9.4	6,793	10.9	46.4
Colorado	2,284	10.5	3,454	12.5	51.2
Idaho	554	7.8	780	8.6	40.8
Montana	599	8.6	818	10.4	36.6
Utah	941	9.0	1,388	10.2	47.5
Wyoming	261	7.9	353	8.2	35.2
Far West	31,800	11.9	42,399	13.6	33.3
California	25,045	12.7	32,754	14.3	30.8
Nevada	407	8.5	701	9.7	72.2
Oregon	2,052	10.0	2,965	11.8	44.5
Washington	3,355	10.0	4,476	11.5	33.4
Alaska	168	5.7	349	8.7	107.7
Hawaii	773	10.3	1,154	12.4	49.3

American Medical Association: Nonfederal, Office-Based Physicians Involved in Patient Care

Between 1969 and 1978, the Mideast's number of physicians increased by 14 percent. During the same time period, the Southeast, Southwest and Rocky Mountain states experienced the largest percentage gains in physicians in the nation: from 45 to 47 percent. Percent change In the number of physicians in states has been dramatic, ranging from a low of 4.6 percent increase in New York to a high of 107.7 percent in Alaska. Florida, Arizona and Nevada exhibited the largest percent increases in the continental U.S., with 86.7, 80.1 and 72.2 percent increase respectively.

The states and regions in which large percentage increases in number of physicians existed were also areas of large population growth (Table 11). The net result was little change in the rankings of physician concentration in regions and states between 1969 and 1978. The exceptions included Maine, Maryland and Alaska which had jumped in physician concentration rank by at least ten states and Wyoming and Idaho which had dropped in physician concentration rank by at least ten states.

Table 11. Effects of Population Growth and “Aging” on Average Annual Growth in Personal Health Expenditures.

	Average Annual Growth Between 1966 and 1978
	Personal Health Expenditures	P.H.E. Excluding Effects of Age and Population	Population	“Aging”
U.S. Total	12.8%	10.9%	1.1%	.6%
New England	11.9	10.6	.6	.5
Connecticut	11.6	10.2	.5	.7
Maine	13.0	11.5	.9	.4
Massachusetts	11.8	10.9	.3	.5
New Hampshire	12.7	9.9	2.3	.3
Rhode Island	11.8	10.5	.5	.6
Vermont	12.1	10.0	1.6	.3
Mideast	11.4	10.5	.2	.6
Delaware	12.2	10.1	1.2	.7
District of Columbia	10.5	11.2	− 1.2	.7
Maryland	13.3	11.2	1.1	.7
New Jersey	12.0	10.7	.6	.6
New York	10.6	10.2	− .1	.5
Pennsylvania	11.9	11.0	.1	.6
Great Lakes	12.2	11.0	.5	.5
Illinois	11.8	10.8	.4	.5
Indiana	12.4	11.0	.7	.5
Michigan	12.4	11.1	.7	.6
Ohio	12.2	11.1	.4	.6
Wisconsin	12.5	11.1	.7	.6
Plains	12.4	11.1	.6	.5
Iowa	12.0	11.0	.5	.0
Kansas	12.8	11.6	.5	.6
Minnesota	11.7	10.1	.9	.5
Missouri	12.9	11.7	.6	.5
Nebraska	12.4	11.2	.6	.5
North Dakota	12.5	11.6	.1	.8
South Dakota	11.7	10.9	.1	.6
Southeast	14.4	11.7	1.6	.8
Alabama	14.0	12.2	.8	.8
Arkansas	14.2	11.9	1.4	.7
Florida	16.3	11.3	3.4	1.1
Georgia	14.6	12.1	1.6	.7
Kentucky	12.3	10.4	1.2	.5
Louisiana	13.8	11.7	1.2	.7
Mississippi	15.0	13.2	.9	.7
North Carolina	13.7	11.3	1.3	.8
South Carolina	14.6	11.9	1.6	.8
Tennessee	13.9	11.7	1.3	.6
Virginia	14.3	11.9	1.4	.7
West Virginia	12.5	11.2	.7	.6
Southwest	14.2	11.0	2.2	.7
Arizona	15.6	10.2	3.8	1.0
New Mexico	13.4	10.2	1.8	1.0
Oklahoma	12.9	10.8	1.4	.5
Texas	14.2	11.2	2.1	.6
Rocky Mountain	13.0	9.9	2.3	.4
Colorado	12.8	9.4	2.7	.4
Idaho	14.0	10.8	2.4	.5
Montana	12.5	10.9	.9	.6
Utah	13.7	10.4	2.5	.5
Wyoming	11.6	8.6	2.4	.4
Far West	13.5	10.8	1.8	.6
California	13.4	11.0	1.6	.6
Nevada	17.3	11.8	4.1	.9
Oregon	13.8	11.0	2.0	.5
Washington	12.6	9.8	2.0	.5
Alaska	14.0	9.6	3.3	.7
Hawaii	13.6	10.1	2.3	.9

Age-adjusted population derived using 1978 expenditure weights

Several precautions should be observed when using Table 7. The physicians in a state render services to nonresidents and residents seek physician services in other states. States with major cities situated on their borders are particularly vulnerable to inflated physician/population ratios, since patients are likely to come from other states. Conversely, states adjoining out-of-state metropolitan areas may register lower physician/population ratios than what actually exists, as residents receive physician care in other states.

Low physician/population ratios by themselves should not be interpreted as an indication of “under-served” areas. For example, high physician to population ratios could exist in a geographic area, yet definite needs of the population might not be met. Examples exist where physician concentrations are high in wealthy areas of a state or city and low in poor areas. High physician concentration could exist due to high concentrations of specialty care physicians, masking the need for general practitioners. On the other hand, the needs of an area with low physician concentration could be met through the use of paraprofessionals such as physician assistants and nurse practitioners.

Another concern involves the age structure of an area, and the health status associated with each age group. A younger population tends to require fewer health services than an older population. Since physicians direct a large proportion of health services, one would expect areas with older populations to require greater concentrations of physicians. Florida's high concentration of elderly supports a high concentration of physicians. Conversely, states where the elderly population is a small proportion of the total population such as Alaska, Nevada and Wyoming could have low physician concentration ratios.

Expenditures for Nursing Home Care

In 1978, nursing home expenditures accounted for 9.2 percent of personal health care expenditures, or $68 per capita nationwide. Distinct regional patterns exist in spending: from a high of $110 per person in New England to a low of $46 in the Southeast. Minnesota's expenditures were the highest in the nation at $126 per capita. Alaska consumed the smallest amounts of care, spending only $12 per capita for nursing home care.

The supply of nursing home beds provides an indication of the historical demand for this service. Table 8 presents information on the number of nursing home beds and the beds per 1000 population aged 65 and over for 1978. The greatest concentration of nursing home beds occurs in the Plains Region where 79 beds per 1000 population 65 and over existed. This is equivalent to one bed for every 13 individuals 65 and over. Contrasting with that region is the Southeast where 39 beds per 1000 aged population were maintained, or one bed for every 26 aged persons.

Table 8. Number of Nursing Home Beds and Nursing Home Beds Per Population Aged 65 and Over: 1978.

	Number of Beds	Beds Per 1,000 65 and Over
U.S. Total	1,348,794	56.0
New England	101,642	70.0
Connecticut	20,189	58.0
Maine	10,733	80.7
Massachusetts	51,175	73.1
New Hampshire	6,583	68.6
Rhode Island	7,981	66.0
Vermont	4,981	90.6
Mideast	246,618	50.6
Delaware	2,484	45.2
District of Columbia	2,873	39.9
Maryland	19,322	52.2
New Jersey	37,528	45.5
New York	104,523	49.9
Pennsylvania	79,888	54.7
Great Lakes	265,880	61.8
Illinois	61,487	51.1
Indiana	41,010	73.1
Michigan	60,238	69.4
Ohio	52,007	46.3
Wisconsin	51,138	93.8
Plains	169,003	79.3
Iowa	33,910	89.9
Kansas	19,842	66.8
Minnesota	44,350	96.0
Missouri	40,588	64.7
Nebraska	16,586	82.1
North Dakota	5,080	65.1
South Dakota	8,647	97.2
Southeast	221,194	38.8
Alabama	19,246	47.1
Arkansas	16,561	56.7
Florida	34,422	22.6
Georgia	29,768	62.9
Kentucky	17,551	45.4
Louisiana	13,885	37.5
Mississippi	10,162	37.6
North Carolina	24,614	44.7
South Carolina	9,427	36.5
Tennessee	18,461	38.6
Virginia	21,008	44.9
West Virginia	6,089	27.4
Southwest	119,260	59.7
Arizona	6,823	25.2
New Mexico	2,640	25.4
Oklahoma	17,223	48.4
Texas	92,574	73.2
Rocky Mountain	34,297	63.7
Colorado	19,228	82.9
Idaho	4,381	50.4
Montana	4,320	53.3
Utah	4,386	43.0
Wyoming	1,982	55.1
Far West	190,900	62.2
California	138,219	61.5
Nevada	1,686	30.1
Oregon	11,663	40.9
Washington	34,909	87.1
Alaska	1,108	110.8
Hawaii	3,315	49.5

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS, 1981)

In 1978, Alaska ranked highest in the nation in concentration of nursing home beds for the elderly with 111 beds per 1000 elderly persons. The correspondingly low per capita spending for nursing home care reflects the extremely low percentage of 65 and over population which exists in Alaska.

On the other hand, South Dakota and Minnesota, with 97 and 96 beds per thousand 65 and over population, spent $97 and $126 per capita respectively for nursing home care, well above the $68 nationwide per capita.

Minnesota's high per capita spending may be due to a variety of factors. The reimbursement system used to determine payments may encourage nursing home providers to increase costs because the prices charged during one period affect the reimbursement level during the next period. The large amount of money filtering into the nursing home system increases the quality of care and quality of the facilities themselves. It helps to give nursing homes a more positive image than that which they might have in other states. A strong hospital utilization review system in Minnesota insures that expensive hospital beds are not used when nursing home beds could be an effective substitute. In addition, Minnesota's population structure makes the state a good candidate for nursing home use: its elderly population has a higher than average proportion of “older” elderly.⁴

Expenditures for Drug and Medical Sundries

In 1978 expenditures for drugs and medical sundries comprised 9.3 percent of total personal health care spending compared to 14.0 percent in 1966. The drop in percentage in later years is due to the fact that growth in drug prices has consistently been lower than that of other medical care prices throughout the period.

Drug expenditures constitute the third largest component in personal health care expenditures. In 1978, spending for drugs amounted to $69 per capita nationwide.

Throughout the 12 year period, the Far West Region and the state of Nevada maintained the highest per capita spending patterns for regions and states, with spending levels of $76 and $93 respectively. The Rocky Mountain and Plains Regions registered the lowest per capita expenditures with $62 each in 1978. For the same year, North Dakota's expenditures of $56 per capita were the lowest in the nation.

Since drug and medical sundries represent purchases of these goods in noninstitutionalized settings, spending patterns by region could result which negatively correlate to hospital and nursing home spending. The Southeast and Southwest Regions spend the least amounts per capita for nursing home care. They are among the three lowest spending regions for hospital care. In drug expenditures, however, these two regions are second and third in per capita spending.

Expenditures for Dental Services

In 1978, $53 per person was spent on dental care. This amount represents 7.1 percent of personal health care expenditures. Spending ranged from a low of $28 per person in Kentucky and Mississippi to a high of $81 per person in Washington. Regionally, the Southeast and Southwest spent the least per person on dental care. Their expenditures in 1978 were $41 and $44 per person. At the other extreme, the Far West purchased $79 worth of dental services per person.

Expenditures for Other Personal Health Care

The remaining portions of personal health care expenditures including other professional services, eyeglasses and appliances, and other health services, comprised only 7.6 percent of personal health care expenditures in 1978. Their impact on regional and state spending patterns was minimal. Over the 12 year period, these categories have declined in importance, dropping from 9.6 percent of personal health care expenditures in 1966 to its present level.

Economic and Demographic Factors Affecting Personal Health Care Expenditures

Interpretation of personal health care expenditures estimates should be made within the context of other economic and demographic factors. Two factors— personal income and population—will be discussed in this section.

Personal Income

Personal income includes the income from all sources less personal contributions to social insurance programs such as Social Security, Medicare and government retirement programs, but before the removal of Federal, state and local taxes. It includes, for example, wages and salaries, employer contributions to health and welfare funds and employer's payments in-kind, income from self-employment including farm, dividends, interest, rents and royalties, and transfer payments. Table 9 lists personal income per capita by state (BEA, 1966, 1981).

Table 9. Personal Income Per Capita, by State, 1966-1978.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$2,962	$3,713	$4,515	$6,374	$6,979	$7,735
New England	3,219	4,048	4,847	6,619	7,211	7,964
Connecticut	3,741	4,664	5,464	7,446	8,182	9,107
Maine	2,421	3,040	3,706	5,349	5,757	6,327
Massachusetts	3,207	4,073	4,947	6,697	7,283	7,999
New Hampshire	2,880	3,590	4,256	5,942	6,516	7,264
Rhode Island	3,009	3,690	4,430	6,159	6,710	7,437
Vermont	2,651	3,302	3,948	5,367	5,736	6,388
Mideast	3,329	4,169	5,040	6,903	7,476	8,215
Delaware	3,523	4,289	5,141	6,992	7,492	8,229
District of Columbia	3,588	4,434	5,668	7,932	8,673	9,415
Maryland	3,153	4,020	4,953	6,990	7,539	8,429
New Jersey	3,542	4,412	5,389	7,359	8,001	8,790
New York	3,520	4,405	5,256	6,997	7,537	8,266
Pennsylvania	2,942	3,684	4,478	6,384	6,967	7,639
Great Lakes	3,205	3,930	4,699	6,679	7,389	8,159
Illinois	3,498	4,287	5,135	7,300	7,982	8,763
Indiana	2,979	3,647	4,329	6,251	6,859	7,556
Michigan	3,257	3,970	4,796	6,727	7,561	8,429
Ohio	3,086	3,815	4,505	6,406	7,087	7,820
Wisconsin	2,909	3,564	4,314	6,182	6,908	7,633
Plains	2,814	3,507	4,369	6,168	6,831	7,692
Iowa	2,939	3,586	4,415	6,308	6,965	8,040
Kansas	2,855	3,523	4,548	6,567	7,134	8,040
Minnesota	2,853	3,636	4,434	6,322	7,168	7,932
Missouri	2,821	3,462	4,241	5,940	6,571	7,273
Nebraska	2,775	3,560	4,470	6,214	6,802	7,650
North Dakota	2,400	3,137	4,350	5,932	6,123	7,700
South Dakota	2,408	2,930	3,895	5,083	5,868	6,700
Southeast	2,317	2,998	3,807	5,444	5,958	6,615
Alabama	2,112	2,699	3,423	5,080	5,555	6,191
Arkansas	2,046	2,556	3,269	4,889	5,381	6,020
Florida	2,595	3,474	4,434	5,964	6,538	7,239
Georgia	2,386	3,107	3,932	5,457	5,931	6,627
Kentucky	2,238	2,878	3,587	5,264	5,770	6,341
Louisiana	2,309	2,854	3,489	5,370	5,929	6,655
Mississippi	1,796	2,339	3,072	4,456	4,959	5,463
North Carolina	2,318	2,999	3,789	5,354	5,782	6,438
South Carolina	2,118	2,756	3,491	4,999	5,471	5,997
Tennessee	2,283	2,896	3,665	5,238	5,702	6,388
Virginia	2,653	3,441	4,373	6,254	6,881	7,605
West Virginia	2,213	2,735	3,577	5,354	5,846	6,384
Southwest	2,523	3,239	3,967	5,925	6,537	7,315
Arizona	2,510	3,367	4,285	5,723	6,241	6,966
New Mexico	2,306	2,839	3,593	5,282	5,749	6,457
Oklahoma	2,462	3,085	3,773	5,686	6,336	7,149
Texas	2,559	3,292	3,991	6,074	6,709	7,496
Rocky Mountain	2,670	3,303	4,224	6,049	6,580	7,399
Colorado	2,857	3,569	4,573	6,500	7,085	7,950
Idaho	2,428	3,078	3,907	5,672	6,161	6,839
Montana	2,603	3,144	4,093	5,765	6,110	7,195
Utah	2,479	2,960	3,729	5,307	5,812	6,406
Wyoming	2,777	3,462	4,392	6,792	7,512	8,559
Far West	3,369	4,181	4,943	7,110	7,770	8,620
California	3,442	4,282	5,062	7,177	7,858	8,704
Nevada	3,345	4,335	5,146	7,026	7,795	8,807
Oregon	2,907	3,520	4,347	6,386	6,990	7,826
Washington	3,266	3,969	4,525	6,841	7,440	8,446
Alaska	3,417	4,253	5,294	10,758	10,960	10,875
Hawaii	3,151	4,152	5,046	6,945	7,667	8,318
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	3,219	4,048	4,847	6,619	7,221	7,964
Middle Atlantic	3,339	4,177	5,036	6,873	7,446	8,169
East North Central	3,205	3,930	4,699	6,679	7,389	8,159
West North Central	2,814	3,507	4,369	6,168	6,831	7,692
South Atlantic	2,576	3,340	4,224	5,900	6,426	7,121
East South Central	2,139	2,742	3,477	5,067	5,552	6,164
West South Central	2,445	3,108	3,796	5,779	6,389	7,155
Mountain	2,629	3,320	4,218	5,945	6,483	7,282
Pacific	3,370	4,178	4,939	7,112	7,770	8,616

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Measurement Division

In 1978, personal income per capita amounted to $7,735. Between 1966 and 1978, personal income rose at an average annual rate of 8.3 percent. Leading the U.S. in per capita income was the Far West Region with $8,620 per person. The Southeast, with per capita personal income of $6,615, was lower than any other region in personal income by at least $700 per person.

Alaska had the highest income of any state at $10,875 per person. This was partially caused by the boom created in the building of the Alaskan pipeline. The District of Columbia, with per capita personal income of $9,415 and Connecticut with $9,107 per capita, ranked second and third. The lowest per capita incomes in the U.S. were recorded in Mississippi— $5,463, South Carolina—$5,997 and Arkansas—$6,020.

Personal income per capita provides a reasonable indication of the standard of living and the relative wage levels commanded in an area. Personal income also indicates the ability of individuals to purchase services, and the relative price which residents could pay. If an individual had budgeted five percent of his income to personal health care in 1978, the amounts would have varied in magnitude from $544 per person in Alaska to $273 per person in Mississippi. To the extent that prices of health services vary with available income, expenditure levels in geographic regions and states will be affected.

It is inappropriate, however, to calculate state personal health expenditures as a percentage of state personal income because the two concepts are not comparable. In the first place, personal income per capita estimates are produced on a location-of-residence basis while personal health expenditures are calculated to reflect location of service. Some idea of the magnitude of difference in the location-of-service versus location-of-residence concept for personal health care expenditures can be derived from the processing section titled “Place of Residence.”

Secondly, personal income excludes from its concept many of the public program payments for personal health care. Medicaid and state public assistance vendor payment programs, Veteran's Administration payments, Department of Defense payments, and all other federal, state and local programs except Medicare and worker's compensation are excluded from the personal income accounts. This amounts to 17 percent of personal health care not being counted in personal income in 1978.

Last of all, the nature of Federal program expenditures implies a redistribution of income. Income in the form of taxes to the Treasury does not necessarily return in the same proportion to the states from which it came. In some cases, distribution of funds is based on age or disability, as in the case of Medicare and worker's compensation; in other cases, the distribution uses formulas which include the inverse of personal income, with the lowest income states (which generate the least tax revenue) receiving the greatest proportion of the funds. Examples would include grant programs such as Medicaid and Maternal and Child Health.

The ideal comparison, if the data were available, would be to compare consumer personal health care expenditures per capita by state of residency to per capita personal income less Medicare and workers' compensation medical benefits. In 1978, almost 60 percent of spending nationally for health care came from consumers, either directly as a payment or co-payment for service or indirectly through private insurance premiums. This represents a drop from 1966, when consumers financed over 72 percent of personal health care. Almost all of this decline was offset by payments from public programs.

Despite the decline in the proportion of personal health care paid for by the consumer, consumer personal health care as a proportion of personal income less Medicare and workers' compensation medical benefits was growing: from 4.9 percent in 1966 to 5.9 percent in 1978. Since the cost of health care to the consumer has been growing at a faster rate than personal income, increasingly more difficult consumption choices must be made as individuals decide on which services and goods to spend their limited resources.

Population

From 1966 through 1978, personal health expenditures in the U.S. grew at an annual rate of 12.8 percent. Factors contributing to this growth rate include changes in the price of health goods and services, changes in the quantity and “intensity” of services rendered, and changes in population levels and structure.

Between 1966 and 1978, resident population in the U.S. grew from 195.5 million to 222.1 million persons. (Census, 1971, 1981, a). As population increases, expenditures for health care will grow as the demand for services by more people is met. The changing population structure, in this case “aging”, is another source of increased utilization. Health expenditures will grow due to the larger number of older individuals who require more frequent and expensive medical services. The most recent estimates of personal health care spending by age indicate that in 1978 the aged purchased 7.1 times the amount of personal health care as did the 18 and under population. For the 19-64 year old cohort, purchases for personal health care goods and services amounted to 2.7 times the amount purchased by the under 19 year old population (Fisher, 1980).

Despite the overall growth in population, an absolute decline in the population under the age of 18 years occurred (Table 10). In 1966, 36.1 percent of the total population consisted of individuals under 18; by 1978, the percentage had dropped to 29.1, a decline of 11.4 percent. The 18 to 65 year old cohort registered the largest absolute gains during the period, growing from 54.5 to 59.9 percent of total population. The 65 and over cohort exhibited the largest growth with a 30.3 percent increase: from 9.4 percent of total population in 1966 to 11.0 percent in 1978 (Census, 1969, 1970, 1980).

Table 10. Percent of Population by Age Cohort and Percentage Growth by Age Cohort for 1966, 1978.

Age	Percentage of Population		Growth
	1966	1978	1966-78
Under 18	36.1	29.1	− 11.4
18-64	54.5	59.9	4.3
65 +	9.4	11.0	30.3
Total	100.0	100.0	11.4

Table 11 demonstrates the effects which population growth and “aging” have on personal health care expenditure growth. Of the 12.8 percent growth of personal health care expenditures, 1.1. percent can be attributed to population increases and 0.6 percent to the changing structure of the population.⁵

Although these two factors amount to a small percentage (less than 15 percent) of the growth rate, their impact on the variation in expenditure growth among regions and states is more dramatic. In removing the effects of population growth and “aging” from the growth in personal health expenditures (the second column Table 11), the range in growth rates narrows considerably, clustering more closely around the U.S. average.⁶ Population gains and losses and the age composition of a state or region seems to explain a large proportion of the variations which occur in personal health care expenditure growth rates.

