Abstract Abstract
A checklist of the ‘lower Brachycera’ of Finland is presented. This part of the complete checklist of Finnish Diptera covers the families Acroceridae, Asilidae, Athericidae, Bombyliidae, Mythicomyiidae, Rhagionidae, Scenopinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Xylomyidae and Xylophagidae.
Keywords: Species list, Finland, Diptera, biodiversity, faunistics
Introduction
This part of the checklist of the Diptera of Finland covers non-eremoneuran true flies (Diptera: Brachycera). The brachyceran flies excluded from the clade Eremoneura are often called the ‘lower Brachycera’ due to their basal position in the true fly tree of life. It remains unclear whether this assemblage of families is a monophyletic clade. There are also several models for the relative relationships of the various superfamilies and families. A simple classification scheme following Marshall (2012) is adopted for this checklist. Only two infraorders, Tabanomorpha and Asilomorpha, are recognized. The presentation order of families follows Woodley et al. (2009).
World catalogues have recently been published for Stratiomyidae (Woodley 2001, 2011b), Xylomyidae (Woodley 2011a), Xylophagidae (Woodley 2011c), Bombyliidae (Evenhuis and Greathead 1999, 2003) and Mythicomyiidae (Evenhuis 2002). The Finnish species were last listed by Kahanpää and Winqvist (2005). Five species have been added since the last checklist: Haematopota italica Meigen, 1804, Lasiopogon septentrionalis Lehr, 1984, Nemotelus infortunatus Kahanpää, 2010, Xylophagus inermis Krivosheina & Krivosheina, 2000 and Zabrachia tenella (Jaennicke, 1866) (see Kahanpää 2013, Cannings and Kahanpää 2013, Kahanpää 2010, this paper, and Krivosheina and Rozkošný 1990 respectively). Table 1 summarizes the current family species counts for the world, Europe (based on Fauna Europaea), and Finland.
Table 1.
Number of species in tabanomorph and asilomorph families plus Acroceridae.
| Family | Number of species in | Level of knowledge | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | Europe | Finland | ||
| Tabanomorpha: | ||||
| Stratiomyidae | 2715 (Woodley 2001, 2011b) | 141 | 29 | good |
| Xylomyidae | 138 (Woodley 2011a) | 13–14 | 1 | good |
| Xylophagidae | 134 (Woodley 2011c) | 8 | 5 | average–good |
| Rhagionidae | 694 (Pape et al. 2011) | 85 | 15–16 | average–good |
| Athericidae | 124 (Pape et al. 2011) | 10 | 1 | good |
| Tabanidae | 4405 (Pape et al. 2011) | 213 | 38–39 | good |
| Asilomorpha: | ||||
| Asilidae | 7513 (Pape et al. 2011) | 524 | 35 | good |
| Bombyliidae | ~5000 (Evenhuis and Greathead 1999, 2003) | 335 | 18–19 | good |
| Mythicomyiidae | ~330 (Evenhuis 2002, Pape et al. 2011) | 30 | 1 | average |
| Scenopinidae | 416 (Pape et al. 2011) | 17 | 3 | good |
| Therevidae | 1129 (Pape et al. 2011) | 99 | 17 | average–good |
| unplaced: | ||||
| Acroceridae | 392 (Pape et al. 2011) | 34 | 5 | average |
Tabanomorpha
The stratiomyoid and xylophagoid lineages are often treated as infraorders (Woodley et al. 2009).
The soldierflies (Stratiomyidae) are very diverse in the tropics but the species diversity decreases sharply towards the higher latitudes. The wood soldier flies (xylomyids) is a small fly family associated with dead wood. The Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica series has a volume on stratiomyoid flies (Rozkošný 1973). A new Nemotelus species was recently described from Finland (Kahanpää 2010a).
