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. 1995 May 9;92(10):4432–4436. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4432

Dual transcriptional control by Ear3/COUP: negative regulation through the DR1 direct repeat and positive regulation through a sequence downstream of the transcriptional start site of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter.

Y Kadowaki 1, K Toyoshima 1, T Yamamoto 1
PMCID: PMC41958  PMID: 7753823

Abstract

Ear3/COUP is an orphan member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors and binds most tightly to a direct repeat of AGGTCA with 1 nucleotide in between (DR1). Ear3/COUP also binds with a similar affinity to the palindromic thyroid hormone response element (TRE). This binding preference of Ear3/COUP is same as that of the retinoid X receptor (RXR), which is another member of the superfamily. In the present study, we identified a sequence responsible for Ear3/COUP-mediated transactivation in the region downstream of the transcription start site of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. This cis-acting sequence was unresponsive to RXR. When the DR1 or TRE sequence was added upstream of the promoter, transactivation by Ear3/COUP was completely abolished, whereas RXR enhanced transcription from the promoter. The mode of action of Ear3/COUP could be utilized to control complex gene expressions in morphogenesis, homeostasis, and development.

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