As shown in Table 11, slower population growth in New England, the Mideast, Great Lakes and Plains Regions contrast with the above average growth in the Southeast, Southwest, Rocky Mountain and Far West Regions. Growth in personal health spending follows similar patterns. When the population and “aging” factors are excluded, however, differences in growth patterns become less distinct. Only the Southeast and Rocky Mountain Regions' growths show much deviation from the U.S. average level of growth.

The states of Nevada, Arizona and Florida ranked highest in the nation in growth of personal health care spending for 1966-78. Similarly, their populations exhibited the greatest annual growth and the largest percentage increase in the elderly population in the nation (see Table 12). However, once the growth of population and the changing age structure are taken into account, these three states' annual growth deviate from the U.S. annual growth by less than one percentage point.

Table 12. Resident Population, Percentage Change in Resident Population, and Percentage of Population Under 18 and 65 and Over for 1966 and 1978.

	Total Population		Avg. Annual Growth	Under 18 Population		Avg. Annual Growth	65 and Over Population		Avg. Annual Growth
	1966	1978	1966-78	1966	1978	1966-78	1966	1978	1966-78
U.S. Total	195,499	222,093	1.1	36.1%	29.1%	−.8	9.4%	11.0%	2.2
New England	11,430	12,302	.6	34.5	27.6	−1.0	10.7	11.8	1.5
Connecticut	2,903	3,095	.5	34.6	27.2	−1.2	9.3	11.2	2.2
Maine	999	1,115	.9	36.2	29.7	−.7	11.6	12.2	1.3
Massachusetts	5,535	5,743	.3	34.2	27.1	−1.2	11.3	12.1	1.2
New Hampshire	681	894	2.3	35.4	29.2	.5	11.2	11.0	2.0
Rhode Island	899	957	.5	33.1	27.3	−1.1	10.7	13.0	1.9
Vermont	413	498	1.6	36.3	30.0	−.2	11.5	11.3	1.3
Mideast	41,360	42,421	.2	33.8	27.6	−1.3	9.9	11.5	1.5
Delaware	516	598	1.2	37.5	29.1	−.9	7.8	9.4	2.7
District of Columbia	791	670	−1.2	34.2	26.2	−2.6	8.6	10.7	.4
Maryland	3,695	4,212	1.1	37.1	28.6	−.9	7.2	8.9	3.0
New Jersey	6,851	7,356	.6	33.9	28.0	−1.0	9.3	11.3	2.1
New York	17,843	17,720	−.1	33.1	27.6	−1.4	10.4	11.8	.9
Pennsylvania	11,664	11,865	.1	33.7	27.2	−1.4	10.4	12.4	1.6
Great Lakes	38,951	41,508	.5	36.7	29.7	−1.1	9.3	10.4	1.4
Illinois	10,836	11,434	.4	35.5	29.4	−1.1	9.7	10.7	1.2
Indiana	4,999	5,446	.7	36.9	30.1	−.9	9.5	10.4	1.5
Michigan	8,512	9,202	.7	38.0	30.4	−1.1	8.4	9.5	1.7
Ohio	10,330	10,795	.4	36.7	29.4	−1.3	9.1	10.5	1.4
Wisconsin	4,274	4,631	.7	37.3	29.4	−.9	10.7	11.6	1.7
Plains	15,888	17,029	.6	36.2	28.9	−1.2	11.5	12.5	1.2
Iowa	2,762	2,919	.5	35.9	29.0	−1.2	12.4	13.0	.8
Kansas	2,200	2,333	.5	35.6	27.8	−1.5	11.2	12.7	1.3
Minnesota	3,617	4,005	.9	38.0	29.6	−1.0	10.9	11.5	1.4
Missouri	4,523	4,871	.6	34.5	28.2	−1.0	11.6	12.9	1.4
Nebraska	1,456	1,561	.6	36.4	29.2	−1.0	12.1	12.9	1.2
North Dakota	647	651	.1	38.6	30.3	−1.5	9.8	11.9	1.8
South Dakota	683	689	.1	38.7	30.3	−1.6	11.5	12.9	1.1
Southeast	42,257	51,111	1.6	37.2	29.6	−.7	8.9	11.6	3.5
Alabama	3,464	3,834	.8	37.9	30.5	−1.2	8.4	11.0	2.8
Arkansas	1,899	2,241	1.4	36.4	29.8	−.8	11.0	13.5	2.5
Florida	6,104	9,132	3.4	34.4	25.8	.8	12.5	17.6	6.2
Georgia	4,379	5,286	1.6	38.1	31.1	−.6	7.4	9.3	3.1
Kentucky	3,147	3,611	1.2	36.6	30.1	−.8	10.0	11.1	1.6
Louisiana	3,550	4,073	1.2	40.2	32.8	−.8	7.6	9.3	2.5
Mississippi	2,245	2,488	.9	40.2	33.6	−1.1	8.8	11.2	2.2
North Carolina	4,896	5,739	1.3	37.2	29.4	−.9	7.4	9.9	3.4
South Carolina	2,520	3,041	1.6	39.4	31.5	−.9	6.6	8.9	3.4
Tennessee	3,822	4,462	1.3	35.7	29.1	−.7	9.1	11.0	2.6
Virginia	4,456	5,284	1.4	36.6	28.5	−.8	7.3	9.0	3.0
West Virginia	1,775	1,920	.7	35.3	29.0	−1.2	10.4	11.9	1.4
Southwest	15,567	20,181	2.2	38.0	30.9	.0	8.4	10.2	3.4
Arizona	1,614	2,518	3.8	39.9	31.4	1.2	7.7	11.4	6.7
New Mexico	1,007	1,252	1.8	43.8	33.4	−.7	6.1	8.6	4.4
Oklahoma	2,454	2,913	1.4	34.2	28.6	−.3	11.0	12.5	2.2
Texas	10,492	13,498	2.1	38.0	31.1	.0	8.2	9.7	3.1
Rocky Mountain	4,735	6,257	2.3	38.9	31.8	.5	8.5	8.8	2.5
Colorado	2,007	2,767	2.7	37.3	29.5	.7	8.8	8.6	2.4
Idaho	689	911	2.4	38.7	32.5	.5	9.0	9.9	2.7
Montana	707	784	.9	38.5	30.6	−.9	9.4	10.4	1.7
Utah	1,009	1,364	2.5	42.4	37.0	1.1	6.8	7.7	3.3
Wyoming	323	431	2.4	38.4	31.1	.6	9.1	8.5	1.8
Far West	25,311	31,284	1.8	35.7	28.3	−.3	8.7	10.0	2.9
California	18,858	22,839	1.6	35.5	28.0	−.5	8.6	10.1	2.8
Nevada	446	719	4.1	37.7	30.2	1.7	5.5	8.4	7.3
Oregon	1,969	2,510	2.0	34.6	28.2	.1	10.4	11.6	2.8
Washington	3,057	3,886	2.0	35.6	28.6	−.1	9.7	10.6	2.5
Alaska	271	401	3.3	43.8	36.0	2.1	1.9	2.4	5.9
Hawaii	710	929	2.3	39.6	30.6	−.4	4.9	7.4	5.3

Source: Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce

Definitions and Methodology

In the following descriptions of the methods used to estimate personal health expenditures by state, distributors or allocators for a service are developed and then adjusted to equal the NHE service totals. The reliability of this method of estimating is predicated on the assumption that the national health expenditure estimates provide a more accurate level of spending than does the summation of any available state data used to produce state estimates. Available state allocators may be sample data, proxies for expenditures or conceptually different.⁷

The sum of the state estimates differ in some cases from the NHE service totals. The difference measures: services provided in U.S. Territories or possessions as in the case of hospital expenditures and other health services; services rendered by U.S. taxpayers while living abroad, as in the case of physician, dental and other professional expenditures; and services furnished to U.S. military and civilian personnel living abroad or stationed on military vessels, as in the case of other health services.

State personal health care expenditures presented here incorporate 1966 and 1969 estimates previously published in Personal Health Care Expenditures By State, Vol. II (Cooper, et al.) Since that time, concepts and definitions of some NHE types of service have been revised and a few additional data sources have become available. Both of these changes have led to the introduction of different methodologies. Further changes in the earlier estimates result from the preparation of these series on a calendar, rather than fiscal year, basis.

Expenditures for Hospital Care

Expenditures for hospital care include spending for all services billed through hospitals: room and board, drugs and other medical durables, hospital outpatient and emergency room services, services provided by hospital personnel (including salaried physicians) and hospital-based home health services. The fees of self-employed physicians treating patients in a hospital setting are usually billed through the physicians' offices and are included as part of expenditures for physician services.

Hospital care as measured by the National Health Expenditure series is based on the total net revenues of community hospitals and the expenses of all noncommunity hospitals. The revenue concept has been adopted for community hospitals because it reflects the actual income with which a hospital must operate. The revenue data includes income from sources such as endowment funds, government grants and contributions while excluding the costs of such items as charity cases and bad debts. Expense data is assumed to be equivalent to revenues in noncommunity hospitals.

Over 85 percent of the 1966 and 1969 hospital estimates by state are based on hospital expense data compiled by the American Hospital Association (AHA, 1967, 1970). Another 12 percent—those estimates representing Federal hospital expenditures—are distributed to States using unpublished Federal agency data. These estimates cover the costs of operating Veterans Administration hospitals, Defense Department hospitals, Indian Health Service hospitals and Public Health Service hospitals. The remaining three percent of the 1966 and 1969 hospital expenditures represent expenditures for services in osteopathic hospitals. A proxy for expense data by state for these hospitals was developed using expenses per patient day in community hospitals (AHA, 1967, 1970) multiplied by data on the days of care in osteopathic hospitals as supplied by the American Osteopathic Hospital Association.

Data compiled by the American Hospital Association (AHA, 1971-73, 1975-79) includes expenses for each hospital in the U.S. and comprises the major data source for state estimates of hospital expenditures since 1969. In order to correspond in concept to the national methodology, each community hospital's expenses were adjusted to reflect revenues by applying a state-wide revenue to expense ratio (AHA, 1973, 1977-80, c).⁸ To compensate for different reporting periods, individual hospital's revenue or expense⁹ estimates were linked with adjoining years' estimates. These estimates were adjusted to a calendar year based upon the proportion of the reported financial year falling within a given calendar year.

The AHA data has several limitations. AHA solicits data by mail questionnaires from hospitals in the U.S. and U.S. associated areas. In 1978, 89.6 percent of all registered hospitals responded. The response rate varies with the hospital size, regional location, and type of control.¹⁰

In cases where responses were not received, AHA estimated missing cells. Until 1978, the estimation procedure involved grouping all hospitals by similar geographic and demographic characteristics and estimating missing data using mean values for those hospitals which did report. This procedure resulted in inconsistent expense data for individual hospitals, since the estimated expenses were not linked to actual expenses reported in prior years. Beginning in 1978, a revised procedure was used in estimating missing data cells which involved linking estimated cells to prior year's data whenever possible.

IRS Data

The major segments of spending for physician, dental and other health professional services were estimated using IRS business tax return information. This data source and its limitations will be discussed here, with the specific estimating method for each service presented separately under the service description.

The Internal Revenue Service publishes data on business receipts by business type in its Statistics of Income (SOI) publications. The SOI data is generated from stratified samples drawn from the universe of proprietorship, partnership and corporate returns. Among the published data are tables on business receipts for the medical sector in selected states for selected types of businesses. It is this source which forms the basis for national estimates of physician, dental and other professional health expenditures.

Over the past few years, samples extracted to produce the SOI have diminished in size, with less and less emphasis placed on stratifying the samples to yield state-reliable data. The result is an increasing proportion of suppressed information in the state tables, and less reliability in the state data which is published.

In order to create the most reliable estimates possible, HCFA contracted with IRS to prepare state-by-state tabulations of tax information for the medical sector. Using the business master file (BMF) data base, total receipts for physicians, dentists and other medical professions for 1976 and 1977 were compiled by state.

The BMF information provides a complete, reliable source for estimating medical expenditures by state. It differs from the SOI sample data used to estimate the National Health Expenditures in the following ways:

First, the National Health Expenditure estimates for physicians, dentists and other health professionals are based predominantly upon IRS business receipts from SOI sample. Total receipts from the BMF which are used to distribute spending by state include business receipts plus “investment income such as interest, rents, royalties, nonqualifying dividends, net gain from sale of noncapital assets, income from farms and other partnerships; and ‘other’ income” (IRS, 1979).

Second, industrial classification accounts for additional differences between business receipts data from the SOI used in the National Health Expenditures and the total receipts used to produce the state expenditures. In the SOI, samples are drawn and industrial classification verified. As many as one-third of the sample of corporate returns are reclassified to different categories (Powell and Stubbs), although the percentage of reclassification in the medical industry specifically, and for sole proprietors and partnership business, should be considerably lower.

The industrial classification of total receipt data, however, is not verified. For partnerships and corporations, the industry code is chosen by the filer to represent the business activity which generated the largest proportion of total receipts. For sole proprietors, a written explanation of the business activity provided by the filer is assigned an industry code by an IRS clerk as the data is encoded for computer processing.

Expenditures for Physicians' Services

Spending for physician care covers all services supplied and billed through medical physician's and osteopathic physician's offices, including medical laboratory tests requested by the physician and direct billing by independent labs. Excluded is the cost of life insurance examinations performed to qualify an individual for life insurance coverage.

Distributions of physician estimates by state for 1966 were developed using counts of physicians in private practice (AMA, 1966) and non-federal osteopaths (NCHS, 1971, a) and special, unpublished tabulations of average net incomes of physicians supplied by the Internal Revenue Service. For 1969, the average net incomes of physicians by state were extrapolated using regional increases in average net income (AMA, 1973). The result was multiplied by the number of physicians (AMA, 1968) and number of non-federal osteopaths in private practice (NCHS, 1971, a). For each year, the distributions were adjusted to equal the NHE total.

For 1966 and 1969, medical laboratory expenses are generated using a state distribution of Medicare certified independent labs (SSA, 1970). Physician group practice estimates are based on enrollment data for those organizations. Receipts for life insurance examinations were allocated based on population under age 65 (Census, 1969, 1970).

For 1976 and 1977, state estimates of spending for physician care relied upon physician and osteopathic physician total receipt data tabulated by IRS (see section titled “IRS data”). Total receipts include all payments for physician services paid through physician offices (including laboratory tests). To generate estimates for 1972, the AMA number of non-federal office-based physicians involved with patient care (AMA, 1969, 1972, 1976) was used to interpolate between 1969 and 1976 estimates. Counts of non-federal office-based physicians (AMA, 1977, 1978) were used to extrapolate from 1977 to 1978.

Receipts from life insurance examinations are distributed based upon the 18-65 year old population (Census, 1980). These estimates are subtracted from estimates of expenditures for physician care.

Expenditures for Dental Services

Expenditures for dental care include spending for all services billed through dental offices, including services provided by dental laboratories. The 1966 and 1969 dental service expenditures are distributed to states based upon mean gross income of dentists (ADA, 1964, 1968, 1971) and the number of active, non-federal dentists (NCHS, 1966, 1968, 1970) in each state.

For 1976 and 1977, IRS tabulations of total receipts of dentists were adjusted to the NHE totals. Interpolation of the 1969 and 1976 dental estimates using personal income (BEA, 1981) resulted in a distribution for 1972 of dental expenditures. Estimates for 1977 were extrapolated to 1978 using personal income (BEA, 1981).

Expenditures for Other Professional Services

Other professional services include the remainder of health professionals in private practice. Among these professionals are private duty nurses, chiropractors, optometrists, dieticians, podiatrists, psychologists and physiotherapists. Excluded is that portion of optometrists receipts which account for the purchase of eyeglasses. In addition, home health services provided through nonhospital related agencies are included in other professional services, accounting for twenty percent of other professional services in 1978. In earlier years, Visiting Nurses Association fulfilled much of the home health function.

For 1966 and 1969, distribution of health professionals in private practice are based upon counts of these professionals multiplied by their average salary (or salary proxy). For private duty registered, licensed practical and public health nurses, the number of nurses times (ANA, 1966, 1967, 1969) the average salary (ANA, 1966, 1968, 1970-71) was used to allocate the national control to states. For chiropractors and other professionals, the number of professionals (NCHS, 1968, 1971, a) times the state per capita personal income (BEA, 1966, 1981) was used.

For 1976 and 1977, the distribution by state of health professionals in private practice is based upon IRS business receipt data. The deduction from optometrist receipts for the cost of eyeglasses is allocated to states using IRS optometrist total receipts.

The state distribution for 1972 results from the interpolation between the 1969 and 1976 estimates using population (Census, 1971, 1981, a). For 1978, the 1977 estimates of other professionals were extrapolated using population (Census, 1981, a).

For 1972 forward, home health expenditures by state were estimated in three parts: Medicare, Medicaid and other. State estimates for Medicare home health, which financed over fifty percent of home health in 1978, were derived from an unpublished forty percent sample of Medicare billing forms representing interim payments to providers. Medicaid home health allocators come from statistical reports (HCFA, 1976-79) provided by states. The remainder, less than twenty percent of home health expenditures, were based upon the distribution of over 65 population (Census, 1980).

Expenditures for Drugs and Medical Sundries; Expenditures for Eyeglasses and Orthopedic Appliances

Drug and medical sundries and eyeglasses and orthopedic appliances include expenditures for products purchased in retail stores. Specifically excluded are products furnished in hospitals, nursing homes or through other medical professionals' offices, since expenditures for these items are included in the institutions' or professionals' charges.

State distributions for drug and drug sundries were developed from merchandise sales of drugs and health aids (Census, 1967, 1972, 1977). Data for 1967, 1972 and 1977 were extrapolated and interpolated using population (Census, 1971, 1981, a) to produce allocators for 1966, 1969, 1976 and 1978. All series were adjusted to the NHE control totals.

The distribution of expenditures for eyeglasses and appliances are based upon unpublished data from the Health Resources Administration on the number of optometrists and their average receipts¹¹. 1976 and 1977 average optometrist receipts were extrapolated back to 1966 and forward to 1978 using personal income (BEA, 1966, 1981). The resulting distributions were used to allocate the NHE control.

Expenditures for Nursing Home Care

Nursing home expenditures cover care rendered in skilled nursing and intermediate care facilities, including those for the mentally retarded. Excluded are the costs of long-term care provided by hospitals.

Nursing home care underwent a definitional revision since the original publication of the 1966 and 1969 state series. In 1972, legislation was enacted to expand Medicaid coverage to services rendered in intermediate facilities, including facilities for the mentally retarded (ICF/MR).¹² At that time, the definition of nursing home care was expanded to include services rendered in intermediate care facilities. Before that time, ICF services were not classified as a health expenditure.

The nursing home estimates for 1966 and 1969 are based on modal monthly charges (NCHS, 1972, b) and number of residents (NCHS, 1972, 1974, c) in facilities offering nursing care, personal care with nursing care, and personal care.

For 1972, the 1969 nursing home expenditure estimates were extrapolated using the number of nursing home residents (NCHS, 1972, 1974, 1976, c).¹³

Nursing home receipts (Census, 1981, d) from 1977 Census of Health Services form the basis of the latest state estimates. Cells suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information were estimated using unpublished private wages and salaries reported for nursing homes from BEA's Employment Security (ES202) state data files. Estimates for 1976 and 1978 were developed by extrapolating the 1977 nursing home expenditures using private nursing homes' wages and salaries. For 1976 through 1978, ICF/MR expenditures are estimated as an independent segment of nursing home care, using data reported by the Medicaid State Agencies (HCFA, 1976-79).

Expenditures for Other Health Services

Other health services include all personal health services which cannot be encompassed in any of the previously defined categories. Included are expenditures for services such as industrial inplant health services, medical services rendered to shipboard military personnel, school health services, spending for transportation to medical facilities by ambulance or other methods and multi-faceted health services rendered through federal grant programs.

From 1966 to 1978, a minimum of 25 percent of other health services spending was for inplant health services. Allocators for this series are the product of the number of occupational health nurses (ANA, 1966, 1972, 1977-78, a) and their average weekly wages (ANA, 1968, 1970-77, b; BLS, 1976-78).

The Department of Defense accounts for the second largest proportion of other health spending. It includes the cost of health care rendered to active duty military personnel stationed in areas without access to military hospitals (shipboard medical facilities, field medical stations) and other miscellaneous care. The distribution by state is based on special tabulations supplied by the Department of Defense.

Federal grant programs such as Maternal and Child Health, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA), community health centers and community block grants fund other personal health services. Estimates of these grant programs expenditures are distributed to states based upon grant appropriations by state supplied by the funding agencies.

A state distribution of expenditures for school health comes from health services expenditures in public schools (NCES, 1971-72, 1975-78). Distribution of other personal health services provided by the Veterans Administration is estimated using data on the expenditures for services in VA hospitals and nursing homes.

Expenditures for Medicare other personal health services are distributed to states using unpublished Medicare-Supplemental Medical Insurance reimbursement data for ambulance services. Medicaid and other public assistance medical payments for personal health services are allocated to states using state-reported spending data (HCFA, 1976-79). Indian Health Service spending for other personal health services are distributed to states using unpublished tabulations of ambulatory and contract care appropriations.

Table 2. Public Funds as a Percentage of Service Spending.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
Personal Health Care	25.7%	35.4%	36.0%	39.1%	38.9%	39.1%
Hospital Care	44.2	54.3	53.3	54.6	54.3	54.3
Physicians' Services	9.3	21.9	22.8	25.8	25.2	25.7
Dental Services	2.8	5.6	5.3	5.1	4.7	4.2
Other Professional Services	5.1	15.1	14.0	21.2	23.4	24.2
Drugs and Medical Sundries	4.4	5.8	7.2	8.8	8.4	8.4
Eyeglasses and Appliances	2.8	5.8	6.2	7.8	8.5	9.0
Nursing Home Care	40.3	53.5	47.0	55.4	55.3	55.4
Other Care	68.7	70.4	73.1	74.1	73.2	73.9

Appendix A

All text references are to economic regions. The accompanying tables list totals for both economic and census regions.