The Finnish rhagionids are relatively well known but a few additional species could occur in the country. Ptiolina is a problematic genus and the number of recognized species in Northern Europe has varied from two to seven during the last century. Athericidae was traditionally placed as a subfamily of Rhagionidae, but it seems more closely associated with Tabanidae (Marshall 2012). Itämies et al. (1990, 1993) have studied the distribution of Atherix ibis in Finland.
The Finnish xylophagid fauna is relatively well sampled. Adults of the North European species can be identified using Nartshuk (1988) or Kahanpää (2009). The larvae can also be identified at least at the last larval stage (Stubbs and Drake 2001, Krivosheina and Krivosheina 1966).
The tabanid nomenclature (especially Hybomitra) is quite convoluted and records in older publications must be taken with a grain of salt. Karvonen (1969) summarized the distribution of tabanids in Finland, but this work is now partially obsolete due to the difficulties in identifying Hybomitra and Haematopota before Chvála et al. (1972) was published. For identification of North European tabanids Chvála et al. (1972) complemented with pictures in Zeegers and van Haaren (2000) or Krčmar et al. (2011) is recommended. An illustrated guide to the Finnish species is in preparation (A. Haarto, unpublished).
Asilomorpha
The asilids and bombyliids of Finland are rather well known from a faunistic point of view but little is known about their ecology. Most of the North European species are easy to identify but problems with Villa resulted in a cascade of name changes in the late 20th century. Falck (2009) and Blöchlinger (2008) are good starting points for identifying Villa adults. François (1969) has male genitalia figures for some of the more difficult Villa species. The Mythicomyiidae or micro bee flies were long seen as a subfamily of Bombyliidae.
Identifying Thereva species was also fraught with difficulties in the past but by the end of the 20th century the North European fauna was pretty well understood. A review of the Finnish therevid fauna with keys has recently been published (Haarto and Winqvist 2006). The window flies, Scenopinidae, is a smallish asiloid lineage associated with the therevids. It has even been proposed they are a specialized subgroup of the Therevidae (Woodley 2009).
Acroceridae
The small-headed flies (Acroceridae) are a fly family of obscure origin. Affinities with Nemestrinidae, Tabanoidea, Stratiomyoidea, Bombyliidae and Asilomorpha have been proposed (see Marshall 2012 for further discussion). Finnish acrocerid records are mostly of single adults caught by sweep-netting, although Storå (1956) found groups of 20–40 Acrocera orbiculus swarming on a coastal meadow. The acrocerid species seem to have declined in abundance during the 20th century. Four of our five Finnish species are now on the national red list (Kahanpää 2010b).
Checklist part 1: Tabanomorpha (sensu lato)
suborder Brachycera Macquart, 1834
clade Orthorrapha Brauer, 1863
superfamily Stratiomyoidea Latreille, 1802
STRATIOMYIDAE Latreille, 1802
BERIDINAE Westwood, 1838
BERIS Latreille, 1802
Beris chalybata (Forster, 1771)
Beris clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767)
Beris fuscipes Meigen, 1820
Beris hauseri Stuke, 2004
= strobli auct. nec. Dušek & Rozkošný, 1968
Beris morrisii Dale, 1841
NEMOTELINAE Kertész, 1912
NEMOTELUS Geoffroy, 1762
sg. Camptopelta Williston, 1917
Nemotelus nigrinus Fallén, 1817
sg. Nemotelus Geoffroy, 1762
Nemotelus infortunatus Kahanpää, 2010
Nemotelus notatus Zetterstedt, 1842
Nemotelus uliginosus (Linnaeus, 1767)
PACHYGASTRINAE Loew, 1856
BERKSHIRIA Johnson, 1914
= Pseudowallacea Kertész, 1921
Berkshiria hungarica (Kertesz, 1921)
= albistylum misid.
= barovskii misid.