Economic Regions	Census Regions
New England	New England
Connecticut	Maine
Maine	New Hampshire
Massachusetts	Vermont
New Hampshire	Massachusetts
Rhode Island	Rhode Island
Vermont	Connecticut
Mideast	Middle Atlantic
Delaware	New York
District of Columbia	New Jersey
Maryland	Pennsylvania
New Jersey	East North Central
New York	Ohio
Pennsylvania	Indiana
Great Lakes	Illinois
Illinois	Michigan
Indiana	Wisconsin
Michigan	West North Central
Ohio	Minnesota
Wisconsin	Iowa
Plains	Missouri
Iowa	North Dakota
Kansas	South Dakota
Minnesota	Nebraska
Missouri	Kansas
Nebraska	South Atlantic
North Dakota	Delaware
South Dakota	Maryland
Southeast	District of Columbia
Alabama	Virginia
Arkansas	West Virginia
Florida	North Carolina
Georgia	South Carolina
Kentucky	Georgia
Louisiana	Florida
Mississippi	East South Central
North Carolina	Kentucky
South Carolina	Tennessee
Tennessee	Alabama
Virginia	Mississippi
West Virginia	West South Central
Southwest	Arkansas
Arizona	Louisiana
New Mexico	Oklahoma
Oklahoma	Texas
Texas	Mountain
Rocky Mountain	Montana
Colorado	Idaho
Idaho	Wyoming
Montana	Colorado
Utah	New Mexico
Wyoming	Arizona
Far West	Utah
California	Nevada
Nevada	Pacific
Oregon	Washington
Washington	Oregon
Alaska	California
Hawaii	Alaska
	Hawaii

Table A-1. Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Type of Good or Service; Calendar Year 1966 (Amounts in Millions).

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	$39,153.4	$15,478.8	$9,175.3	$2,964.1	$1,159.4	$5,462.4	$1,314.8	$2,356.0	$1,242.6
New England	2,677.7	1,143.7	558.8	195.4	90.1	301.5	90.6	225.0	72.6
Connecticut	687.5	261.0	161.7	56.0	28.7	84.2	20.5	53.9	21.4
Maine	170.9	73.2	36.3	9.5	5.2	22.9	5.5	14.7	3.5
Massachusetts	1,403.8	634.5	271.6	106.4	41.3	143.0	50.1	124.3	32.6
New Hampshire	128.4	49.6	29.5	7.7	5.8	15.5	4.2	10.6	5.5
Rhode Island	207.3	90.3	44.5	10.8	5.8	26.0	8.2	13.6	8.1
Vermont	79.8	35.1	15.2	5.0	3.2	9.8	2.0	7.9	1.5
Mideast	9,335.4	3,882.9	2,221.4	756.7	301.5	1,119.4	284.7	459.0	309.7
Delaware	108.3	46.8	22.2	5.9	3.9	17.2	4.0	3.9	4.5
District of Columbia	344.4	149.3	94.6	26.1	9.4	38.3	9.4	4.8	12.4
Maryland	700.2	309.4	147.9	47.6	19.7	101.2	23.6	34.1	16.8
New Jersey	1,322.1	480.1	337.1	115.4	43.3	191.0	44.6	66.0	44.7
New York	4,530.6	1,952.0	1,087.2	393.4	141.4	468.2	123.6	213.1	151.7
Pennsylvania	2,329.8	945.3	532.3	168.3	83.8	303.6	79.7	137.2	79.5
Great Lakes	7,909.3	3,118.4	1,870.1	561.2	204.5	1,146.4	271.9	509.0	227.8
Illinois	2,369.0	967.4	535.6	168.0	62.9	337.3	89.3	136.9	71.6
Indiana	897.7	314.5	233.5	59.4	19.5	153.3	33.3	59.9	24.4
Michigan	1,806.7	757.0	411.6	132.3	40.6	256.9	49.1	107.9	51.3
Ohio	2,000.0	756.2	496.9	140.5	56.8	299.8	69.8	124.3	55.6
Wisconsin	835.8	323.3	192.4	61.0	24.7	99.0	30.4	80.0	24.9
Plains	3,171.2	1,247.6	695.7	226.7	92.8	428.8	123.6	283.9	72.2
Iowa	541.4	188.7	130.2	39.7	16.3	71.9	22.9	61.5	10.2
Kansas	419.6	165.4	89.6	27.3	14.0	59.7	15.3	39.4	8.7
Minnesota	785.2	319.1	156.1	60.7	21.8	95.1	30.0	80.1	22.3
Missouri	895.3	362.3	204.9	61.9	29.8	129.6	32.7	53.7	20.6
Nebraska	283.0	108.2	64.5	21.9	5.7	39.6	12.2	24.4	6.4
North Dakota	124.9	53.0	27.9	6.8	2.4	16.7	4.3	12.1	1.8
South Dakota	121.8	50.9	22.5	8.5	2.7	16.2	6.2	12.6	2.2
Southeast	6,470.4	2,539.5	1,524.3	437.4	180.0	1,044.8	229.0	319.4	196.1
Alabama	502.5	208.8	118.2	32.8	12.6	75.8	15.7	27.2	11.4
Arkansas	265.8	105.3	56.2	15.3	5.5	43.6	7.9	25.1	6.9
Florida	1,137.8	400.0	265.1	91.3	48.6	195.6	44.8	66.5	25.9
Georgia	662.7	245.4	171.8	45.6	16.2	104.7	24.4	33.7	21.0
Kentucky	488.1	188.4	118.1	28.5	10.8	78.7	19.1	28.4	16.2
Louisiana	553.2	219.7	138.1	36.2	13.5	90.8	15.6	28.4	10.8
Mississippi	258.1	106.7	59.7	15.3	8.6	44.0	9.4	8.7	5.7
North Carolina	705.6	277.5	162.5	45.1	18.1	120.2	23.6	31.8	26.8
South Carolina	310.1	127.8	61.3	18.1	9.0	53.5	10.1	14.7	15.5
Tennessee	632.2	255.8	154.7	43.4	14.2	97.4	22.8	21.5	22.4
Virginia	669.5	280.1	148.3	49.5	17.2	99.3	25.2	27.4	22.6
West Virginia	284.7	124.0	70.4	16.3	5.7	41.3	10.3	6.0	10.7
Southwest	2,767.4	1,063.0	629.2	169.5	79.1	446.3	91.1	177.4	111.7
Arizona	310.2	124.0	78.5	20.9	8.5	46.3	10.6	13.0	8.3
New Mexico	157.2	68.3	29.9	10.6	4.2	25.7	5.6	5.4	7.4
Oklahoma	450.2	152.6	108.0	27.0	9.7	64.9	16.9	47.1	24.1
Texas	1,849.9	718.1	412.7	111.1	56.7	309.4	58.1	111.9	71.9
Rocky Mountain	927.9	365.4	202.1	66.6	25.4	136.4	41.0	56.7	34.2
Colorado	474.1	198.5	94.7	31.8	14.2	59.7	19.7	29.5	25.8
Idaho	105.2	34.4	24.5	8.5	2.7	20.2	4.7	8.1	2.1
Montana	122.6	47.1	26.3	7.9	3.2	20.9	6.5	8.4	2.4
Utah	162.4	58.3	40.4	14.2	3.6	26.1	8.2	8.6	3.2
Wyoming	63.6	27.2	16.2	4.1	1.7	9.5	2.0	2.1	.8
Far West	5,894.1	2,118.3	1,473.8	550.5	186.0	838.8	182.8	325.5	218.3
California	4,545.9	1,645.6	1,148.7	427.1	150.2	635.3	132.3	236.1	170.6
Nevada	87.3	30.1	20.5	6.5	2.6	18.6	2.7	2.9	3.4
Oregon	385.3	129.5	91.4	37.7	11.4	57.4	16.9	33.1	7.9
Washington	665.3	217.9	172.1	62.2	17.7	102.1	23.9	48.9	20.5
Alaska	61.3	39.3	7.7	2.9	1.1	6.3	1.4	.4	2.3
Hawaii	149.0	55.9	33.3	14.2	3.1	19.2	5.5	4.2	13.6
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	2,677.7	1,143.7	558.8	195.4	90.1	301.5	90.6	225.0	72.6
Middle Atlantic	8,182.5	3,377.4	1,956.6	677.1	268.6	962.8	247.8	416.2	276.0
East North Central	7,909.3	3,118.4	1,870.1	561.2	204.5	1,146.4	271.9	509.0	227.8
West North Central	3,171.2	1,247.6	695.7	226.7	92.8	428.8	123.6	283.9	72.2
South Atlantic	4,923.4	1,960.3	1,144.1	345.5	147.7	771.2	175.4	222.8	156.3
East South Central	1,881.0	759.7	450.7	120.0	46.2	295.8	67.0	85.9	55.8
West South Central	3,119.0	1,195.7	715.1	189.6	85.3	508.7	98.5	212.4	113.7
Mountain	1,482.6	587.9	331.0	104.6	40.7	227.1	59.9	78.1	53.3
Pacific	5,806.7	2,088.2	1,453.2	544.0	183.4	820.2	180.1	322.6	214.9

Notes: Detail may not add to totals as a result of rounding. Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-2. Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Type of Good or Service; Calendar Year 1969 (Amounts in Millions).

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	$56,309.6	$23,688.3	$12,648.0	$4,197.4	$1,470.8	$7,144.6	$1,706.0	$3,805.0	$1,649.5
New England	3,864.9	1,758.0	764.6	266.0	119.2	396.8	127.0	333.9	99.4
Connecticut	993.6	396.3	230.2	77.9	36.4	111.8	28.7	86.0	26.3
Maine	238.2	105.5	48.2	12.4	7.1	29.6	7.8	22.6	5.1
Massachusetts	2,044.0	994.4	364.8	140.6	56.1	187.6	70.3	179.1	51.0
New Hampshire	177.9	70.2	42.0	10.5	7.7	20.8	5.9	14.7	6.1
Rhode Island	293.0	137.1	57.9	17.2	7.6	33.5	11.5	19.9	8.4
Vermont	118.2	54.4	21.6	7.4	4.3	13.5	2.9	11.6	2.5
Mideast	13,388.8	6,061.7	2,922.8	1,057.5	385.0	1,431.4	389.7	741.5	399.3
Delaware	156.2	70.0	32.0	9.2	4.8	22.5	5.3	6.3	6.3
District of Columbia	512.0	248.5	133.4	32.0	11.5	50.0	12.6	7.3	16.8
Maryland	1,048.6	464.9	227.3	75.2	25.2	134.9	31.4	65.2	24.4
New Jersey	1,880.8	727.1	450.7	174.0	59.5	246.5	61.2	104.0	57.8
New York	6,522.2	3,071.1	1,404.4	553.5	180.5	599.7	169.8	350.9	192.4
Pennsylvania	3,268.9	1,480.2	675.1	213.5	103.4	377.9	109.4	207.9	101.6
Great Lakes	11,100.6	4,635.0	2,516.7	774.8	243.7	1,461.6	355.7	817.2	295.7
Illinois	3,300.5	1,447.4	706.0	228.2	73.6	410.0	116.9	221.2	97.3
Indiana	1,281.3	483.5	313.7	83.6	23.9	200.7	43.5	100.6	31.8
Michigan	2,534.4	1,071.6	568.6	193.0	48.5	340.3	64.2	184.2	64.0
Ohio	2,778.4	1,126.3	663.1	186.7	68.7	383.3	91.3	185.9	73.1
Wisconsin	1,205.9	506.3	265.3	83.3	29.1	127.3	39.8	125.4	29.6
Plains	4,410.7	1,872.9	863.4	308.0	112.8	546.6	159.2	451.9	95.9
Iowa	741.4	285.5	151.4	51.4	19.4	90.2	29.5	100.3	13.7
Kansas	591.7	257.1	112.1	37.0	16.5	81.0	19.7	57.4	10.9
Minnesota	1,086.7	455.6	207.9	88.1	27.0	118.1	38.7	124.5	26.8
Missouri	1,270.4	566.5	254.0	82.0	36.7	166.2	42.2	89.3	33.5
Nebraska	394.2	167.4	76.3	29.7	6.9	52.1	15.7	40.0	6.2
North Dakota	167.2	74.5	34.1	9.2	2.9	18.7	5.5	20.3	2.0
South Dakota	159.0	66.3	27.7	10.6	3.4	20.3	8.0	20.0	2.8
Southeast	9,479.9	3,933.8	2,130.7	656.6	236.0	1,419.0	293.6	524.4	285.8
Alabama	720.9	312.9	156.9	46.1	15.6	103.0	19.1	49.0	18.4
Arkansas	374.9	145.7	77.3	21.9	7.0	59.1	9.3	41.0	13.6
Florida	1,763.7	678.1	407.2	150.9	66.3	265.7	59.7	96.3	39.5
Georgia	995.4	389.7	241.1	71.2	21.0	145.3	32.5	60.4	34.3
Kentucky	696.6	288.5	152.0	40.4	13.6	106.8	23.2	43.9	28.3
Louisiana	810.6	337.6	202.5	50.3	17.2	122.8	18.4	47.0	14.9
Mississippi	361.1	160.0	71.9	21.2	10.8	58.2	11.5	14.9	12.5
North Carolina	1,026.5	421.5	230.2	66.8	23.6	165.8	31.5	57.6	29.4
South Carolina	461.6	199.9	85.2	29.0	14.2	73.6	13.5	24.3	22.0
Tennessee	899.3	395.6	201.3	61.7	17.3	128.9	27.8	38.7	28.1
Virginia	974.7	419.2	216.8	76.4	22.6	135.1	33.5	41.8	29.4
West Virginia	394.7	185.0	88.4	20.7	7.0	54.8	13.8	9.5	15.6
Southwest	4,086.8	1,657.1	914.6	247.3	101.0	599.2	107.6	311.5	148.4
Arizona	471.6	203.0	114.0	31.7	12.2	63.1	12.6	22.7	12.4
New Mexico	214.9	95.4	41.5	15.2	5.7	32.6	6.7	9.0	8.9
Oklahoma	667.8	254.7	153.0	37.5	11.6	90.3	19.9	78.9	21.8
Texas	2,732.5	1,104.0	606.1	163.0	71.5	413.3	68.5	200.9	105.3
Rocky Mountain	1,299.5	532.6	279.9	89.1	32.3	179.2	48.9	86.7	50.8
Colorado	678.4	291.9	135.5	43.3	18.9	80.4	23.5	46.2	38.9
Idaho	147.7	52.9	32.5	11.1	3.4	27.2	5.6	11.9	3.2
Montana	161.7	65.4	34.5	10.5	3.9	25.4	7.7	11.8	2.5
Utah	225.0	84.5	56.1	19.1	4.2	33.8	9.7	12.6	4.9
Wyoming	86.6	37.9	21.3	5.2	2.0	12.5	2.4	4.1	1.3
Far West	8,678.4	3,237.2	2,255.2	798.1	240.9	1,110.7	224.2	537.9	274.1
California	6,691.0	2,516.8	1,745.9	618.2	193.2	833.3	162.4	405.7	215.5
Nevada	134.3	51.3	34.6	10.3	3.6	23.6	3.2	4.9	2.8
Oregon	559.9	196.9	136.4	52.3	14.2	77.5	20.8	49.8	12.1
Washington	984.2	338.0	267.5	92.1	23.1	139.3	29.3	69.6	25.2
Alaska	83.7	48.7	13.0	4.7	2.7	8.8	1.8	.6	3.4
Hawaii	225.3	85.5	57.7	20.5	4.2	28.2	6.8	7.4	15.0
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	3,864.9	1,758.0	764.6	266.0	119.2	396.8	127.0	333.9	99.4
Middle Atlantic	11,672.0	5,278.3	2,530.2	941.0	343.4	1,224.1	340.4	662.7	351.8
East North Central	11,100.6	4,635.0	2,516.7	774.8	243.7	1,461.6	355.7	817.2	295.7
West North Central	4,410.7	1,872.9	863.4	308.0	112.8	546.6	159.2	451.9	95.9
South Atlantic	7,333.4	3,076.9	1,661.5	531.4	196.1	1,047.6	233.8	368.7	217.6
East South Central	2,677.9	1,157.0	582.0	169.4	57.3	396.9	81.4	146.5	87.3
West South Central	4,585.8	1,842.0	1,039.0	272.7	107.3	685.5	116.1	367.8	155.6
Mountain	2,120.2	882.3	470.0	146.2	53.8	298.4	71.4	123.2	74.9
Pacific	8,544.1	3,185.9	2,220.5	787.8	237.4	1,087.1	221.0	533.1	271.3

Notes: Detail may not add to totals as a result of rounding. Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-3. Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Type of Good or Service; Calendar Year 1972 (Amounts in Millions).

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	$79,426.0	$34,601.2	$17,158.0	$5,624.0	$1,801.0	$9,335.1	$2,262.5	$6,457.0	$2,187.3
New England	5,290.7	2,479.8	972.3	351.1	125.8	520.1	135.2	568.3	138.1
Connecticut	1,339.6	564.1	279.0	102.8	37.7	146.2	27.0	149.5	33.3
Maine	340.0	141.9	66.6	17.5	8.5	40.1	13.1	40.9	11.3
Massachusetts	2,795.9	1,407.7	465.6	181.1	58.3	244.6	69.1	300.3	69.3
New Hampshire	255.1	101.4	57.8	15.9	8.4	28.0	7.7	27.6	8.1
Rhode Island	398.3	190.7	77.7	23.0	8.4	42.6	13.2	31.9	10.9
Vermont	161.8	74.1	25.6	10.7	4.5	18.5	5.1	18.0	5.1
Mideast	18,132.5	8,726.9	3,681.5	1,304.4	452.9	1,806.7	407.1	1,191.8	561.1
Delaware	217.9	99.4	46.0	13.3	4.7	29.4	5.2	11.5	8.4
District of Columbia	702.7	412.2	140.2	28.9	10.9	67.5	7.3	11.9	23.9
Maryland	1,576.5	749.6	328.1	109.6	28.9	179.5	36.8	98.5	45.4
New Jersey	2,602.7	1,057.8	602.1	232.3	69.2	311.2	65.0	174.8	90.3
New York	8,623.4	4,300.6	1,707.8	646.4	226.6	756.6	164.9	566.3	254.3
Pennsylvania	4,409.2	2,107.4	857.4	273.9	112.6	462.5	127.9	328.8	138.7
Great Lakes	15,492.6	6,761.8	3,296.2	1,044.5	287.9	1,825.7	494.3	1,381.0	401.3
Illinois	4,564.8	2,177.1	874.4	293.5	88.2	478.3	158.7	367.7	127.0
Indiana	1,777.9	702.0	389.5	106.8	29.2	260.3	68.3	173.6	48.3
Michigan	3,555.4	1,517.1	767.7	275.6	58.5	446.8	93.1	311.6	84.9
Ohio	3,866.8	1,640.6	891.9	251.2	77.4	483.4	121.1	295.5	105.8
Wisconsin	1,727.7	725.0	372.7	117.4	34.7	156.8	53.1	232.7	35.3
Plains	6,095.9	2,586.8	1,188.7	419.6	138.1	686.7	220.2	719.6	136.1
Iowa	1,004.6	393.2	194.8	69.6	25.0	111.1	44.4	146.5	20.1
Kansas	848.6	357.8	161.6	50.1	20.7	110.4	37.2	93.3	17.4
Minnesota	1,491.4	642.8	273.6	115.9	30.2	139.3	41.6	212.8	35.1
Missouri	1,734.6	768.5	364.5	114.6	44.3	208.9	51.3	139.7	42.7
Nebraska	562.9	237.4	109.7	40.1	9.9	69.8	21.1	64.3	10.6
North Dakota	231.6	98.0	49.0	15.0	3.7	21.1	11.1	29.7	4.1
South Dakota	221.3	89.1	35.6	14.4	4.3	26.2	13.6	33.2	6.0
Southeast	14,245.9	6,131.5	3,118.1	945.1	305.5	1,995.8	390.2	954.0	405.6
Alabama	1,068.4	475.1	220.8	63.3	20.3	149.0	25.5	79.0	35.4
Arkansas	573.9	227.8	113.8	30.6	10.2	85.5	17.1	69.3	19.5
Florida	2,824.3	1,138.2	692.2	232.3	90.6	368.6	58.8	185.1	58.5
Georgia	1,558.6	648.8	353.2	104.8	25.4	207.8	35.8	133.5	49.3
Kentucky	956.3	403.2	187.8	51.5	19.3	147.0	34.1	77.7	35.6
Louisiana	1,208.5	543.5	272.9	66.3	23.4	171.1	28.4	81.8	21.2
Mississippi	562.6	254.6	108.4	31.4	14.7	82.2	15.5	34.6	21.2
North Carolina	1,492.3	637.1	316.3	99.8	29.3	238.3	45.9	84.1	41.6
South Carolina	670.1	285.4	128.8	41.9	15.1	106.8	23.0	43.0	26.1
Tennessee	1,320.3	606.6	284.9	86.1	23.6	175.4	41.5	66.3	35.7
Virginia	1,443.5	638.7	322.3	109.3	24.8	186.7	41.4	78.9	41.3
West Virginia	567.4	272.5	116.6	28.0	8.7	77.5	23.2	20.8	20.1
Southwest	5,973.8	2,443.2	1,350.7	355.0	134.3	816.0	171.0	529.0	174.7
Arizona	753.8	338.3	181.3	54.7	16.5	91.0	14.6	33.4	24.1
New Mexico	302.8	130.4	62.5	21.0	7.0	43.1	9.4	15.8	13.6
Oklahoma	930.8	349.9	204.6	50.2	16.8	130.1	28.0	122.9	28.4
Texas	3,986.5	1,624.7	902.3	229.2	94.0	551.8	118.9	356.9	108.6
Rocky Mountain	1,843.6	749.8	404.5	139.2	42.2	241.2	58.8	148.0	60.0
Colorado	949.1	412.6	195.5	69.0	23.0	109.1	23.2	78.2	38.7
Idaho	223.0	78.7	50.4	16.9	4.9	38.6	9.5	19.3	4.7
Montana	232.7	87.4	50.4	16.8	5.4	31.9	12.1	23.3	5.5
Utah	324.6	128.6	80.5	29.3	6.5	44.8	8.1	19.2	7.6
Wyoming	114.2	42.6	27.7	7.2	2.4	16.8	5.9	8.1	3.6
Far West	12,351.1	4,721.3	3,146.0	1,065.1	314.3	1,442.8	385.8	965.3	310.4
California	9,564.6	3,726.7	2,462.6	812.2	250.8	1,073.6	293.9	707.8	237.0
Nevada	213.5	83.4	57.2	17.3	4.6	30.1	5.2	10.7	5.0
Oregon	797.5	276.6	189.8	75.4	18.8	106.2	33.1	80.6	17.0
Washington	1,340.4	458.5	327.4	121.6	32.5	175.7	43.3	148.7	32.6
Alaska	109.1	53.8	22.3	7.2	2.4	12.3	2.8	2.8	5.4
Hawaii	326.0	122.2	86.8	31.4	5.1	44.9	7.5	14.6	13.4
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	5,290.7	2,479.8	972.3	351.1	125.8	520.1	135.2	568.3	138.1
Middle Atlantic	15,635.3	7,465.7	3,167.3	1,152.6	408.4	1,530.3	357.8	1,069.9	483.3
East North Central	15,492.6	6,761.8	3,296.2	1,044.5	287.9	1,825.7	494.3	1,381.0	401.3
West North Central	6,095.9	2,586.8	1,188.7	419.6	138.1	686.7	220.2	719.6	136.1
South Atlantic	11,053.2	4,881.9	2,443.8	767.8	238.4	1,462.1	277.4	667.2	314.7
East South Central	3,907.5	1,739.5	801.9	232.2	78.0	553.7	116.6	257.7	127.9
West South Central	6,699.6	2,745.9	1,493.6	376.2	144.5	938.4	192.4	630.8	177.7
Mountain	3,113.6	1,301.8	705.4	232.1	70.2	405.4	88.0	208.0	102.7
Pacific	12,137.6	4,637.9	3,088.8	1,047.8	309.7	1,412.8	380.6	954.6	305.5

Notes: Detail may not add to totals as a result of rounding. Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-4. Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Type of Good or Service; Calendar Year 1976 (Amounts in Millions).

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	$130,762.4	$59,175.4	$27,555.0	$9,444.0	$3,201.0	$13,022.3	$3,412.5	$11,416.6	$3,535.6
New England	8,313.4	4,009.3	1,401.3	557.5	188.2	690.5	190.6	1,051.8	224.2
Connecticut	2,071.4	894.6	389.1	168.1	53.4	193.6	38.7	278.3	55.6
Maine	587.4	262.3	108.1	32.0	15.2	54.6	19.0	76.1	20.0
Massachusetts	4,340.0	2,255.6	656.3	270.7	87.1	319.5	96.0	548.4	106.4
New Hampshire	425.0	176.6	98.1	31.9	12.4	45.2	10.7	36.2	14.0
Rhode Island	632.2	304.9	115.1	35.7	12.4	51.9	17.7	76.0	18.5
Vermont	257.4	115.4	34.6	19.2	7.7	25.7	8.4	36.8	9.7
Mideast	28,246.1	13,939.1	5,156.4	1,878.0	793.1	2,373.8	566.5	2,696.5	842.7
Delaware	351.1	168.9	70.4	23.3	6.1	37.9	7.4	24.8	12.3
District of Columbia	941.3	625.4	153.1	25.8	15.4	58.0	10.2	15.8	37.7
Maryland	2,510.9	1,175.4	533.1	193.2	43.4	245.1	54.4	192.9	73.4
New Jersey	4,226.9	1,829.4	935.6	358.9	116.0	429.4	87.9	333.6	136.2
New York	13,265.8	6,634.6	2,210.9	844.7	447.9	969.9	223.0	1,557.7	377.0
Pennsylvania	6,950.1	3,505.4	1,253.3	432.1	164.3	633.5	183.6	571.7	206.1
Great Lakes	24,865.7	11,563.0	5,060.4	1,791.1	438.1	2,431.6	724.9	2,229.0	627.6
Illinois	7,128.2	3,596.0	1,297.0	473.4	141.9	612.3	221.0	590.8	195.8
Indiana	2,878.5	1,239.0	554.5	174.2	41.7	376.5	105.7	309.5	77.5
Michigan	5,740.2	2,640.4	1,216.2	494.1	90.1	586.6	136.3	445.4	131.1
Ohio	6,333.7	2,880.0	1,389.0	436.7	111.4	625.2	182.2	549.3	159.8
Wisconsin	2,785.1	1,207.5	603.7	212.7	53.0	231.0	79.7	334.1	63.5
Plains	10,009.5	4,496.3	1,978.3	695.2	213.6	914.5	316.9	1,180.6	214.2
Iowa	1,613.3	674.9	294.6	117.0	38.7	156.6	60.8	236.5	34.3
Kansas	1,381.7	600.1	294.8	81.6	32.0	130.6	60.2	151.3	31.2
Minnesota	2,397.5	1,054.0	432.7	189.3	41.2	195.5	61.0	371.2	52.5
Missouri	2,945.9	1,430.5	605.4	197.2	74.2	275.5	72.0	230.0	61.0
Nebraska	914.2	394.5	197.0	63.3	16.1	91.3	29.8	105.5	16.6
North Dakota	402.7	180.8	97.0	26.5	5.4	30.8	15.8	38.6	7.8
South Dakota	354.2	161.4	56.8	20.3	5.9	34.0	17.4	47.5	10.8
Southeast	25,164.9	11,174.2	5,658.5	1,662.1	615.0	3,063.9	622.7	1,681.8	686.7
Alabama	1,881.5	875.3	384.0	111.4	41.1	222.9	38.5	151.7	56.5
Arkansas	1,027.0	421.5	208.7	54.1	16.7	138.6	31.2	121.5	34.8
Florida	5,455.4	2,287.8	1,459.6	412.6	223.2	579.0	100.1	288.4	104.9
Georgia	2,623.8	1,147.6	610.3	185.5	38.2	320.3	55.0	189.9	76.9
Kentucky	1,552.6	702.7	277.6	81.7	34.3	212.9	50.6	140.4	52.4
Louisiana	2,006.4	923.2	436.6	118.0	52.8	243.1	45.3	153.2	34.2
Mississippi	1,040.2	472.1	214.0	56.0	38.9	131.1	24.2	70.8	33.1
North Carolina	2,564.3	1,108.4	544.3	182.3	50.1	374.6	68.8	164.1	71.6
South Carolina	1,238.5	542.0	244.9	75.3	22.1	176.4	39.1	82.7	56.1
Tennessee	2,298.6	1,076.7	506.5	146.3	48.0	262.7	69.2	125.0	64.2
Virginia	2,535.2	1,132.2	586.9	192.5	35.8	290.2	69.3	157.0	71.3
West Virginia	941.5	484.9	185.0	46.3	13.7	112.2	31.4	37.1	30.8
Southwest	10,504.0	4,457.4	2,422.9	687.5	264.8	1,227.8	288.0	871.2	284.3
Arizona	1,365.8	598.2	363.0	110.7	33.7	141.4	22.6	51.3	44.9
New Mexico	545.7	265.9	112.9	37.2	13.3	58.9	16.3	19.8	21.5
Oklahoma	1,513.5	623.8	327.5	89.2	29.2	185.3	46.9	166.5	45.1
Texas	7,079.0	2,969.5	1,619.5	450.4	188.6	842.2	202.2	633.6	172.8
Rocky Mountain	3,108.9	1,298.2	686.2	269.1	77.1	323.5	93.2	261.7	100.0
Colorado	1,583.7	709.4	323.9	131.2	38.2	144.7	37.7	143.2	55.4
Idaho	386.4	136.4	91.9	33.0	10.7	50.9	14.5	39.7	9.3
Montana	381.8	144.4	90.2	33.1	9.7	42.0	19.1	30.9	12.5
Utah	579.3	235.1	141.1	57.7	14.5	64.7	12.8	38.3	15.2
Wyoming	177.7	72.9	39.0	14.1	4.1	21.1	9.2	9.6	7.7
Far West	20.550.0	8,238.1	5,191.0	1,903.5	611.1	1,996.8	609.7	1,443.9	556.0
California	15,850.6	6,459.6	4,116.8	1,400.3	483.9	1,480.4	456.7	1,028.7	424.2
Nevada	425.0	175.9	113.6	39.4	8.8	51.0	9.4	18.8	8.1
Oregon	1,386.4	510.5	314.3	142.4	36.7	161.1	53.8	138.4	29.0
Washington	2,121.5	787.3	449.9	241.3	70.4	223.7	70.8	225.6	52.5
Alaska	230.1	107.3	45.8	21.5	3.2	24.6	6.6	7.3	13.8
Hawaii	536.4	197.5	150.6	58.7	8.1	55.9	12.3	25.0	28.3
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	8,313.4	4,009.3	1,401.3	557.5	188.2	690.5	190.6	1,051.8	224.2
Middle Atlantic	24,442.7	11,969.4	4,399.7	1,635.8	728.2	2,032.8	494.5	2,462.9	719.3
East North Central	24,865.7	11,563.0	5,060.4	1,791.1	438.1	2,431.6	724.9	2,229.0	627.6
West North Central	10,009.5	4,496.3	1,978.3	695.2	213.6	914.5	316.9	1,180.6	214.2
South Atlantic	19,161.9	8,672.6	4,387.6	1,336.8	448.0	2,193.6	435.6	1,152.9	534.8
East South Central	6,772.8	3,126.7	1,382.2	395.5	162.4	829.6	182.5	487.9	206.2
West South Central	11,625.9	4,938.0	2,592.3	711.7	287.3	1,409.3	325.6	1,074.8	286.9
Mountain	5,445.4	2,338.1	1,275.7	456.3	132.9	574.8	141.4	351.5	174.5
Pacific	20,125.0	8,062.2	5,077.5	1,864.1	602.3	1,945.7	600.3	1,425.1	547.9

Notes: Detail may not add to totals as a result of rounding. Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-5. Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Type of Good or Service; Calendar Year 1977 (Amounts in Millions).

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	$147,664.9	$66,979.7	$31,847.0	$10,534.0	$3,564.0	$14,065.8	$3,657.0	$13,207.4	$3,809.9
New England	9,274.0	4,530.0	1,559.5	605.3	203.0	737.2	199.1	1,190.8	249.1
Connecticut	2,314.1	991.4	440.2	185.4	60.9	206.0	42.1	317.0	71.0
Maine	666.0	304.2	120.0	38.6	17.1	58.6	17.7	89.8	19.9
Massachusetts	4,834.8	2,566.1	728.3	285.2	91.5	338.9	101.9	608.6	114.1
New Hampshire	474.8	203.8	106.6	37.5	11.9	51.0	9.8	40.3	14.0
Rhode Island	702.3	339.4	124.6	38.5	12.8	54.8	18.2	94.2	19.9
Vermont	282.0	125.2	39.8	20.1	8.7	27.8	9.4	40.9	10.1
Mideast	30,967.2	15,214.3	5,854.0	2,078.5	873.8	2,523.1	582.1	2,998.0	843.3
Delaware	389.9	186.2	78.4	27.9	6.8	39.9	8.6	30.8	11.4
District of Columbia	1,040.6	687.1	180.8	27.5	18.7	55.2	11.0	21.4	38.9
Maryland	2,779.5	1,319.6	591.0	208.5	48.6	263.1	58.3	213.0	77.4
New Jersey	4,725.8	2,022.9	1,083.6	405.8	139.1	461.7	93.8	374.3	144.6
New York	14,149.8	7,032.2	2,480.6	911.9	481.0	1,022.9	221.7	1,650.9	348.6
Pennsylvania	7,881.6	3,966.4	1,439.6	496.9	179.6	680.4	188.7	707.6	222.4
Great Lakes	28,027.6	13,018.1	5,894.6	1,976.2	523.8	2,599.1	779.3	2,588.6	648.1
Illinois	8,009.2	4,094.8	1,464.2	522.0	180.5	647.8	238.9	681.1	180.0
Indiana	3,280.4	1,415.8	660.2	191.9	47.1	411.0	111.8	354.6	88.0
Michigan	6,529.9	2,972.3	1,464.1	550.2	116.4	624.4	143.7	518.8	139.9
Ohio	7,093.7	3,210.1	1,622.9	475.5	112.2	663.0	193.3	644.6	172.1
Wisconsin	3,114.5	1,325.1	683.2	236.5	67.6	252.9	91.6	389.4	68.1
Plains	11,367.9	5,165.7	2,254.9	776.6	219.2	976.2	336.0	1,408.7	230.4
Iowa	1,861.5	795.5	336.1	129.1	46.0	169.4	64.9	283.1	37.5
Kansas	1,573.1	698.4	336.3	91.8	29.9	135.7	64.4	181.8	34.8
Minnesota	2,680.6	1,200.6	456.0	207.0	39.5	211.3	64.5	447.2	54.3
Missouri	3,372.1	1,640.6	715.8	226.3	80.2	293.3	76.1	274.5	65.3
Nebraska	1,014.7	439.0	225.9	71.7	12.5	96.8	30.7	120.0	18.3
North Dakota	461.6	212.3	111.8	28.5	5.1	33.7	16.3	46.3	7.7
South Dakota	404.2	179.4	73.0	22.3	6.0	36.0	19.0	55.8	12.6
Southeast	28,837.9	12,916.1	6,597.3	1,839.8	676.4	3,377.9	668.5	1,995.8	766.0
Alabama	2,158.1	1,029.2	435.5	132.9	49.2	244.4	38.3	168.2	60.4
Arkansas	1,166.4	480.5	243.8	61.3	15.9	155.2	34.8	141.3	33.6
Florida	6,235.5	2,674.4	1,689.0	441.6	235.7	634.4	119.3	323.9	117.2
Georgia	3,033.3	1,323.0	704.9	209.0	51.6	354.5	60.0	241.9	88.4
Kentucky	1,752.0	784.1	340.5	91.2	34.7	231.5	52.9	161.9	55.1
Louisiana	2,302.9	1,059.9	518.7	133.1	61.8	264.5	46.7	179.2	39.1
Mississippi	1,205.2	546.7	245.3	63.3	49.1	146.1	25.8	89.1	39.7
North Carolina	2,913.0	1,269.8	617.8	199.7	49.1	416.3	72.5	201.3	86.5
South Carolina	1,416.3	621.6	283.8	86.1	24.2	197.8	42.7	102.9	57.2
Tennessee	2,674.9	1,272.5	601.3	164.7	49.7	289.1	76.4	151.7	69.5
Virginia	2,923.3	1,304.0	700.0	205.8	40.0	321.3	68.9	195.9	87.4
West Virginia	1,056.9	550.4	216.7	51.0	15.4	122.7	30.3	38.5	31.9
Southwest	11,947.2	5,170.1	2,766.9	771.2	276.6	1,348.3	310.8	991.9	311.4
Arizona	1,529.5	688.5	400.3	119.6	32.4	155.8	23.8	60.7	48.3
New Mexico	618.6	302.9	129.6	41.8	12.0	63.1	20.6	24.2	24.5
Oklahoma	1,717.0	726.6	369.2	98.2	29.8	201.0	51.7	190.8	49.8
Texas	8,082.0	3,452.2	1,867.8	511.6	202.4	928.3	214.7	716.2	188.7
Rocky Mountain	3,547.3	1,480.2	792.5	303.8	82.4	346.6	103.2	310.6	128.0
Colorado	1,777.9	778.6	369.8	146.0	44.1	154.4	43.4	167.5	74.1
Idaho	452.1	161.5	112.1	38.7	12.9	54.2	16.7	46.2	9.8
Montana	447.1	179.0	103.4	38.3	9.7	44.8	18.6	38.6	14.8
Utah	662.3	276.9	161.3	64.3	12.7	70.8	13.6	46.9	15.9
Wyoming	207.9	84.1	45.9	16.5	3.0	22.4	11.1	11.4	13.5
Far West	23,695.7	9,485.2	6,127.2	2,182.7	708.7	2,157.5	677.9	1,722.9	633.6
California	18,244.9	7,424.4	4,846.9	1,610.7	555.1	1,597.2	500.7	1,231.9	477.9
Nevada	505.5	206.3	140.2	43.8	9.7	58.1	12.5	25.3	9.5
Oregon	1,617.8	597.4	373.8	162.7	41.6	179.0	60.8	168.0	34.4
Washington	2,443.0	903.3	532.7	271.1	91.0	237.0	82.7	261.8	63.5
Alaska	265.1	126.0	52.0	28.5	2.8	28.0	6.0	6.5	15.4
Hawaii	619.4	227.7	181.7	65.8	8.5	58.3	15.2	29.4	32.9
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	9,274.0	4,530.0	1,559.5	605.3	203.0	737.2	199.1	1,190.8	249.1
Middle Atlantic	26,757.2	13,021.5	5,003.8	1,814.6	799.7	2,165.0	504.2	2,732.9	715.6
East North Central	28,027.6	13,018.1	5,894.6	1,976.2	523.8	2,599.1	779.3	2,588.6	648.1
West North Central	11,367.9	5,165.7	2,254.9	776.6	219.2	976.2	336.0	1,408.7	230.4
South Atlantic	21,788.4	9,936.1	5,062.4	1,457.2	490.1	2,405.1	471.5	1,369.5	596.4
East South Central	7,790.1	3,632.5	1,622.6	452.1	182.6	911.2	193.4	571.0	224.6
West South Central	13,268.4	5,719.1	2,999.5	804.2	309.9	1,549.0	347.9	1,227.5	311.2
Mountain	6,201.0	2,677.8	1,462.6	509.0	136.5	623.7	160.1	420.8	210.4
Pacific	23,190.2	9,278.8	5,987.0	2,138.8	699.1	2,099.4	665.4	1,697.7	624.0

Notes: Detail may not add to totals as a result of rounding. Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-6. Personal Health Care Expenditures, by Type of Good or Service; Calendar Year 1978 (Amounts In Millions).

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	$165,517.8	$74,848.7	$35,800.6	$11,777.0	$4,116.0	$15,413.3	$4,131.8	$15,208.8	$4,221.7
New England	10,307.0	4,963.1	1,781.3	669.2	236.5	801.0	218.3	1,353.1	284.6
Connecticut	2,559.9	1,085.4	496.0	206.2	72.2	223.5	47.9	355.2	73.6
Maine	738.5	330.5	133.5	42.7	19.6	64.0	18.5	107.8	21.9
Massachusetts	5,367.5	2,811.3	848.1	312.4	106.4	366.9	110.7	673.3	138.4
New Hampshire	540.5	228.0	118.5	42.7	14.0	56.6	10.4	53.0	17.3
Rhode Island	787.1	372.9	140.3	42.6	14.3	59.5	19.6	115.6	22.2
Vermont	313.5	135.1	44.8	22.6	10.0	30.5	11.2	48.3	11.1
Mideast	34,025.3	16,550.0	6,595.3	2,271.6	1,001.9	2,723.8	639.8	3,332.2	910.6
Delaware	431.8	204.5	87.4	30.8	7.8	43.4	9.6	35.7	12.7
District of Columbia	1,135.9	747.3	208.4	29.2	20.5	58.7	12.2	18.0	41.6
Maryland	3,133.2	1,493.4	677.4	233.5	55.4	286.0	66.0	234.6	86.9
New Jersey	5,139.6	2,159.7	1,200.5	445.5	162.1	500.9	100.4	411.4	159.1
New York	15,211.0	7,369.2	2,801.2	989.9	549.7	1,099.3	244.2	1,785.4	372.0
Pennsylvania	8,973.8	4,575.8	1,620.4	542.7	206.5	735.6	207.3	847.2	238.3
Great Lakes	31,483.0	14,614.1	6,624.6	2,186.4	600.0	2,837.0	865.0	3,053.7	702.2
Illinois	9,053.8	4,602.1	1,642.0	573.0	207.1	703.1	257.5	880.5	188.6
Indiana	3,655.5	1,572.7	730.4	212.5	54.1	448.3	126.2	414.0	97.3
Michigan	7,376.0	3,382.6	1,661.1	614.8	134.0	679.4	160.2	587.2	156.8
Ohio	7,963.6	3,601.7	1,828.8	524.5	127.6	728.9	217.9	747.2	187.0
Wisconsin	3,434.0	1,455.0	762.3	261.6	77.1	277.3	103.3	424.8	72.6
Plains	12,829.5	5,830.1	2,549.2	872.7	254.1	1,062.0	383.6	1,620.6	257.3
Iowa	2,112.4	896.9	386.4	148.9	52.5	183.7	73.8	328.1	42.2
Kansas	1,787.6	794.0	378.6	103.8	34.3	147.9	76.4	214.7	37.9
Minnesota	2,955.9	1,295.9	519.8	229.9	45.5	230.2	71.4	503.2	59.9
Missouri	3,849.3	1,904.4	803.5	251.1	94.4	319.3	84.0	320.5	72.0
Nebraska	1,151.2	505.5	254.5	80.7	14.4	105.2	35.5	134.1	21.2
North Dakota	513.2	230.2	125.2	32.8	5.9	36.6	20.7	53.4	8.4
South Dakota	459.9	203.2	81.1	25.4	7.0	39.0	21.9	66.7	15.6
Southeast	32,491.1	14,542.3	7,389.7	2,072.0	790.3	3,716.5	766.6	2,352.2	861.5
Alabama	2,427.7	1,170.1	481.8	149.8	56.1	268.2	42.8	192.7	66.3
Arkansas	1,311.3	537.9	270.7	69.4	18.6	170.6	40.5	165.0	38.6
Florida	6,996.4	2,978.8	1,899.0	501.0	278.2	705.6	142.4	357.1	134.2
Georgia	3,410.1	1,494.9	788.7	236.2	60.7	389.3	68.9	272.8	98.6
Kentucky	1,958.7	874.8	376.7	101.0	40.5	253.9	58.4	193.4	60.1
Louisiana	2,612.0	1,217.5	577.1	151.2	69.9	290.4	53.4	207.2	45.3
Mississippi	1,383.8	626.7	274.2	70.4	55.5	160.0	29.6	121.4	46.1
North Carolina	3,306.5	1,429.5	706.2	224.6	57.6	456.4	82.0	253.3	96.9
South Carolina	1,584.5	686.5	313.3	95.8	30.9	217.9	49.7	127.0	63.4
Tennessee	3,009.9	1,429.5	675.2	186.5	58.2	317.3	87.3	180.1	75.8
Virginia	3,316.4	1,485.1	789.7	230.2	46.1	353.1	79.4	234.6	98.2
West Virginia	1,173.7	610.9	237.0	56.0	18.0	133.8	32.2	47.6	38.1
Southwest	13,548.4	5,896.1	3,111.6	881.6	319.2	1,494.5	361.0	1,130.6	353.7
Arizona	1,758.2	797.6	457.8	138.1	37.3	175.0	27.7	69.5	55.1
New Mexico	709.8	350.5	144.2	47.9	13.9	69.8	24.7	29.3	29.6
Oklahoma	1,934.3	824.5	411.3	112.3	34.6	221.2	59.9	214.3	56.2
Texas	9,146.1	3,923.5	2,098.3	583.3	233.5	1,028.5	248.7	817.5	212.9
Rocky Mountain	4,011.2	1,641.6	895.8	348.9	96.3	386.3	121.6	373.4	147.4
Colorado	2,005.1	856.8	425.9	167.7	51.8	171.6	51.5	195.8	84.0
Idaho	504.8	179.1	123.3	44.2	15.0	60.6	19.2	52.5	10.9
Montana	506.0	200.4	114.7	44.1	10.9	49.3	22.4	46.4	17.9
Utah	757.9	308.5	182.0	73.2	15.0	79.4	15.6	65.8	18.3
Wyoming	237.4	96.8	50.0	19.7	3.6	25.4	12.8	12.9	16.3
Far West	26,822.3	10,811.5	6,853.0	2,474.6	817.7	2,392.3	775.9	1,992.9	704.3
California	20,656.5	8,473.3	5,432.2	1,818.3	638.8	1,767.1	572.0	1,429.0	525.7
Nevada	595.2	250.5	155.1	52.4	11.6	66.7	15.2	32.1	11.6
Oregon	1,827.1	673.6	416.7	187.0	48.9	199.4	69.3	193.9	38.2
Washington	2,758.0	1,009.0	588.1	316.2	105.2	264.3	95.4	304.6	75.1
Alaska	294.7	147.1	56.9	28.6	3.2	30.7	6.4	4.9	17.0
Hawaii	690.8	258.0	204.1	72.2	10.0	64.0	17.6	28.5	36.6
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	10,307.0	4,963.1	1,781.3	669.2	236.5	801.0	218.3	1,353.1	284.6
Middle Atlantic	29,324.4	14,104.7	5,622.0	1,978.1	918.2	2,335.8	552.0	3,044.0	769.5
East North Central	31,483.0	14,614.1	6,624.6	2,186.4	600.0	2,837.0	865.0	3,053.7	702.2
West North Central	12,829.5	5,830.1	2,549.2	872.7	254.1	1,062.0	383.6	1,620.6	257.3
South Atlantic	24,488.5	11,131.0	5,707.2	1,637.3	575.2	2,644.1	542.5	1,580.6	670.6
East South Central	8,780.3	4,101.1	1,808.0	507.6	210.3	999.4	218.0	687.6	248.2
West South Central	15,003.7	6,503.5	3,357.4	916.2	356.6	1,710.7	402.4	1,404.0	352.9
Mountain	7,074.4	3,040.1	1,652.9	587.3	159.0	697.9	189.2	504.3	243.7
Pacific	26,227.1	10,561.0	6,697.9	2,422.2	806.1	2,325.6	760.7	1,960.9	692.6

Notes: Detail may not add to totals as a result of rounding. Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-7. Percentage of Personal Health Care Expenditures by Type of Good or Service, Calendar Year 1966.