NEOPACHYGASTER Austen, 1901
Neopachygaster meromelas (Dufour, 1841)
= orbitalis (Wahlberg, 1854)
ZABRACHIA Coquillett, 1901
Zabrachia minutissima (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Zabrachia tenella (Jaennicke, 1866) see Notes
SARGINAE Walker, 1834
CHLOROMYIA Duncan, 1837
Chloromyia formosa (Scopoli, 1763)
MICROCHRYSA Loew, 1855
Microchrysa cyaneiventris (Zetterstedt, 1842)
Microchrysa flavicornis (Meigen, 1822)
Microchrysa polita (Linnaeus, 1758)
SARGUS Fabricius, 1798
Sargus cuprarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sargus flavipes Meigen, 1822
= nigripes Zetterstedt, 1842
= splendens auct. nec. Meigen, 1804
Sargus iridatus (Scopoli, 1763)
Sargus rufipes Wahlberg, 1854
STRATIOMYINAE Latreille, 1802
tribe Oxycerini Enderlein, 1914
OXYCERA Meigen, 1803
Oxycera centralis Loew, 1863
= centralis Frey, 1911 preocc.
= freyi Lindner, 1938
Oxycera dives Loew, 1845
Oxycera trilineata (Linnaeus, 1767)
tribe Stratiomyini Latreille, 1802
ODONTOMYIA Meigen, 1803
Odontomyia angulata (Panzer, 1798)
Odontomyia argentata (Fabricius, 1794)
Odontomyia microleon (Linnaeus, 1758)
OPLODONTHA Rondani, 1863
Oplodontha viridula (Fabricius, 1775)
STRATIOMYS Geoffroy, 1762
Stratiomys singularior (Harris, 1776)
= furcata Fabricius, 1794
XYLOMYIDAE Verrall, 1901
XYLOMYA Rondani, 1861
Xylomya czekanovskii Pleske, 1925
= interrupta auct. nec. (Pleske, 1926)
= maculata auct. nec. (Meigen, 1804)
superfamily Xylophagoidea Fallén, 1810
XYLOPHAGIDAE Fallén, 1810
XYLOPHAGUS Meigen, 1803
= Erinna Meigen, 1800 suppr.
Xylophagus ater Meigen, 1804 see Notes
= compeditus Wiedemann, 1820
Xylophagus cinctus (De Geer, 1776)
Xylophagus inermis Krivosheina & Krivosheina, 2000 see Notes
= matsumurae misid.
Xylophagus junki (Szilády, 1932)
Xylophagus kowarzi (Pleske, 1925) see Notes
= ater auct. nec. Meigen, 1804
superfamily Rhagionoidea Latreille, 1802
RHAGIONIDAE Latreille, 1802
RHAGIONINAE Latreille, 1802
RHAGIO Fabricius, 1775
Rhagio annulatus (De Geer, 1776)
Rhagio lineola Fabricius, 1794
Rhagio maculatus (De Geer, 1776)
Rhagio notatus (Meigen, 1820)
Rhagio scolopaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rhagio tringarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
CHRYSOPILINAE Bezzi, 1903
CHRYSOPILUS Macquart, 1826
Chrysopilus auratus (Fabricius, 1805)
?= cristatus (Fabricius, 1775) nom. dubium
Chrysopilus luteolus (Fallén, 1814)
Chrysopilus nubecula (Fallén, 1814)
? Chrysopilus suomianus (Szilády, 1934) see Notes
SPANIINAE Rondani, 1856
OMPHALOPHORA Becker, 1900
Omphalophora oculata Becker, 1900
= lapponica Frey, 1911
PTIOLINA Zetterstedt, 1842
Ptiolina nigra Zetterstedt, 1842
Ptiolina nigrina Wahlgren, 1854 see Notes
Ptiolina nitida Wahlgren, 1854
Ptiolina obscura (Fallén, 1814)
SPANIA Meigen, 1830
Spania nigra Meigen, 1830
SYMPHOROMYIA Frauenfeld, 1867
sg. Paraphoromyia Becker, 1921
Symphoromyia crassicornis (Panzer, 1806)
ATHERICIDAE Nowicki, 1873
ATHERIX Meigen, 1803
Atherix ibis (Fabricius, 1798)
superfamily Tabanoidea Latreille, 1802
TABANIDAE Latreille, 1802
CHRYSOPSINAE Lutz, 1905
tribe Chrysopsini Lutz, 1905
CHRYSOPS Meigen, 1803
sg. Chrysops Meigen, 1803
Chrysops caecutiens (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chrysops divaricatus Loew, 1858
Chrysops nigripes Zetterstedt, 1838
= lapponicus Loew, 1858
Chrysops relictus Meigen, 1820
= melanopleurus Wahlberg, 1848
Chrysops rufipes Meigen, 1820
Chrysops sepulcralis (Fabricius, 1794)
Chrysops viduatus (Fabricius, 1794)
= pictus Meigen, 1820
TABANINAE Latreille, 1802
tribe Haematopotini Enderlein, 1922
HAEMATOPOTA Meigen, 1803
Haematopota crassicornis Wahlberg, 1848
Haematopota italica Meigen, 1804
Haematopota pluvialis (Linnaeus, 1758)
= italica misid.