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	100.0%	39.5%	23.4%	7.6%	3.0%	14.0%	3.4%	6.0%	3.2%
New England	100.0	42.7	20.9	7.3	3.4	11.3	3.4	8.4	2.7
Connecticut	100.0	38.0	23.5	8.1	4.2	12.3	3.0	7.8	3.1
Maine	100.0	42.8	21.2	5.6	3.1	13.4	3.2	8.6	2.0
Massachusetts	100.0	45.2	19.3	7.6	2.9	10.2	3.6	8.9	2.3
New Hampshire	100.0	38.6	22.9	6.0	4.5	12.1	3.3	8.2	4.3
Rhode Island	100.0	43.6	21.5	5.2	2.8	12.5	4.0	6.6	3.9
Vermont	100.0	43.9	19.1	6.3	4.0	12.3	2.6	9.9	1.9
Mideast	100.0	41.6	23.8	8.1	3.2	12.0	3.1	4.9	3.3
Delaware	100.0	43.2	20.5	5.5	3.6	15.9	3.7	3.6	4.2
District of Columbia	100.0	43.4	27.5	7.6	2.7	11.1	2.7	1.4	3.6
Maryland	100.0	44.2	21.1	6.8	2.8	14.4	3.4	4.9	2.4
New Jersey	100.0	36.3	25.5	8.7	3.3	14.4	3.4	5.0	3.4
New York	100.0	43.1	24.0	8.7	3.1	10.3	2.7	4.7	3.3
Pennsylvania	100.0	40.6	22.8	7.2	3.6	13.0	3.4	5.9	3.4
Great Lakes	100.0	39.4	23.6	7.1	2.6	14.5	3.4	6.4	2.9
Illinois	100.0	40.8	22.6	7.1	2.7	14.2	3.8	5.8	3.0
Indiana	100.0	35.0	26.0	6.6	2.2	17.1	3.7	6.7	2.7
Michigan	100.0	41.9	22.8	7.3	2.2	14.2	2.7	6.0	2.8
Ohio	100.0	37.8	24.8	7.0	2.8	15.0	3.5	6.2	2.8
Wisconsin	100.0	38.7	23.0	7.3	3.0	11.8	3.6	9.6	3.0
Plains	100.0	39.3	21.9	7.1	2.9	13.5	3.9	9.0	2.3
Iowa	100.0	34.8	24.0	7.3	3.0	13.3	4.2	11.4	1.9
Kansas	100.0	39.4	21.4	6.5	3.3	14.2	3.6	9.4	2.1
Minnesota	100.0	40.6	19.9	7.7	2.8	12.1	3.8	10.2	2.8
Missouri	100.0	40.5	22.9	6.9	3.3	14.5	3.7	6.0	2.3
Nebraska	100.0	38.3	22.8	7.7	2.0	14.0	4.3	8.6	2.3
North Dakota	100.0	42.5	22.3	5.4	1.9	13.4	3.4	9.7	1.4
South Dakota	100.0	41.8	18.5	6.9	2.2	13.3	5.1	10.4	1.8
Southeast	100.0	39.2	23.6	6.8	2.8	16.1	3.5	4.9	3.0
Alabama	100.0	41.5	23.5	6.5	2.5	15.1	3.1	5.4	2.3
Arkansas	100.0	39.6	21.1	5.8	2.1	16.4	3.0	9.4	2.6
Florida	100.0	35.2	23.3	8.0	4.3	17.2	3.9	5.8	2.3
Georgia	100.0	37.0	25.9	6.9	2.4	15.8	3.7	5.1	3.2
Kentucky	100.0	38.6	24.2	5.8	2.2	16.1	3.9	5.8	3.3
Louisiana	100.0	39.7	25.0	6.5	2.4	16.4	2.8	5.1	2.0
Mississippi	100.0	41.3	23.1	5.9	3.3	17.0	3.7	3.4	2.2
North Carolina	100.0	39.3	23.0	6.4	2.6	17.0	3.4	4.5	3.8
South Carolina	100.0	41.2	19.8	5.8	2.9	17.3	3.3	4.7	5.0
Tennessee	100.0	40.5	24.5	6.9	2.2	15.4	3.6	3.4	3.6
Virginia	100.0	41.8	22.2	7.4	2.6	14.8	3.8	4.1	3.4
West Virginia	100.0	43.6	24.7	5.7	2.0	14.5	3.6	2.1	3.7
Southwest	100.0	38.4	22.7	6.1	2.9	16.1	3.3	6.4	4.0
Arizona	100.0	40.0	25.3	6.8	2.7	14.9	3.4	4.2	2.7
New Mexico	100.0	43.5	19.0	6.7	2.7	16.4	3.6	3.5	4.7
Oklahoma	100.0	33.9	24.0	6.0	2.2	14.4	3.7	10.5	5.4
Texas	100.0	38.8	22.3	6.0	3.1	16.7	3.1	6.0	3.9
Rocky Mountain	100.0	39.4	21.8	7.2	2.7	14.7	4.4	6.1	3.7
Colorado	100.0	41.9	20.0	6.7	3.0	12.6	4.2	6.2	5.4
Idaho	100.0	32.7	23.3	8.1	2.6	19.2	4.5	7.7	2.0
Montana	100.0	38.4	21.4	6.5	2.6	17.0	5.3	6.8	2.0
Utah	100.0	35.9	24.9	8.8	2.2	16.1	5.0	5.3	1.9
Wyoming	100.0	42.7	25.5	6.5	2.6	15.0	3.1	3.3	1.3
Far West	100.0	35.9	25.0	9.3	3.2	14.2	3.1	5.5	3.7
California	100.0	36.2	25.3	9.4	3.3	14.0	2.9	5.2	3.8
Nevada	100.0	34.5	23.5	7.4	3.0	21.3	3.1	3.3	3.9
Oregon	100.0	33.6	23.7	9.8	2.9	14.9	4.4	8.6	2.1
Washington	100.0	32.8	25.9	9.4	2.7	15.3	3.6	7.4	3.1
Alaska	100.0	64.1	12.6	4.7	1.7	10.2	2.4	.6	3.7
Hawaii	100.0	37.5	22.4	9.5	2.1	12.9	3.7	2.8	9.1
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	100.0	42.7	20.9	7.3	3.4	11.3	3.4	8.4	2.7
Middle Atlantic	100.0	41.3	23.9	8.3	3.3	11.8	3.0	5.1	3.4
East North Central	100.0	39.4	23.6	7.1	2.6	14.5	3.4	6.4	2.9
West North Central	100.0	39.3	21.9	7.1	2.9	13.5	3.9	9.0	2.3
South Atlantic	100.0	39.8	23.2	7.0	3.0	15.7	3.6	4.5	3.2
East South Central	100.0	40.4	24.0	6.4	2.5	15.7	3.6	4.6	3.0
West South Central	100.0	38.3	22.9	6.1	2.7	16.3	3.2	6.8	3.6
Mountain	100.0	39.6	22.3	7.1	2.7	15.3	4.0	5.3	3.6
Pacific	100.0	36.0	25.0	9.4	3.2	14.1	3.1	5.6	3.7

Table A-8. Percentage of Personal Health Care Expenditures by Type of Good or Service, Calendar Year 1969.

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	100.0%	42.1%	22.5%	7.5%	2.6%	12.7%	3.0%	6.8%	2.9%
New England	100.0	45.5	19.8	6.9	3.1	10.3	3.3	8.6	2.6
Connecticut	100.0	39.9	23.2	7.8	3.7	11.3	2.9	8.7	2.7
Maine	100.0	44.3	20.2	5.2	3.0	12.4	3.3	9.5	2.1
Massachusetts	100.0	487	17.8	6.9	2.7	9.2	3.4	8.8	2.5
New Hampshire	100.0	39.5	23.6	5.9	4.3	11.7	3.3	8.3	3.4
Rhode Island	100.0	46.8	19.7	5.9	2.6	11.4	3.9	6.8	2.9
Vermont	100.0	46.1	18.3	6.3	3.6	11.4	2.4	9.9	2.1
Mideast	100.0	45.3	21.8	7.9	2.9	10.7	2.9	5.5	3.0
Delaware	100.0	44.8	20.5	5.9	3.1	14.4	3.4	4.0	4.0
District of Columbia	100.0	48.5	26.1	6.2	2.2	9.8	2.5	1.4	3.3
Maryland	100.0	44.3	21.7	7.2	2.4	12.9	3.0	6.2	2.3
New Jersey	100.0	38.7	24.0	9.3	3.2	13.1	3.3	5.5	3.1
New York	100.0	47.1	21.5	8.5	2.8	9.2	2.6	5.4	3.0
Pennsylvania	100.0	45.3	20.7	6.5	3.2	11.6	3.3	6.4	3.1
Great Lakes	100.0	41.8	22.7	7.0	2.2	13.2	3.2	7.4	2.7
Illinois	100.0	43.9	21.4	6.9	2.2	12.4	3.5	6.7	2.9
Indiana	100.0	37.7	24.5	6.5	1.9	15.7	3.4	7.9	2.5
Michigan	100.0	42.3	22.4	7.6	1.9	13.4	2.5	7.3	2.5
Ohio	100.0	40.5	23.9	6.7	2.5	13.8	3.3	6.7	2.6
Wisconsin	100.0	42.0	22.0	6.9	2.4	10.6	3.3	10.4	2.5
Plains	100.0	42.5	19.6	7.0	2.6	12.4	3.6	10.2	2.2
Iowa	100.0	38.5	20.4	6.9	2.6	12.2	4.0	13.5	1.9
Kansas	100.0	43.5	18.9	6.2	2.8	13.7	3.3	9.7	1.8
Minnesota	100.0	41.9	19.1	8.1	2.5	10.9	3.6	11.5	2.5
Missouri	100.0	44.6	20.0	6.5	2.9	13.1	3.3	7.0	2.6
Nebraska	100.0	42.5	19.4	7.5	1.7	13.2	4.0	10.2	1.6
North Dakota	100.0	44.5	20.4	5.5	1.7	11.2	3.3	12.2	1.2
South Dakota	100.0	41.7	17.4	6.7	2.1	12.8	5.0	12.6	1.8
Southeast	100.0	41.5	22.5	6.9	2.5	15.0	3.1	5.5	3.0
Alabama	100.0	43.4	21.8	6.4	2.2	14.3	2.6	6.8	2.5
Arkansas	100.0	38.9	20.6	5.8	1.9	15.8	2.5	10.9	3.6
Florida	100.0	38.4	23.1	8.6	3.8	15.1	3.4	5.5	2.2
Georgia	100.0	39.2	24.2	7.1	2.1	14.6	3.3	6.1	3.4
Kentucky	100.0	41.4	21.8	5.8	2.0	15.3	3.3	6.3	4.1
Louisiana	100.0	41.6	25.0	6.2	2.1	15.1	2.3	5.8	1.8
Mississippi	100.0	44.3	19.9	5.9	3.0	16.1	3.2	4.1	3.5
North Carolina	100.0	41.1	22.4	6.5	2.3	16.2	3.1	5.6	2.9
South Carolina	100.0	43.3	18.4	6.3	3.1	15.9	2.9	5.3	4.8
Tennessee	100.0	44.0	22.4	6.9	1.9	14.3	3.1	4.3	3.1
Virginia	100.0	43.0	22.2	7.8	2.3	13.9	3.4	4.3	3.0
West Virginia	100.0	46.9	22.4	5.2	1.8	13.9	3.5	2.4	3.9
Southwest	100.0	40.5	22.4	6.1	2.5	14.7	2.6	7.6	3.6
Arizona	100.0	43.1	24.2	6.7	2.6	13.4	2.7	4.8	2.6
New Mexico	100.0	44.4	19.3	7.1	2.7	15.1	3.1	4.2	4.1
Oklahoma	100.0	38.1	22.9	5.6	1.7	13.5	3.0	11.8	3.3
Texas	100.0	40.4	22.2	6.0	2.6	15.1	2.5	7.4	3.9
Rocky Mountain	100.0	41.0	21.5	6.9	2.5	13.8	3.8	6.7	3.9
Colorado	100.0	43.0	20.0	6.4	2.8	11.8	3.5	6.8	5.7
Idaho	100.0	35.8	22.0	7.5	2.3	18.4	3.8	8.0	2.1
Montana	100.0	40.4	21.3	6.5	2.4	15.7	4.8	7.3	1.5
Utah	100.0	37.6	24.9	8.5	1.9	15.0	4.3	5.6	2.2
Wyoming	100.0	43.8	24.6	6.0	2.3	14.4	2.7	4.7	1.5
Far West	100.0	37.3	26.0	9.2	2.8	12.8	2.6	6.2	3.2
California	100.0	37.6	26.1	9.2	2.9	12.5	2.4	6.1	3.2
Nevada	100.0	38.2	25.8	7.6	2.6	17.6	2.4	3.6	2.1
Oregon	100.0	35.2	24.4	9.3	2.5	13.8	3.7	8.9	2.2
Washington	100.0	34.3	27.2	9.4	2.3	14.2	3.0	7.1	2.6
Alaska	100.0	58.2	15.5	5.6	3.2	10.5	2.1	.7	4.1
Hawaii	100.0	37.9	25.6	9.1	1.9	12.5	3.0	3.3	6.7
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	100.0	45.5	19.8	6.9	3.1	10.3	3.3	8.6	2.6
Middle Atlantic	100.0	45.2	21.7	8.1	2.9	10.5	2.9	5.7	3.0
East North Central	100.0	41.8	22.7	7.0	2.2	13.2	3.2	7.4	2.7
West North Central	100.0	42.5	19.6	7.0	2.6	12.4	3.6	10.2	2.2
South Atlantic	100.0	42.0	22.7	7.2	2.7	14.3	3.2	5.0	3.0
East South Central	100.0	43.2	21.7	6.3	2.1	14.8	3.0	5.5	3.3
West South Central	100.0	40.2	22.7	5.9	2.3	14.9	2.5	8.0	3.4
Mountain	100.0	41.6	22.2	6.9	2.5	14.1	3.4	5.8	3.5
Pacific	100.0	37.3	26.0	9.2	2.8	12.7	2.6	6.2	3.2

Table A-9. Percentage of Personal Health Care Expenditures by Type of Good or Service, Calendar Year 1972.

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	100.0%	43.6%	21.6%	7.1%	2.3%	11.8%	2.8%	8.1%	2.8%
New England	100.0	46.9	18.4	6.6	2.4	9.8	2.6	10.7	2.6
Connecticut	100.0	42.1	20.8	7.7	2.8	10.9	2.0	11.2	2.5
Maine	100.0	41.7	19.6	5.2	2.5	11.8	3.8	12.0	3.3
Massachusetts	100.0	50.3	16.7	6.5	2.1	8.8	2.5	10.7	2.5
New Hampshire	100.0	39.7	22.7	6.3	3.3	11.0	3.0	10.8	3.2
Rhode Island	100.0	47.9	19.5	5.8	2.1	10.7	3.3	8.0	2.7
Vermont	100.0	45.8	15.8	6.6	2.8	11.5	3.2	11.1	3.2
Mideast	100.0	48.1	20.3	7.2	2.5	10.0	2.2	6.6	3.1
Delaware	100.0	45.6	21.1	6.1	2.2	13.5	2.4	5.3	3.9
District of Columbia	100.0	58.7	19.9	4.1	1.6	9.6	1.0	1.7	3.4
Maryland	100.0	47.5	20.8	7.0	1.8	11.4	2.3	6.2	2.9
New Jersey	100.0	40.6	23.1	8.9	2.7	12.0	2.5	6.7	3.5
New York	100.0	49.9	19.8	7.5	2.6	8.8	1.9	6.6	2.9
Pennsylvania	100.0	47.8	19.4	6.2	2.6	10.5	2.9	7.5	3.1
Great Lakes	100.0	43.6	21.3	6.7	1.9	11.8	3.2	8.9	2.6
Illinois	100.0	47.7	19.2	6.4	1.9	10.5	3.5	8.1	2.8
Indiana	100.0	39.5	21.9	6.0	1.6	14.6	3.8	9.8	2.7
Michigan	100.0	42.7	21.6	7.8	1.6	12.6	2.6	8.8	2.4
Ohio	100.0	42.4	23.1	6.5	2.0	12.5	3.1	7.6	2.7
Wisconsin	100.0	42.0	21.6	6.8	2.0	9.1	3.1	13.5	2.0
Plains	100.0	42.4	19.5	6.9	2.3	11.3	3.6	11.8	2.2
Iowa	100.0	39.1	19.4	6.9	2.5	11.1	4.4	14.6	2.0
Kansas	100.0	42.2	19.0	5.9	2.4	13.0	4.4	11.0	2.1
Minnesota	100.0	43.1	18.3	7.8	2.0	9.3	2.8	14.3	2.4
Missouri	100.0	44.3	21.0	6.6	2.6	12.0	3.0	8.1	2.5
Nebraska	100.0	42.2	19.5	7.1	1.8	12.4	3.8	11.4	1.9
North Dakota	100.0	42.3	21.1	6.5	1.6	9.1	4.8	12.8	1.8
South Dakota	100.0	40.1	16.0	6.5	1.9	11.8	6.1	14.9	2.7
Southeast	100.0	43.0	21.9	6.6	2.1	14.0	2.7	6.7	2.8
Alabama	100.0	44.5	20.7	5.9	1.9	13.9	2.4	7.4	3.3
Arkansas	100.0	39.7	19.8	5.3	1.8	14.9	3.0	12.1	3.4
Florida	100.0	40.3	24.5	8.2	3.2	13.1	2.1	6.6	2.1
Georgia	100.0	41.6	22.7	6.7	1.6	13.3	2.3	8.6	3.2
Kentucky	100.0	42.2	19.6	5.4	2.0	15.4	3.6	8.1	3.7
Louisiana	100.0	45.0	22.6	5.5	1.9	14.2	2.3	6.8	1.8
Mississippi	100.0	45.2	19.3	5.6	2.6	14.6	2.8	6.2	3.8
North Carolina	100.0	42.7	21.2	6.7	2.0	16.0	3.1	5.6	2.8
South Carolina	100.0	42.6	19.2	6.2	2.3	15.9	3.4	6.4	3.9
Tennessee	100.0	45.9	21.6	6.5	1.8	13.3	3.1	5.0	2.7
Virginia	100.0	44.2	22.3	7.6	1.7	12.9	2.9	5.5	2.9
West Virginia	100.0	48.0	20.6	4.9	1.5	13.7	4.1	3.7	3.6
Southwest	100.0	40.9	22.6	5.9	2.2	13.7	2.9	8.9	2.9
Arizona	100.0	44.9	24.0	7.3	2.2	12.1	1.9	4.4	3.2
New Mexico	100.0	43.1	20.6	6.9	2.3	14.2	3.1	5.2	4.5
Oklahoma	100.0	37.6	22.0	5.4	1.8	14.0	3.0	13.2	3.0
Texas	100.0	40.8	22.6	5.7	2.4	13.8	3.0	9.0	2.7
Rocky Mountain	100.0	40.7	21.9	7.6	2.3	13.1	3.2	8.0	3.3
Colorado	100.0	43.5	20.6	7.3	2.4	11.5	2.4	8.2	4.1
Idaho	100.0	35.3	22.6	7.6	2.2	17.3	4.3	8.6	2.1
Montana	100.0	37.6	21.6	7.2	2.3	13.7	5.2	10.0	2.4
Utah	100.0	39.6	24.8	9.0	2.0	13.8	2.5	5.9	2.3
Wyoming	100.0	37.3	24.3	6.3	2.1	14.7	5.1	7.1	3.1
Far West	100.0	38.2	25.5	8.6	2.5	11.7	3.1	7.8	2.5
California	100.0	39.0	25.7	8.5	2.6	11.2	3.1	7.4	2.5
Nevada	100.0	39.1	26.8	8.1	2.2	14.1	2.4	5.0	2.3
Oregon	100.0	34.7	23.8	9.5	2.4	13.3	4.2	10.1	2.1
Washington	100.0	34.2	24.4	9.1	2.4	13.1	3.2	11.1	2.4
Alaska	100.0	49.3	20.4	6.6	2.2	11.3	2.6	2.6	5.0
Hawaii	100.0	37.5	26.6	9.6	1.6	13.8	2.3	4.5	4.1
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	100.0	46.9	18.4	6.6	2.4	9.8	2.6	10.7	2.6
Middle Atlantic	100.0	47.7	20.3	7.4	2.6	9.8	2.3	6.8	3.1
East North Central	100.0	43.6	21.3	6.7	1.9	11.8	3.2	8.9	2.6
West North Central	100.0	42.4	19.5	6.9	2.3	11.3	3.6	11.8	2.2
South Atlantic	100.0	44.2	22.1	6.9	2.2	13.2	2.5	6.0	2.8
East South Central	100.0	44.5	20.5	5.9	2.0	14.2	3.0	6.6	3.3
West South Central	100.0	41.0	22.3	5.6	2.2	14.0	2.9	9.4	2.7
Mountain	100.0	41.8	22.7	7.5	2.3	13.0	2.8	6.7	3.3
Pacific	100.0	38.2	25.4	8.6	2.6	11.6	3.1	7.9	2.5

Table A-10. Percentage of Personal Health Care Expenditures by Type of Good or Service, Calendar Year 1976.

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eye glasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	100.0%	45.3%	21.1%	7.2%	2.4%	10.0%	2.6%	8.7%	2.7%
New England	100.0	48.2	16.9	6.7	2.3	8.3	2.3	12.7	2.7
Connecticut	100.0	43.2	18.8	8.1	2.6	9.3	1.9	13.4	2.7
Maine	100.0	44.7	18.4	5.4	2.6	9.3	3.2	13.0	3.4
Massachusetts	100.0	52.0	15.1	6.2	2.0	7.4	2.2	12.6	2.5
New Hampshire	100.0	41.5	23.1	7.5	2.9	10.6	2.5	8.5	3.3
Rhode Island	100.0	48.2	18.2	5.6	2.0	8.2	2.8	12.0	2.9
Vermont	100.0	44.8	13.4	7.5	3.0	10.0	3.3	14.3	3.8
Mideast	100.0	49.3	18.3	6.6	2.8	8.4	2.0	9.5	3.0
Delaware	100.0	48.1	20.1	6.6	1.7	10.8	2.1	7.1	3.5
District of Columbia	100.0	66.4	16.3	2.7	1.6	6.2	1.1	1.7	4.0
Maryland	100.0	46.8	21.2	7.7	1.7	9.8	2.2	7.7	2.9
New Jersey	100.0	43.3	22.1	8.5	2.7	10.2	2.1	7.9	3.2
New York	100.0	50.0	16.7	6.4	3.4	7.3	1.7	11.7	2.8
Pennsylvania	100.0	50.4	18.0	6.2	2.4	9.1	2.6	8.2	3.0
Great Lakes	100.0	46.5	20.4	7.2	1.8	9.8	2.9	9.0	2.5
Illinois	100.0	50.4	18.2	6.6	2.0	8.6	3.1	8.3	2.7
Indiana	100.0	43.0	19.3	6.1	1.5	13.1	3.7	10.8	2.7
Michigan	100.0	46.0	21.2	8.6	1.6	10.2	2.4	7.8	2.3
Ohio	100.0	45.5	21.9	6.9	1.8	9.9	2.9	8.7	2.5
Wisconsin	100.0	43.4	21.7	7.6	1.9	8.3	2.9	12.0	2.3
Plains	100.0	44.9	19.8	6.9	2.1	9.1	3.2	11.8	2.1
Iowa	100.0	41.8	18.3	7.3	2.4	9.7	3.8	14.7	2.1
Kansas	100.0	43.4	21.3	5.9	2.3	9.5	4.4	10.9	2.3
Minnesota	100.0	44.0	18.0	7.9	1.7	8.2	2.5	15.5	2.2
Missouri	100.0	48.6	20.6	6.7	2.5	9.4	2.4	7.8	2.1
Nebraska	100.0	43.2	21.5	6.9	1.8	10.0	3.3	11.5	1.8
North Dakota	100.0	44.9	24.1	6.6	1.3	7.7	3.9	9.6	1.9
South Dakota	100.0	45.6	16.0	5.7	1.7	9.6	4.9	13.4	3.1
Southeast	100.0	44.4	22.5	6.6	2.4	12.2	2.5	6.7	2.7
Alabama	100.0	46.5	20.4	5.9	2.2	11.8	2.0	8.1	3.0
Arkansas	100.0	41.0	20.3	5.3	1.6	13.5	3.0	11.8	3.4
Florida	100.0	41.9	26.8	7.6	4.1	10.6	1.8	5.3	1.9
Georgia	100.0	43.7	23.3	7.1	1.5	12.2	2.1	7.2	2.9
Kentucky	100.0	45.3	17.9	5.3	2.2	13.7	3.3	9.0	3.4
Louisiana	100.0	46.0	21.8	5.9	2.6	12.1	2.3	7.6	1.7
Mississippi	100.0	45.4	20.6	5.4	3.7	12.6	2.3	6.8	3.2
North Carolina	100.0	43.2	21.2	7.1	2.0	14.6	2.7	6.4	2.8
South Carolina	100.0	43.8	19.8	6.1	1.8	14.2	3.2	6.7	4.5
Tennessee	100.0	46.8	22.0	6.4	2.1	11.4	3.0	5.4	2.8
Virginia	100.0	44.7	23.2	7.6	1.4	11.4	2.7	6.2	2.8
West Virginia	100.0	51.5	19.6	4.9	1.5	11.9	3.3	3.9	3.3
Southwest	100.0	42.4	23.1	6.5	2.5	11.7	2.7	8.3	2.7
Arizona	100.0	43.8	26.6	8.1	2.5	10.4	1.7	3.8	3.3
New Mexico	100.0	48.7	20.7	6.8	2.4	10.8	3.0	3.6	3.9
Oklahoma	100.0	41.2	21.6	5.9	1.9	12.2	3.1	11.0	3.0
Texas	100.0	41.9	22.9	6.4	2.7	11.9	2.9	9.0	2.4
Rocky Mountain	100.0	41.8	22.1	8.7	2.5	10.4	3.0	8.4	3.2
Colorado	100.0	44.8	20.5	8.3	2.4	9.1	2.4	9.0	3.5
Idaho	100.0	35.3	23.8	8.5	2.8	13.2	3.8	10.3	2.4
Montana	100.0	37.8	23.6	8.7	2.5	11.0	5.0	8.1	3.3
Utah	100.0	40.6	24.4	10.0	2.5	11.2	2.2	6.6	2.6
Wyoming	100.0	41.0	21.9	8.0	2.3	11.9	5.2	5.4	4.3
Far West	100.0	40.1	25.3	9.3	3.0	9.7	3.0	7.0	2.7
California	100.0	40.8	26.0	8.8	3.1	9.3	2.9	6.5	2.7
Nevada	100.0	41.4	26.7	9.3	2.1	12.0	2.2	4.4	1.9
Oregon	100.0	36.8	22.7	10.3	2.6	11.6	3.9	10.0	2.1
Washington	100.0	37.1	21.2	11.4	3.3	10.5	3.3	10.6	2.5
Alaska	100.0	46.6	19.9	9.3	1.4	10.7	2.9	3.2	6.0
Hawaii	100.0	36.8	28.1	10.9	1.5	10.4	2.3	4.7	5.3
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	100.0	48.2	16.9	6.7	2.3	8.3	2.3	12.7	2.7
Middle Atlantic	100.0	49.0	18.0	6.7	3.0	8.3	2.0	10.1	2.9
East North Central	100.0	46.5	20.4	7.2	1.8	9.8	2.9	9.0	2.5
West North Central	100.0	44.9	19.8	6.9	2.1	9.1	3.2	11.8	2.1
South Atlantic	100.0	45.3	22.9	7.0	2.3	11.4	2.3	6.0	2.8
East South Central	100.0	46.2	20.4	5.8	2.4	12.2	2.7	7.2	3.0
West South Central	100.0	42.5	22.3	6.1	2.5	12.1	2.8	9.2	2.5
Mountain	100.0	42.9	23.4	8.4	2.4	10.6	2.6	6.5	3.2
Pacific	100.0	40.1	25.2	9.3	3.0	9.7	3.0	7.1	2.7

Table A-11. Percentage of Personal Health Care Expenditures by Type of Good or Service, Calendar Year 1977.

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	100.0%	45.4%	21.6%	7.1%	2.4%	9.5%	2.5%	8.9%	2.6%
New England	100.0	48.8	16.8	6.5	2.2	7.9	2.1	12.8	2.7
Connecticut	100.0	42.8	19.0	8.0	2.6	8.9	1.8	13.7	3.1
Maine	100.0	45.7	18.0	5.8	2.6	8.8	2.7	13.5	3.0
Massachusetts	100.0	53.1	15.1	5.9	1.9	7.0	2.1	12.6	2.4
New Hampshire	100.0	42.9	22.5	7.9	2.5	10.7	2.1	8.5	3.0
Rhode Island	100.0	48.3	17.7	5.5	1.8	7.8	2.6	13.4	2.8
Vermont	100.0	44.4	14.1	7.1	3.1	9.9	3.3	14.5	3.6
Mideast	100.0	49.1	18.9	6.7	2.8	8.1	1.9	9.7	2.7
Delaware	100.0	47.8	20.1	7.2	1.7	10.2	2.2	7.9	2.9
District of Columbia	100.0	66.0	17.4	2.6	1.8	5.3	1.1	2.1	3.7
Maryland	100.0	47.5	21.3	7.5	1.7	9.5	2.1	7.7	2.8
New Jersey	100.0	42.8	22.9	8.6	2.9	9.8	2.0	7.9	3.1
New York	100.0	49.7	17.5	6.4	3.4	7.2	1.6	11.7	2.5
Pennsylvania	100.0	50.3	18.3	6.3	2.3	8.6	2.4	9.0	2.8
Great Lakes	100.0	46.4	21.0	7.1	1.9	9.3	2.8	9.2	2.3
Illinois	100.0	51.1	18.3	6.5	2.3	8.1	3.0	8.5	2.2
Indiana	100.0	43.2	20.1	5.9	1.4	12.5	3.4	10.8	2.7
Michigan	100.0	45.5	22.4	8.4	1.8	9.6	2.2	7.9	2.1
Ohio	100.0	45.3	22.9	6.7	1.6	9.3	2.7	9.1	2.4
Wisconsin	100.0	42.5	21.9	7.6	2.2	8.1	2.9	12.5	2.2
Plains	100.0	45.4	19.8	6.8	1.9	8.6	3.0	12.4	2.0
Iowa	100.0	42.7	18.1	6.9	2.5	9.1	3.5	15.2	2.0
Kansas	100.0	44.4	21.4	5.8	1.9	8.6	4.1	11.6	2.2
Minnesota	100.0	44.8	17.0	7.7	1.5	7.9	2.4	16.7	2.0
Missouri	100.0	48.7	21.2	6.7	2.4	8.7	2.3	8.1	1.9
Nebraska	100.0	43.3	22.3	7.1	1.2	9.5	3.0	11.8	1.8
North Dakota	100.0	46.0	24.2	6.2	1.1	7.3	3.5	10.0	1.7
South Dakota	100.0	44.4	18.1	5.5	1.5	8.9	4.7	13.8	3.1
Southeast	100.0	44.8	22.9	6.4	2.3	11.7	2.3	6.9	2.7
Alabama	100.0	47.7	20.2	6.2	2.3	11.3	1.8	7.8	2.8
Arkansas	100.0	41.2	20.9	5.3	1.4	13.3	3.0	12.1	2.9
Florida	100.0	42.9	27.1	7.1	3.8	10.2	1.9	5.2	1.9
Georgia	100.0	43.6	23.2	6.9	1.7	11.7	2.0	8.0	2.9
Kentucky	100.0	44.8	19.4	5.2	2.0	13.2	3.0	9.2	3.1
Louisiana	100.0	46.0	22.5	5.8	2.7	11.5	2.0	7.8	1.7
Mississippi	100.0	45.4	20.4	5.3	4.1	12.1	2.1	7.4	3.3
North Carolina	100.0	43.6	21.2	6.9	1.7	14.3	2.5	6.9	3.0
South Carolina	100.0	43.9	20.0	6.1	1.7	14.0	3.0	7.3	4.0
Tennessee	100.0	47.6	22.5	6.2	1.9	10.8	2.9	5.7	2.6
Virginia	100.0	44.6	23.9	7.0	1.4	11.0	2.4	6.7	3.0
West Virginia	100.0	52.1	20.5	4.8	1.5	11.6	2.9	3.6	3.0
Southwest	100.0	43.3	23.2	6.5	2.3	11.3	2.6	8.3	2.6
Arizona	100.0	45.0	26.2	7.8	2.1	10.2	1.6	4.0	3.2
New Mexico	100.0	49.0	21.0	6.8	1.9	10.2	3.3	3.9	4.0
Oklahoma	100.0	42.3	21.5	5.7	1.7	11.7	3.0	11.1	2.9
Texas	100.0	42.7	23.1	6.3	2.5	11.5	2.7	8.9	2.3
Rocky Mountain	100.0	41.7	22.3	8.6	2.3	9.8	2.9	8.8	3.6
Colorado	100.0	43.8	20.8	8.2	2.5	8.7	2.4	9.4	4.2
Idaho	100.0	35.7	24.8	8.6	2.8	12.0	3.7	10.2	2.2
Montana	100.0	40.0	23.1	8.6	2.2	10.0	4.2	8.6	3.3
Utah	100.0	41.8	24.3	9.7	1.9	10.7	2.1	7.1	2.4
Wyoming	100.0	40.5	22.1	8.0	1.4	10.8	5.3	5.5	6.5
Far West	100.0	40.0	25.9	9.2	3.0	9.1	2.9	7.3	2.7
California	100.0	40.7	26.6	8.8	3.0	8.8	2.7	6.8	2.6
Nevada	100.0	40.8	27.7	8.7	1.9	11.5	2.5	5.0	1.9
Oregon	100.0	36.9	23.1	10.1	2.6	11.1	3.8	10.4	2.1
Washington	100.0	37.0	21.8	11.1	3.7	9.7	3.4	10.7	2.6
Alaska	100.0	47.5	19.6	10.8	1.1	10.6	2.2	2.4	5.8
Hawaii	100.0	36.8	29.3	10.6	1.4	9.4	2.5	4.8	5.3
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	100.0	48.8	16.8	6.5	2.2	7.9	2.1	12.8	2.7
Middle Atlantic	100.0	48.7	18.7	6.8	3.0	8.1	1.9	10.2	2.7
East North Central	100.0	46.4	21.0	7.1	1.9	9.3	2.8	9.2	2.3
West North Central	100.0	45.4	19.8	6.8	1.9	8.6	3.0	12.4	2.0
South Atlantic	100.0	45.6	23.2	6.7	2.3	11.0	2.2	6.3	2.7
East South Central	100.0	46.6	20.8	5.8	2.3	11.7	2.5	7.3	2.9
West South Central	100.0	43.1	22.6	6.1	2.3	11.7	2.6	9.3	2.3
Mountain	100.0	43.2	23.6	8.2	2.2	10.1	2.6	6.8	3.4
Pacific	100.0	40.0	25.8	9.2	3.0	9.1	2.9	7.3	2.7

Table A-12. Percentage of Personal Health Care Expenditures by Type of Good or Service, Calendar Year 1978.

	Total	Hospital Care	Physicians' Services	Dentists' Services	Other Professional Services	Drugs and Medical Sundries	Eyeglasses and Appliances	Nursing Home Care	Other Personal Health Care
U.S. Total	100.0%	45.2%	21.6%	7.1%	2.5%	9.3%	2.5%	9.2%	2.6%
New England	100.0	48.2	17.3	6.5	2.3	7.8	2.1	13.1	2.8
Connecticut	100.0	42.4	19.4	8.1	2.8	8.7	1.9	13.9	2.9
Maine	100.0	44.7	18.1	5.8	2.7	8.7	2.5	14.6	3.0
Massachusetts	100.0	52.4	15.8	5.8	2.0	6.8	2.1	12.5	2.6
New Hampshire	100.0	42.2	21.9	7.9	2.6	10.5	1.9	9.8	3.2
Rhode Island	100.0	47.4	17.8	5.4	1.8	7.6	2.5	14.7	2.8
Vermont	100.0	43.1	14.3	7.2	3.2	9.7	3.6	15.4	3.6
Mideast	100.0	48.6	19.4	6.7	2.9	8.0	1.9	9.8	2.7
Delaware	100.0	47.4	20.2	7.1	1.8	10.1	2.2	8.3	2.9
District of Columbia	100.0	65.8	18.3	2.6	1.8	5.2	1.1	1.6	3.7
Maryland	100.0	47.7	21.6	7.5	1.8	9.1	2.1	7.5	2.8
New Jersey	100.0	42.0	23.4	8.7	3.2	9.7	2.0	8.0	3.1
New York	100.0	48.4	18.4	6.5	3.6	7.2	1.6	11.7	2.4
Pennsylvania	100.0	51.0	18.1	6.0	2.3	8.2	2.3	9.4	2.7
Great Lakes	100.0	46.4	21.0	6.9	1.9	9.0	2.7	9.7	2.2
Illinois	100.0	50.8	18.1	6.3	2.3	7.8	2.8	9.7	2.1
Indiana	100.0	43.0	20.0	5.8	1.5	12.3	3.5	11.3	2.7
Michigan	100.0	45.9	22.5	8.3	1.8	9.2	2.2	8.0	2.1
Ohio	100.0	45.2	23.0	6.6	1.6	9.2	2.7	9.4	2.3
Wisconsin	100.0	42.4	22.2	7.6	2.2	8.1	3.0	12.4	2.1
Plains	100.0	45.4	19.9	6.8	2.0	8.3	3.0	12.6	2.0
Iowa	100.0	42.5	18.3	7.0	2.5	8.7	3.5	15.5	2.0
Kansas	100.0	44.4	21.2	5.8	1.9	8.3	4.3	12.0	2.1
Minnesota	100.0	43.8	17.6	7.8	1.5	7.8	2.4	17.0	2.0
Missouri	100.0	49.5	20.9	6.5	2.5	8.3	2.2	8.3	1.9
Nebraska	100.0	43.9	22.1	7.0	1.3	9.1	3.1	11.6	1.8
North Dakota	100.0	44.9	24.4	6.4	1.1	7.1	4.0	10.4	1.6
South Dakota	100.0	44.2	17.6	5.5	1.5	8.5	4.8	14.5	3.4
Southeast	100.0	44.8	22.7	6.4	2.4	11.4	2.4	7.2	2.7
Alabama	100.0	48.2	19.8	6.2	2.3	11.0	1.8	7.9	2.7
Arkansas	100.0	41.0	20.6	5.3	1.4	13.0	3.1	12.6	2.9
Florida	100.0	42.6	27.1	7.2	4.0	10.1	2.0	5.1	1.9
Georgia	100.0	43.8	23.1	6.9	1.8	11.4	2.0	8.0	2.9
Kentucky	100.0	44.7	19.2	5.2	2.1	13.0	3.0	9.9	3.1
Louisiana	100.0	46.6	22.1	5.8	2.7	11.1	2.0	7.9	1.7
Mississippi	100.0	45.3	19.8	5.1	4.0	11.6	2.1	8.8	3.3
North Carolina	100.0	43.2	21.4	6.8	1.7	13.8	2.5	7.7	2.9
South Carolina	100.0	43.3	19.8	6.0	2.0	13.8	3.1	8.0	4.0
Tennessee	100.0	47.5	22.4	6.2	1.9	10.5	2.9	6.0	2.5
Virginia	100.0	44.8	23.8	6.9	1.4	10.6	2.4	7.1	3.0
West Virginia	100.0	52.0	20.2	4.8	1.5	11.4	2.7	4.1	3.3
Southwest	100.0	43.5	23.0	6.5	2.4	11.0	2.7	8.3	2.6
Arizona	100.0	45.4	26.0	7.9	2.1	10.0	1.6	4.0	3.1
New Mexico	100.0	49.4	20.3	6.7	2.0	9.8	3.5	4.1	4.2
Oklahoma	100.0	42.6	21.3	5.8	1.8	11.4	3.1	11.1	2.9
Texas	100.0	42.9	22.9	6.4	2.6	11.2	2.7	8.9	2.3
Rocky Mountain	100.0	40.9	22.3	8.7	2.4	9.6	3.0	9.3	3.7
Colorado	100.0	42.7	21.2	8.4	2.6	8.6	2.6	9.8	4.2
Idaho	100.0	35.5	24.4	8.8	3.0	12.0	3.8	10.4	2.2
Montana	100.0	39.6	22.7	8.7	2.2	9.7	4.4	9.2	3.5
Utah	100.0	40.7	24.0	9.7	2.0	10.5	2.1	8.7	2.4
Wyoming	100.0	40.8	21.0	8.3	1.5	10.7	5.4	5.4	6.8
Far West	100.0	40.3	25.6	9.2	3.0	8.9	2.9	7.4	2.6
California	100.0	41.0	26.3	8.8	3.1	8.6	2.8	6.9	2.5
Nevada	100.0	42.1	26.1	8.8	1.9	11.2	2.6	5.4	2.0
Oregon	100.0	36.9	22.8	10.2	2.7	10.9	3.8	10.6	2.1
Washington	100.0	36.6	21.3	11.5	3.8	9.6	3.5	11.0	2.7
Alaska	100.0	49.9	19.3	9.7	1.1	10.4	2.2	1.7	5.8
Hawaii	100.0	37.3	29.5	10.4	1.4	9.3	2.5	4.1	5.3
Addenda: Census Divisions
New England	100.0	48.2	17.3	6.5	2.3	7.8	2.1	13.1	2.8
Middle Atlantic	100.0	48.1	19.2	6.7	3.1	8.0	1.9	10.4	2.6
East North Central	100.0	46.4	21.0	6.9	1.9	9.0	2.7	9.7	2.2
West North Central	100.0	45.4	19.9	6.8	2.0	8.3	3.0	12.6	2.0
South Atlantic	100.0	45.5	23.3	6.7	2.3	10.8	2.2	6.5	2.7
East South Central	100.0	46.7	20.6	5.8	2.4	11.4	2.5	7.8	2.8
West South Central	100.0	43.3	22.4	6.1	2.4	11.4	2.7	9.4	2.4
Mountain	100.0	43.0	23.4	8.3	2.2	9.9	2.7	7.1	3.4
Pacific	100.0	40.3	25.5	9.2	3.1	8.9	2.9	7.5	2.6

Table A-13. Expenditures Per Capita for Personal Health Care.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$200.27	$279.72	$379.51	$601.04	$671.94	$745.26
New England	234.27	329.35	437.68	681.03	756.63	837.83
Connecticut	236.81	331.21	436.36	671.21	749.16	827.12
Maine	171.04	240.09	328.47	538.89	602.75	662.33
Massachusetts	253.62	361.77	485.24	754.91	841.71	934.62
New Hampshire	188.55	245.75	326.16	501.75	544.49	604.55
Rhode Island	230.63	314.38	408.13	665.52	735.40	822.45
Vermont	193.24	270.41	349.46	530.76	573.10	629.60
Mideast	225.71	317.94	421.75	662.01	727.82	802.09
Delaware	209.91	289.33	379.61	592.12	655.34	722.07
District of Columbia
Maryland	189.49	271.09	386.30	601.85	662.56	743.89
New Jersey	192.98	265.09	354.74	575.56	643.67	698.69
New York	253.92	360.25	469.89	738.01	792.62	858.41
Pennsylvania	199.74	278.42	370.37	584.68	663.33	756.33
Great Lakes	203.06	278.18	379.50	603.73	677.78	758.48
Illinois	218.63	298.99	405.48	627.48	702.19	791.84
Indiana	179.58	249.13	335.71	535.84	606.93	671.23
Michigan	212.25	288.63	393.95	629.61	713.11	801.57
Ohio	193.61	263.03	359.80	589.01	658.59	737.71
Wisconsin	195.56	275.46	384.11	607.43	675.15	741.53
Plains	199.60	272.23	368.04	593.51	670.71	753.39
Iowa	196.01	264.32	351.12	555.56	638.82	723.68
Kansas	190.72	264.62	376.14	601.02	678.64	766.25
Minnesota	217.09	289.18	385.66	605.88	673.51	738.06
Missouri	197.95	273.79	364.95	610.67	696.00	790.24
Nebraska	194.35	267.42	370.78	590.17	652.98	737.47
North Dakota	193.05	269.29	367.01	624.40	711.31	788.33
South Dakota	178.36	238.08	328.42	515.58	586.71	667.45
Southeast	153.12	218.23	309.58	508.26	573.17	635.70
Alabama	145.07	209.55	301.80	503.47	570.47	633.21
Arkansas	139.95	195.95	284.37	473.50	528.52	585.15
Florida	186.41	265.57	375.57	627.42	701.49	766.14
Georgia	151.34	218.73	324.23	511.86	581.98	645.11
Kentucky	155.11	217.83	286.65	439.83	490.07	542.44
Louisiana	155.82	224.00	321.23	507.70	573.44	641.29
Mississippi	114.99	162.66	243.85	428.06	489.91	556.20
North Carolina	144.12	204.03	281.78	458.48	513.94	576.15
South Carolina	123.06	179.60	246.55	421.11	473.85	521.04
Tennessee	165.42	230.76	322.96	530.97	607.65	674.57
Virginia	150.26	211.24	298.98	493.89	561.53	627.63
West Virginia	160.40	226.08	315.76	501.57	554.51	611.30
Southwest	177.78	250.29	341.30	545.12	606.15	671.34
Arizona	192.17	271.49	375.21	581.70	630.20	698.25
New Mexico	156.11	212.54	280.86	456.64	505.01	566.94
Oklahoma	183.46	263.45	350.31	536.12	599.09	664.02
Texas	176.31	247.40	339.02	548.63	612.65	677.59
Rocky Mountain	195.97	262.89	343.38	525.59	583.64	641.07
Colorado	236.20	313.22	394.65	601.69	659.46	724.64
Idaho	152.74	208.95	292.24	450.83	511.99	554.09
Montana	173.41	233.06	323.61	503.05	579.91	645.46
Utah	160.97	214.93	286.02	455.43	503.29	555.65
Wyoming	196.92	263.08	329.02	449.92	504.61	550.70
Far West	232.87	325.74	442.25	686.40	775.61	857.38
California	241.06	339.46	464.64	722.62	816.33	904.44
Nevada	195.81	279.78	390.22	656.86	745.56	827.82
Oregon	195.68	271.55	363.33	584.47	663.32	727.93
Washington	217.64	294.42	388.86	574.79	647.68	709.72
Alaska	226.05	282.61	334.77	587.01	669.44	734.93
Hawaii	209.80	300.37	393.67	594.63	676.18	743.59
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	234.27	329.35	437.68	681.03	756.63	837.83
Middle Atlantic	225.05	315.96	415.90	656.96	721.69	793.82
East North Central	203.06	278.18	379.50	603.73	677.78	758.48
West North Central	199.60	272.23	368.04	593.51	670.71	753.39
South Atlantic	169.00	241.84	341.52	550.22	616.50	682.47
East South Central	148.37	209.95	294.44	482.88	547.83	609.95
West South Central	169.56	239.95	331.73	532.15	595.50	660.23
Mountain	190.03	259.48	345.84	538.88	595.79	658.33
Pacific	233.53	326.58	443.29	687.05	776.29	858.08

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-14. Expenditures Per Capita for Hospital Care.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$79.18	$117.67	$165.33	$272.00	$304.79	$337.02
New England	100.06	149.81	205.15	328.44	369.59	403.44
Connecticut	89.92	132.10	183.74	289.89	320.94	350.68
Maine	73.28	106.36	137.09	240.62	275.25	296.37
Massachusetts	114.63	176.01	244.30	392.34	446.75	489.52
New Hampshire	72.82	97.00	129.63	208.44	233.67	255.00
Rhode Island	100.45	147.09	195.42	320.94	355.41	389.70
Vermont	84.87	124.59	160.07	237.90	254.38	271.26
Mideast	93.88	143.95	202.99	326.70	357.58	390.14
Delaware	90.62	129.55	173.25	284.90	312.95	342.04
District of Columbia
Maryland	83.73	120.19	183.68	281.73	314.56	354.57
New Jersey	70.07	102.48	144.17	249.10	275.52	293.59
New York	109.40	169.63	234.34	369.10	393.92	415.87
Pennsylvania	81.05	126.07	177.02	294.90	333.82	385.66
Great Lakes	80.06	116.15	165.63	280.74	314.81	352.08
Illinois	89.28	131.12	193.38	316.55	359.01	402.49
Indiana	62.90	94.00	132.56	230.64	261.94	288.77
Michigan	88.93	122.03	168.10	289.61	324.59	367.59
Ohio	73.20	106.63	152.65	267.83	298.03	333.65
Wisconsin	75.65	115.64	161.18	263.36	287.24	314.19
Plains	78.53	115.59	156.18	266.60	304.78	342.36
Iowa	68.30	101.79	137.44	232.41	272.99	307.26
Kansas	75.18	114.98	158.61	261.02	301.30	340.34
Minnesota	88.22	121.24	166.23	266.37	301.66	323.57
Missouri	80.10	122.09	161.70	296.54	338.61	390.97
Nebraska	74.34	113.55	156.36	254.69	282.47	323.82
North Dakota	81.98	119.94	155.26	280.37	327.12	353.61
South Dakota	74.58	99.18	131.58	234.91	260.40	294.92
Southeast	60.10	90.56	133.24	225.69	256.72	284.52
Alabama	60.27	90.95	134.21	234.22	272.06	305.20
Arkansas	55.44	76.16	112.87	194.31	217.70	240.04
Florida	65.54	102.11	151.36	263.11	300.87	326.20
Georgia	56.04	85.64	134.98	223.88	253.84	282.81
Kentucky	59.86	90.22	120.87	199.06	219.33	242.26
Louisiana	61.90	93.28	144.48	233.60	263.91	298.92
Mississippi	47.53	72.08	110.34	194.27	222.25	251.89
North Carolina	56.68	83.79	120.29	198.18	224.03	249.08
South Carolina	50.71	77.80	104.99	184.28	207.96	225.76
Tennessee	66.94	101.52	148.40	248.71	289.08	320.37
Virginia	62.85	90.85	132.30	220.58	250.49	281.05
West Virginia	69.86	105.99	151.63	258.35	288.76	318.17
Southwest	68.29	101.49	139.59	231.33	262.31	292.16
Arizona	76.81	116.89	168.37	254.77	283.67	316.75
New Mexico	67.85	94.34	120.92	222.49	247.23	279.92
Oklahoma	62.18	100.47	131.69	220.98	253.52	283.05
Texas	68.44	99.96	138.17	230.14	261.69	290.68
Rocky Mountain	77.18	107.75	139.65	219.47	243.53	262.35
Colorado	98.92	134.75	171.54	269.52	288.81	309.65
Idaho	49.90	74.80	103.09	159.19	182.91	196.63
Montana	66.60	94.20	121.57	190.22	232.17	255.55
Utah	57.74	80.72	113.28	184.84	210.42	226.14
Wyoming	84.13	115.32	122.64	184.57	204.15	224.61
Far West	83.69	121.51	169.05	275.16	310.47	345.59
California	87.26	127.69	181.04	294.49	332.19	371.00
Nevada	67.54	106.92	152.49	271.86	304.33	348.41
Oregon	65.79	95.50	126.01	215.24	244.94	268.37
Washington	71.28	101.12	133.02	213.30	239.49	259.65
Alaska	144.88	164.49	165.13	273.65	318.15	366.82
Hawaii	78.74	113.97	147.62	218.90	248.55	277.73
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	100.06	149.81	205.15	328.44	369.59	403.44
Middle Atlantic	92.89	142.89	198.59	321.71	351.21	381.82
East North Central	80.06	116.15	165.63	280.74	314.81	352.08
West North Central	78.53	115.59	156.18	266.60	304.78	342.36
South Atlantic	67.29	101.47	150.84	249.03	281.14	310.21
East South Central	59.92	90.71	131.08	222.92	255.45	284.90
West South Central	65.00	96.38	135.96	226.03	256.68	286.18
Mountain	75.35	107.98	144.59	231.38	257.29	282.91
Pacific	83.98	121.78	169.38	275.24	310.61	345.53

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-15. Expenditures Per Capita for Physician Care.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$46.93	$62.83	$81.98	$126.65	$144.92	$161.20
New England	48.89	65.16	80.43	114.79	127.24	144.80
Connecticut	55.71	76.73	90.88	126.09	142.52	160.27
Maine	36.32	48.55	64.35	99.21	108.64	119.77
Massachusetts	49.06	64.56	80.80	114.15	126.79	147.67
New Hampshire	43.26	58.06	73.97	115.80	122.24	132.54
Rhode Island	49.52	62.07	79.56	121.14	130.42	146.64
Vermont	36.86	49.44	55.33	71.35	80.99	89.95
Mideast	53.71	69.41	85.63	120.85	137.59	155.47
Delaware	43.03	59.25	80.15	118.73	131.73	146.18
District of Columbia
Maryland	40.04	58.76	80.39	127.79	140.88	160.84
New Jersey	49.21	63.52	82.06	127.39	147.59	163.20
New York	60.93	77.57	93.06	123.00	138.95	158.08
Pennsylvania	45.64	57.50	72.02	105.43	121.16	136.57
Great Lakes	48.01	63.07	80.74	122.87	142.55	159.60
Illinois	49.43	63.95	77.67	114.17	128.37	143.61
Indiana	46.70	61.00	73.54	103.21	122.15	134.12
Michigan	48.36	64.76	85.07	133.41	159.89	180.51
Ohio	48.11	62.78	82.99	129.17	150.67	169.41
Wisconsin	45.02	60.61	82.86	131.67	148.10	164.61
Plains	43.79	53.29	71.77	117.30	133.04	149.70
Iowa	47.14	53.98	68.07	101.43	115.35	132.37
Kansas	40.74	50.11	71.65	128.23	145.08	162.28
Minnesota	43.15	55.33	70.75	109.36	114.58	129.80
Missouri	45.29	54.73	76.70	125.49	147.75	164.96
Nebraska	44.32	51.75	72.26	127.15	145.37	163.02
North Dakota	43.11	54.84	77.59	150.45	172.19	192.35
South Dakota	32.98	41.52	52.54	82.70	105.94	117.75
Southeast	36.07	49.05	67.76	114.29	131.13	144.58
Alabama	34.14	45.60	62.37	102.75	115.12	125.66
Arkansas	29.60	40.42	56.40	96.23	110.48	120.80
Florida	43.43	61.32	92.05	167.87	190.01	207.95
Georgia	39.23	52.98	73.47	119.07	135.25	149.20
Kentucky	37.52	47.52	56.29	78.65	95.26	104.32
Louisiana	38.90	55.95	72.54	110.48	129.15	141.68
Mississippi	26.58	32.40	47.00	88.08	99.70	110.23
North Carolina	33.18	45.76	59.72	97.32	109.01	123.05
South Carolina	24.34	33.13	47.41	83.27	94.96	103.03
Tennessee	40.47	51.65	69.69	117.01	136.60	151.33
Virginia	33.28	46.98	66.77	114.34	134.45	149.46
West Virginia	39.67	50.62	64.91	98.55	113.68	123.42
Southwest	40.42	56.02	77.17	125.74	140.38	154.18
Arizona	48.65	65.62	90.22	154.61	164.95	181.82
New Mexico	29.66	41.00	57.97	94.52	105.80	115.14
Oklahoma	44.03	60.37	77.01	116.00	128.83	141.20
Texas	39.34	54.88	76.73	125.51	141.59	155.45
Rocky Mountain	42.68	56.63	75.34	116.01	130.38	143.18
Colorado	47.19	62.54	81.29	123.07	137.16	153.93
Idaho	35.57	46.00	66.08	107.26	126.93	135.33
Montana	37.13	49.72	70.05	118.87	134.10	146.26
Utah	40.03	53.59	70.92	110.95	122.53	133.45
Wyoming	50.22	64.71	79.81	98.73	111.52	115.90
Far West	58.23	84.65	112.65	173.39	200.56	219.06
California	60.91	88.57	119.63	187.68	216.86	237.85
Nevada	46.07	72.18	104.55	175.55	206.83	215.74
Oregon	46.43	66.17	86.45	132.52	153.27	166.03
Washington	56.30	80.03	94.99	121.90	141.22	151.33
Alaska	28.53	43.94	68.45	116.90	131.32	141.82
Hawaii	46.90	76.90	104.78	166.98	198.32	219.66
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	48.89	65.16	80.43	114.79	127.24	144.80
Middle Atlantic	53.82	68.49	84.25	118.25	134.96	152.19
East North Central	48.01	63.07	80.74	122.87	142.55	159.60
West North Central	43.79	53.29	71.77	117.30	133.04	149.70
South Atlantic	39.27	54.79	75.51	125.99	143.24	159.06
East South Central	35.55	45.63	60.43	98.54	114.11	125.60
West South Central	38.87	54.36	73.96	118.66	134.62	147.74
Mountain	42.43	57.52	78.35	126.25	140.53	153.82
Pacific	58.45	84.88	112.81	173.34	200.42	219.14

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-16. Expenditures Par Capita for Dental Care.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$15.16	$20.85	$26.87	$43.41	$47.94	$53.03
New England	17.10	22.67	29.05	45.67	49.38	54.40
Connecticut	19.29	25.96	33.48	54.47	60.01	66.62
Maine	9.54	12.55	16.92	29.33	34.95	38.31
Massachusetts	19.23	24.88	31.43	47.08	49.66	54.39
New Hampshire	11.26	14.47	20.39	37.64	42.96	47.77
Rhode Island	11.99	18.42	23.60	37.57	40.32	44.57
Vermont	12.14	16.98	23.21	39.58	40.77	45.28
Mideast	18.30	25.11	30.34	44.02	48.85	53.55
Delaware	11.45	17.03	23.18	39.22	46.97	51.45
District of Columbia
Maryland	12.89	19.45	26.86	46.32	49.71	55.44
New Jersey	16.84	24.53	31.66	48.87	55.27	60.56
New York	22.05	30.57	35.22	46.99	51.08	55.87
Pennsylvania	14.43	18.18	23.01	36.36	41.82	45.74
Great Lakes	14.41	19.42	25.58	43.49	47.79	52.67
Illinois	15.50	20.67	26.07	41.68	45.77	50.11
Indiana	11.89	16.25	20.16	32.42	35.51	39.01
Michigan	15.55	21.98	30.54	54.20	60.09	66.81
Ohio	13.60	17.67	23.38	40.61	44.15	48.59
Wisconsin	14.27	19.03	26.10	46.38	51.27	56.50
Plains	14.27	19.01	25.34	41.22	45.82	51.25
Iowa	14.38	18.34	24.32	40.30	44.29	51.00
Kansas	12.41	16.54	22.20	35.48	39.59	44.49
Minnesota	16.77	23.44	29.98	47.85	52.02	57.41
Missouri	13.68	17.68	24.10	40.89	46.70	51.56
Nebraska	15.06	20.13	26.40	40.86	46.11	51.72
North Dakota	10.45	14.85	23.72	41.04	43.93	50.40
South Dakota	12.38	15.86	21.30	29.58	32.35	36.84
Southeast	10.35	15.12	20.54	33.57	36.57	40.54
Alabama	9.48	13.41	17.89	29.81	35.14	39.06
Arkansas	8.07	11.43	15.15	24.95	27.77	30.99
Florida	14.96	22.72	30.89	47.45	49.68	54.87
Georgia	10.41	15.64	21.81	36.19	40.10	44.69
Kentucky	9.06	12.63	15.43	23.15	25.51	27.96
Louisiana	10.20	13.91	17.62	29.86	33.15	37.11
Mississippi	6.81	9.56	13.60	23.05	25.74	28.29
North Carolina	9.21	13.29	18.84	32.60	35.24	39.13
South Carolina	7.19	11.27	15.40	25.60	28.80	31.49
Tennessee	11.35	15.83	21.06	33.80	37.41	41.80
Virginia	11.10	16.55	22.64	37.50	39.53	43.57
West Virginia	9.20	11.86	15.59	24.68	26.76	29.15
Southwest	10.89	15.15	20.28	35.68	39.13	43.69
Arizona	12.98	18.23	27.20	47.16	49.26	54.84
New Mexico	10.50	14.99	19.47	31.10	34.16	38.26
Oklahoma	10.99	14.81	18.88	31.59	34.27	38.56
Texas	10.58	14.76	19.49	34.91	38.78	43.21
Rocky Mountain	14.07	18.02	25.93	45.49	49.98	55.76
Colorado	15.86	19.97	28.69	49.86	54.14	60.59
Idaho	12.41	15.75	22.09	38.45	43.87	48.57
Montana	11.20	15.07	23.36	43.59	49.68	56.27
Utah	14.09	18.21	25.86	45.32	48.82	53.67
Wyoming	12.77	15.70	20.80	35.79	40.15	45.62
Far West	21.75	29.96	38.14	63.58	71.44	79.10
California	22.65	31.36	39.46	63.84	72.07	79.61
Nevada	14.48	21.38	31.62	60.82	64.66	72.86
Oregon	19.14	25.35	34.36	60.03	66.71	74.49
Washington	20.36	27.55	35.28	65.37	71.87	81.38
Alaska	10.53	15.96	22.19	54.85	71.99	71.25
Hawaii	19.96	27.38	37.87	65.03	71.79	77.68
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	17.10	22.67	29.05	45.67	49.38	54.40
Middle Atlantic	18.62	25.47	30.66	43.97	48.94	53.55
East North Central	14.41	19.42	25.58	43.49	47.79	52.67
West North Central	14.27	19.01	25.34	41.22	45.82	51.25
South Atlantic	11.86	17.52	23.72	38.39	41.23	45.63
East South Central	9.47	13.28	17.50	28.19	31.80	35.26
West South Central	10.31	14.27	18.63	32.58	36.09	40.32
Mountain	13.41	17.89	25.78	45.16	48.91	54.65
Pacific	21.88	30.11	38.27	63.64	71.60	79.25

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-17. Expenditures Per Capita for Other Professional Care.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$5.93	$7.31	$8.61	$14.71	$16.22	$18.53
New England	7.89	10.15	10.41	15.42	16.56	19.23
Connecticut	9.89	12.14	12.29	17.30	19.72	23.32
Maine	5.25	7.11	8.23	13.97	15.52	17.60
Massachusetts	7.46	9.94	10.11	15.16	15.94	18.52
New Hampshire	8.55	10.57	10.79	14.63	13.66	15.71
Rhode Island	6.50	8.18	8.57	13.07	13.41	14.96
Vermont	7.72	9.74	9.80	15.78	17.68	20.05
Mideast	7.29	9.14	10.54	18.59	20.54	23.62
Delaware	7.52	8.87	8.17	10.35	11.38	13.01
District of Columbia
Maryland	5.32	6.52	7.08	10.39	11.58	13.15
New Jersey	6.33	8.39	9.43	15.80	18.94	22.03
New York	7.93	9.97	12.35	24.92	26.95	31.02
Pennsylvania	7.19	8.81	9.46	13.82	15.12	17.40
Great Lakes	5.25	6.11	7.05	10.64	12.67	14.46
Illinois	5.81	6.67	7.83	12.49	15.82	18.12
Indiana	3.89	4.66	5.51	7.77	8.71	9.94
Michigan	4.77	5.52	6.48	9.88	12.72	14.56
Ohio	5.50	6.50	7.20	10.36	10.42	11.82
Wisconsin	5.79	6.64	7.71	11.56	14.66	16.65
Plains	5.84	6.96	8.34	12.66	12.93	14.92
Iowa	5.91	6.90	8.73	13.33	15.78	17.97
Kansas	6.38	7.39	9.19	13.92	12.90	14.72
Minnesota	6.04	7.19	7.82	10.40	9.94	11.37
Missouri	6.58	7.92	9.33	15.38	16.54	19.39
Nebraska	3.89	4.65	6.49	10.42	8.04	9.25
North Dakota	3.74	4.64	5.90	8.39	7.89	9.00
South Dakota	3.97	5.08	6.30	8.65	8.75	10.17
Southeast	4.26	5.43	6.64	12.42	13.45	15.46
Alabama	3.63	4.53	5.72	11.00	13.00	14.64
Arkansas	2.89	3.67	5.07	7.68	7.22	8.29
Florida	7.96	9.98	12.05	25.67	26.52	30.46
Georgia	3.70	4.61	5.29	7.46	9.90	11.48
Kentucky	3.43	4.25	5.80	9.73	9.71	11.22
Louisiana	3.79	4.74	6.22	13.37	15.39	17.17
Mississippi	3.85	4.88	6.39	16.03	19.95	22.30
North Carolina	3.70	4.69	5.53	8.96	8.66	10.04
South Carolina	3.57	5.51	5.57	7.51	8.10	10.17
Tennessee	3.71	4.43	5.78	11.09	11.28	13.04
Virginia	3.87	4.89	5.14	6.97	7.69	8.72
West Virginia	3.21	3.99	4.86	7.31	8.09	9.39
Southwest	5.08	6.19	7.67	13.74	14.03	15.82
Arizona	5.27	7.01	8.20	14.33	13.36	14.80
New Mexico	4.20	5.68	6.45	11.13	9.77	11.10
Oklahoma	3.96	4.59	6.33	10.36	10.39	11.89
Texas	5.40	6.47	8.00	14.62	15.34	17.30
Rocky Mountain	5.36	6.53	7.85	13.04	13.56	15.39
Colorado	7.10	8.70	9.56	14.52	16.36	18.72
Idaho	3.90	4.74	6.42	12.45	14.56	16.43
Montana	4.49	5.64	7.44	12.75	12.59	13.90
Utah	3.57	4.04	5.76	11.37	9.68	11.02
Wyoming	5.17	5.94	6.86	10.36	7.28	8.33
Far West	7.35	9.04	11.25	20.41	23.20	26.14
California	7.97	9.80	12.19	22.06	24.84	27.97
Nevada	5.82	7.41	8.43	13.67	14.27	16.10
Oregon	5.77	6.86	8.59	15.47	17.07	19.48
Washington	5.78	6.91	9.43	19.08	24.14	27.08
Alaska	3.94	9.00	7.33	8.09	7.12	8.01
Hawaii	4.37	5.67	6.21	8.98	9.26	10.72
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	7.89	10.15	10.41	15.42	16.56	19.23
Middle Atlantic	7.39	9.30	10.86	19.57	21.57	24.86
East North Central	5.25	6.11	7.05	10.64	12.67	14.46
West North Central	5.84	6.96	8.34	12.66	12.93	14.92
South Atlantic	5.07	6.47	7.37	12.86	13.87	16.03
East South Central	3.64	4.49	5.87	11.58	12.84	14.61
West South Central	4.64	5.61	7.15	13.15	13.91	15.69
Mountain	5.22	6.58	7.80	13.15	13.11	14.80
Pacific	7.38	9.07	11.31	20.56	23.40	26.37

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-18. Expenditures Per Capita for Drugs and Medical Sundries.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$27.94	$35.49	$44.61	$59.86	$64.01	$69.40
New England	26.37	33.81	43.03	56.56	60.14	65.11
Connecticut	29.01	37.27	47.63	62.72	66.70	72.22
Maine	22.93	29.81	38.77	50.10	53.03	57.42
Massachusetts	25.84	33.21	42.46	55.57	59.01	63.89
New Hampshire	22.78	28.75	35.78	53.31	58.47	63.31
Rhode Island	28.89	35.90	43.65	54.65	57.39	62.14
Vermont	23.75	30.83	40.02	53.04	56.50	61.17
Mideast	27.07	33.99	42.02	55.64	59.30	64.21
Delaware	33.27	41.65	51.20	63.89	67.03	72.58
District of Columbia
Maryland	27.38	34.87	44.00	58.76	62.71	67.90
New Jersey	27.87	34.74	42.42	58.47	62.89	68.09
New York	26.24	33.12	41.23	53.96	57.30	62.04
Pennsylvania	26.03	32.19	38.85	53.29	57.26	62.00
Great Lakes	29.43	36.63	44.72	59.04	62.85	68.35
Illinois	31.13	37.15	42.49	53.90	56.79	61.49
Indiana	30.67	39.02	49.15	70.09	76.03	82.32
Michigan	30.18	38.76	49.51	64.34	68.19	73.83
Ohio	29.03	36.29	44.98	58.15	61.55	67.52
Wisconsin	23.16	29.07	34.87	50.38	54.83	59.88
Plains	26.99	33.74	41.46	54.22	57.60	62.36
Iowa	26.02	32.17	38.82	53.93	58.12	62.93
Kansas	27.16	36.21	48.93	56.81	58.55	63.39
Minnesota	26.30	31.43	36.01	49.42	53.10	57.49
Missouri	28.65	35.82	43.96	57.12	60.54	65.55
Nebraska	27.18	35.33	45.97	58.95	62.27	67.42
North Dakota	25.82	30.17	33.45	47.80	51.88	56.17
South Dakota	23.73	30.39	38.65	49.52	52.31	56.63
Southeast	24.73	32.67	43.37	61.88	67.14	72.71
Alabama	21.87	29.95	42.10	59.65	64.61	69.95
Arkansas	22.94	30.89	42.34	63.91	70.32	76.14
Florida	32.04	40.02	49.01	66.58	71.36	77.27
Georgia	23.90	31.92	43.23	62.49	68.02	73.64
Kentucky	25.01	33.40	44.08	60.32	64.77	70.30
Louisiana	25.59	33.93	45.47	61.52	65.86	71.31
Mississippi	19.59	26.22	35.62	53.94	59.40	64.32
North Carolina	24.55	32.96	45.00	66.98	73.44	79.52
South Carolina	21.24	28.62	39.29	59.97	66.17	71.64
Tennessee	25.48	33.07	42.91	60.68	65.68	71.12
Virginia	22.29	29.27	38.66	56.54	61.72	66.82
West Virginia	23.27	31.37	43.11	59.76	64.38	69.70
Southwest	28.67	36.70	46.62	63.72	68.41	74.06
Arizona	28.70	36.30	45.32	60.24	64.21	69.52
New Mexico	25.55	32.20	39.98	49.25	51.51	55.77
Oklahoma	26.43	35.63	48.95	65.64	70.13	75.93
Texas	29.49	37.42	46.93	65.27	70.37	76.19
Rocky Mountain	28.81	36.25	44.92	54.68	57.03	61.74
Colorado	29.76	37.11	45.35	54.99	57.28	62.02
Idaho	29.31	38.42	50.63	59.42	61.39	66.47
Montana	29.56	36.62	44.31	55.37	58.12	62.92
Utah	25.84	32.27	39.51	50.86	53.78	58.23
Wyoming	29.50	37.88	48.35	53.39	54.33	58.82
Far West	33.14	41.69	51.66	66.69	70.62	76.47
California	33.69	42.28	52.16	67.49	71.46	77.37
Nevada	41.79	49.13	54.96	78.89	85.72	92.81
Oregon	29.13	37.60	48.37	67.91	73.39	79.46
Washington	33.39	41.67	50.98	60.60	62.82	68.02
Alaska	23.16	29.68	37.77	62.71	70.66	76.51
Hawaii	27.01	37.62	54.24	62.00	63.64	68.90
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	26.37	33.81	43.03	56.56	60.14	65.11
Middle Atlantic	26.48	33.14	40.71	54.64	58.39	63.23
East North Central	29.43	36.63	44.72	59.04	62.85	68.35
West North Central	26.99	33.74	41.46	54.22	57.60	62.36
South Atlantic	26.47	34.55	45.17	62.99	68.05	73.69
East South Central	23.33	31.12	41.72	59.15	64.08	69.43
West South Central	27.65	35.87	46.46	64.51	69.52	75.28
Mountain	29.11	36.52	45.03	56.88	59.92	64.94
Pacific	32.99	41.55	51.60	66.43	70.28	76.09

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-19. Expenditures Per Capita for Eyeglasses and Appliances.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$6.73	$8.48	$10.81	$15.69	$16.64	$18.60
New England	7.93	10.83	11.18	15.61	16.24	17.74
Connecticut	7.06	9.57	8.79	12.55	13.63	15.47
Maine	5.55	7.83	12.64	17.43	16.06	16.55
Massachusetts	9.06	12.44	11.99	16.71	17.75	19.28
New Hampshire	6.20	8.17	9.90	12.63	11.21	11.62
Rhode Island	9.14	12.36	13.51	18.66	19.01	20.47
Vermont	4.95	6.56	11.08	17.35	19.12	22.53
Mideast	6.89	9.25	9.47	13.28	13.68	15.08
Delaware	7.67	9.76	8.99	12.42	14.41	15.99
District of Columbia
Maryland	6.38	8.12	9.03	13.03	13.90	15.68
New Jersey	6.50	8.63	8.86	11.96	12.78	13.66
New York	6.93	9.38	8.98	12.41	12.42	13.78
Pennsylvania	6.83	9.32	10.75	15.45	15.88	17.48
Great Lakes	6.98	8.91	12.11	17.60	18.85	20.84
Illinois	8.25	10.59	14.10	19.45	20.94	22.52
Indiana	6.65	8.46	12.89	19.68	20.69	23.17
Michigan	5.77	7.32	10.32	14.95	15.69	17.41
Ohio	6.76	8.64	11.27	16.95	17.95	20.19
Wisconsin	7.11	9.08	11.81	17.37	19.85	22.30
Plains	7.78	9.83	13.30	18.79	19.82	22.53
Iowa	8.28	10.50	15.50	20.95	22.28	25.27
Kansas	6.96	8.82	16.47	26.18	27.79	32.74
Minnesota	8.30	10.29	10.75	15.41	16.22	17.83
Missouri	7.23	9.08	10.80	14.92	15.71	17.25
Nebraska	8.39	10.68	13.91	19.24	19.76	22.74
North Dakota	6.60	8.85	17.54	24.42	25.12	31.80
South Dakota	9.05	11.92	20.16	25.38	27.58	31.73
Southeast	5.42	6.76	8.48	12.58	13.29	15.00
Alabama	4.53	5.54	7.21	10.31	10.12	11.15
Arkansas	4.18	4.88	8.49	14.38	15.76	18.06
Florida	7.34	8.99	7.82	11.51	13.42	15.59
Georgia	5.57	7.14	7.45	10.73	11.51	13.04
Kentucky	6.06	7.24	10.21	14.32	14.79	16.18
Louisiana	4.39	5.07	7.54	11.47	11.64	13.11
Mississippi	4.20	5.16	6.72	9.97	10.51	11.89
North Carolina	4.83	6.26	8.67	12.31	12.79	14.30
South Carolina	4.03	5.26	8.47	13.28	14.29	16.35
Tennessee	5.98	7.13	10.16	15.97	17.35	19.56
Virginia	5.65	7.27	8.57	13.51	13.23	15.02
West Virginia	5.83	7.90	12.91	16.72	15.90	16.80
Southwest	5.86	6.59	9.77	14.95	15.77	17.89
Arizona	6.55	7.26	7.26	9.64	9.81	11.02
New Mexico	5.56	6.60	8.75	13.61	16.81	19.74
Oklahoma	6.88	7.85	10.54	16.61	18.03	20.55
Texas	5.54	6.20	10.12	15.67	16.27	18.42
Rocky Mountain	8.66	9.90	10.95	15.75	16.99	19.43
Colorado	9.81	10.84	9.63	14.31	16.09	18.61
Idaho	6.81	7.92	12.51	16.93	18.86	21.09
Montana	9.19	11.16	16.89	25.12	24.09	28.58
Utah	8.08	9.29	7.13	10.03	10.33	11.44
Wyoming	6.17	7.22	16.89	23.26	26.82	29.81
Far West	7.22	8.42	13.81	20.37	22.19	24.80
California	7.02	8.24	14.28	20.82	22.40	25.04
Nevada	6.06	6.72	9.50	14.47	18.42	21.14
Oregon	8.59	10.07	15.09	22.69	24.94	27.62
Washington	7.81	8.77	12.55	19.20	21.92	24.54
Alaska	5.34	6.01	8.67	16.93	15.05	16.04
Hawaii	7.77	9.02	9.06	13.63	16.61	18.92
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	7.93	10.83	11.18	15.61	16.24	17.74
Middle Atlantic	6.82	9.22	9.52	13.29	13.60	14.94
East North Central	6.98	8.91	12.11	17.60	18.85	20.84
West North Central	7.78	9.83	13.30	18.79	19.82	22.53
South Atlantic	6.02	7.71	8.57	12.51	13.34	15.12
East South Central	5.29	6.39	8.79	13.01	13.60	15.15
West South Central	5.35	6.07	9.53	14.91	15.61	17.71
Mountain	7.68	8.74	9.78	14.00	15.39	17.61
Pacific	7.24	8.45	13.90	20.50	22.27	24.89

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-20. Expenditures Per Capita for Nursing Home Care.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$12.05	$18.90	$30.85	$52.48	$60.10	$68.48
New England	19.68	28.46	47.01	86.17	97.16	109.99
Connecticut	18.56	28.66	48.70	90.18	102.62	114.76
Maine	14.72	22.76	39.53	69.86	81.29	96.65
Massachusetts	22.46	31.71	52.12	95.39	105.96	117.24
New Hampshire	15.53	20.31	35.29	42.77	46.21	59.26
Rhode Island	15.11	21.33	32.68	80.02	98.64	120.77
Vermont	19.21	26.64	38.89	75.84	83.11	96.99
Mideast	11.10	17.61	27.72	63.20	70.46	78.55
Delaware	7.57	11.60	20.03	41.87	51.71	59.64
District of Columbia
Maryland	9.22	16.87	24.13	46.25	50.77	55.69
New Jersey	9.63	14.66	23.83	45.42	50.99	55.93
New York	11.94	19.38	30.86	86.66	92.48	100.76
Pennsylvania	11.76	17.70	27.62	48.09	59.55	71.40
Great Lakes	13.07	20.48	33.83	54.12	62.60	73.57
Illinois	12.63	20.04	32.66	52.00	59.71	77.00
Indiana	11.99	19.56	32.78	57.61	65.61	76.03
Michigan	12.68	20.98	34.52	48.85	56.66	63.81
Ohio	12.03	17.60	27.49	51.08	59.85	69.22
Wisconsin	18.72	28.64	51.74	72.88	84.42	91.74
Plains	17.87	27.89	43.45	70.00	83.12	95.17
Iowa	22.28	35.74	51.21	81.43	97.14	112.41
Kansas	17.92	25.69	41.38	65.79	78.43	92.03
Minnesota	22.15	33.13	55.04	93.81	112.37	125.64
Missouri	11.87	19.24	29.39	47.69	56.66	65.79
Nebraska	16.77	27.15	42.38	68.13	77.21	85.90
North Dakota	18.67	32.74	47.13	59.91	71.36	82.02
South Dakota	18.48	29.96	49.00	69.07	81.03	96.79
Southeast	7.56	12.07	20.73	33.97	39.67	46.02
Alabama	7.86	14.25	22.32	40.59	44.46	50.27
Arkansas	13.21	21.42	34.36	56.01	64.04	73.63
Florida	10.90	14.50	24.61	33.17	36.44	39.11
Georgia	7.70	13.28	27.77	37.05	46.41	51.60
Kentucky	9.02	13.73	23.30	39.78	45.29	53.57
Louisiana	8.00	13.00	21.73	38.77	44.61	50.86
Mississippi	3.90	6.72	15.00	29.12	36.24	48.78
North Carolina	6.50	11.45	15.88	29.34	35.51	44.14
South Carolina	5.82	9.46	15.81	28.13	34.42	41.75
Tennessee	5.64	9.92	16.22	28.88	34.47	40.36
Virginia	6.14	9.05	16.34	30.58	37.63	44.40
West Virginia	3.36	5.44	11.56	19.79	20.19	24.81
Southwest	11.40	19.08	30.22	45.21	50.32	56.02
Arizona	8.07	13.06	16.64	21.84	25.02	27.61
New Mexico	5.41	8.95	14.68	16.57	19.72	23.40
Oklahoma	19.18	31.12	46.24	58.98	66.56	73.56
Texas	10.66	18.19	30.35	49.11	54.29	60.57
Rocky Mountain	11.98	17.53	27.56	44.24	51.11	59.68
Colorado	14.72	21.34	32.51	54.39	62.14	70.77
Idaho	11.82	16.82	25.27	46.31	52.38	57.60
Montana	11.86	17.06	32.36	40.65	50.02	59.17
Utah	8.51	12.08	16.88	30.14	35.65	48.26
Wyoming	6.45	12.32	23.35	24.34	27.55	29.89
Far West	12.86	20.19	34.57	48.23	56.40	63.70
California	12.52	20.58	34.39	46.90	55.12	62.57
Nevada	6.50	10.12	19.62	29.08	37.28	44.60
Oregon	16.81	24.14	36.72	58.37	68.90	77.24
Washington	16.01	20.83	43.15	61.11	69.40	78.39
Alaska	1.31	1.98	8.65	18.68	16.31	12.14
Hawaii	5.87	9.83	17.65	27.73	32.14	30.63
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	19.68	28.46	47.01	86.17	97.16	109.99
Middle Atlantic	11.45	17.94	28.46	66.20	73.71	82.40
East North Central	13.07	20.48	33.83	54.12	62.60	73.57
West North Central	17.87	27.89	43.45	70.00	83.12	95.17
South Atlantic	7.65	12.16	20.61	33.10	38.75	44.05
East South Central	6.78	11.49	19.42	34.78	40.15	47.77
West South Central	11.55	19.24	31.24	49.20	55.09	61.78
Mountain	10.01	15.08	23.10	34.79	40.43	46.93
Pacific	12.98	20.38	34.86	48.65	56.83	64.15

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.

Table A-21. Expenditures Per Capita for Other Health Services.

	1966	1969	1972	1976	1977	1978
U.S. Total	$6.36	$8.19	$10.45	$16.25	$17.34	$19.01
New England	6.35	8.47	11.43	18.37	20.32	23.14
Connecticut	7.37	8.78	10.85	18.02	23.00	23.79
Maine	3.46	5.13	10.95	18.38	18.01	19.67
Massachusetts	5.88	9.03	12.03	18.51	19.87	24.11
New Hampshire	8.15	8.41	10.41	16.53	16.07	19.35
Rhode Island	9.02	9.03	11.15	19.48	20.80	23.21
Vermont	3.74	5.63	11.07	19.92	20.56	22.38
Mideast	7.49	9.48	13.05	19.75	19.82	21.47
Delaware	8.79	11.62	14.65	20.75	19.15	21.18
District of Columbia
Maryland	4.55	6.30	11.13	17.58	18.45	20.64
New Jersey	6.53	8.15	12.31	18.55	19.70	21.64
New York	8.50	10.63	13.86	20.98	19.53	20.99
Pennsylvania	6.82	8.65	11.65	17.34	18.71	20.09
Great Lakes	5.85	7.41	9.83	15.24	15.67	16.92
Illinois	6.61	8.81	11.28	17.24	15.78	16.49
Indiana	4.89	6.18	9.13	14.42	16.28	17.86
Michigan	6.02	7.29	9.41	14.38	15.28	17.04
Ohio	5.39	6.92	9.84	14.86	15.97	17.32
Wisconsin	5.83	6.76	7.85	13.84	14.77	15.68
Plains	4.54	5.92	8.21	12.70	13.60	15.11
Iowa	3.70	4.89	7.04	11.80	12.85	14.46
Kansas	3.98	4.88	7.72	13.58	15.02	16.25
Minnesota	6.16	7.13	9.08	13.28	13.64	14.96
Missouri	4.55	7.23	8.98	12.64	13.48	14.78
Nebraska	4.42	4.18	7.01	10.73	11.75	13.59
North Dakota	2.71	3.25	6.42	12.02	11.82	12.97
South Dakota	3.20	4.18	8.91	15.76	18.36	22.62
Southeast	4.64	6.58	8.81	13.87	15.22	16.86
Alabama	3.30	5.34	9.99	15.13	15.97	17.28
Arkansas	3.62	7.09	9.69	16.04	15.24	17.21
Florida	4.25	5.95	7.78	12.06	13.19	14.69
Georgia	4.80	7.53	10.25	15.00	16.96	18.66
Kentucky	5.16	8.84	10.69	14.83	15.41	16.63
Louisiana	3.05	4.12	5.64	8.65	9.73	11.13
Mississippi	2.53	5.65	9.18	13.61	16.13	18.51
North Carolina	5.48	5.84	7.86	12.80	15.25	16.88
South Carolina	6.17	8.55	9.62	19.07	19.15	20.84
Tennessee	5.87	7.21	8.74	14.83	15.78	17.00
Virginia	5.08	6.38	8.56	13.88	16.79	18.59
West Virginia	6.00	8.92	11.21	16.42	16.75	19.87
Southwest	7.18	9.09	9.98	14.75	15.80	17.53
Arizona	5.15	7.12	12.00	19.12	19.92	21.90
New Mexico	7.37	8.79	12.64	17.98	20.02	23.61
Oklahoma	9.82	8.62	10.67	15.97	17.38	19.28
Texas	6.85	9.53	9.24	13.39	14.31	15.77
Rocky Mountain	7.23	10.28	11.18	16.91	21.07	23.55
Colorado	12.86	17.96	16.08	21.03	27.49	30.35
Idaho	3.02	4.49	6.16	10.82	11.08	11.97
Montana	3.40	3.59	7.64	16.49	19.14	22.81
Utah	3.12	4.73	6.69	11.93	12.07	13.45
Wyoming	2.50	4.00	10.33	19.47	32.80	37.71
Far West	8.62	10.29	11.11	18.57	20.74	22.51
California	9.05	10.94	11.51	19.34	21.38	23.02
Nevada	7.55	5.94	9.06	12.53	14.05	16.16
Oregon	4.01	5.87	7.74	12.24	14.10	15.23
Washington	6.72	7.55	9.47	14.23	16.82	19.32
Alaska	8.36	11.54	16.58	35.21	38.84	42.36
Hawaii	19.19	20.00	16.23	31.39	35.89	39.37
ADDENDA: CENSUS REGIONS
New England	6.35	8.47	11.43	18.37	20.32	23.14
Middle Atlantic	7.59	9.52	12.86	19.33	19.30	20.83
East North Central	5.85	7.41	9.83	15.24	15.67	16.92
West North Central	4.54	5.92	8.21	12.70	13.60	15.11
South Atlantic	5.36	7.18	9.72	15.36	16.87	18.69
East South Central	4.40	6.84	9.64	14.70	15.80	17.24
West South Central	6.18	8.14	8.80	13.13	13.97	15.83
Mountain	6.84	9.17	11.41	17.27	20.22	22.68
Pacific	8.64	10.37	11.16	18.70	20.89	22.66

Tabulated by location of the provider of service.