? Haematopota subcylindrica Pandellé, 1883 see Notes
HEPTATOMA Meigen, 1803
Heptatoma pellucens (Fabricius, 1776)
tribe Tabanini Latreille, 1802
ATYLOTUS Osten Sacken, 1876
Atylotus fulvus (Meigen, 1820)
Atylotus plebeius (Fallén, 1817)
Atylotus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Atylotus sublunaticornis (Zetterstedt, 1842)
HYBOMITRA Enderlein, 1922
Hybomitra arpadi (Szilády, 1923)
Hybomitra astuta (Osten Sacken, 1876) see Notes
= polaris (Frey, 1915)
Hybomitra auripila (Meigen, 1820) see Notes
= aterrima (Meigen, 1820)
Hybomitra bimaculata (Macquart, 1826)
= tropica misid.
?= solstitialis (Meigen, 1820) see Notes
Hybomitra borealis (Fabricius, 1781)
= lapponicus (Wahlberg, 1848)
Hybomitra ciureai (Séguy, 1937)
= schineri Lyneborg, 1959
Hybomitra distinguenda (Verrall, 1909)
Hybomitra kaurii Chvála & Lyneborg, 1970
= borealis misid.
Hybomitra lundbecki Lyneborg, 1959
= fulvicornis misid.
Hybomitra lurida (Fallén, 1817)
Hybomitra montana (Meigen, 1820)
Hybomitra muehlfeldi (Brauer, 1880)
= flaviceps (Zetterstedt, 1842)
Hybomitra nigricornis (Zetterstedt, 1842)
Hybomitra nitidifrons (Szilády, 1914)
= confinis misid.
Hybomitra sexfasciata (Hine, 1923)
= borealis anderi Kauri, 1951
Hybomitra tarandina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hybomitra tropica (Linnaeus, 1758)
TABANUS Linnaeus, 1758
Tabanus autumnalis Linnaeus, 1761
Tabanus bovinus Linnaeus, 1758
Tabanus bromius Linnaeus, 1758
Tabanus cordiger Meigen, 1820
Tabanus maculicornis Zetterstedt, 1842
Tabanus sudeticus Zeller, 1842
Checklist part 2: Asilomorpha
suborder Brachycera Macquart, 1834
clade Orthorrapha Brauer, 1863
superfamily Asiloidea Latreille, 1802
ASILIDAE Latreille, 1802
ASILINAE Latreille, 1802
ASILUS Linnaeus, 1758
Asilus crabroniformis Linnaeus, 1758
DIDYSMACHUS Lehr, 1996
Didysmachus picipes (Meigen, 1820)
DYSMACHUS Loew, 1860
Dysmachus trigonus (Meigen, 1804)
MACHIMUS Loew, 1849
Machimus setibarbis Loew, 1849
NEOITAMUS Osten Sacken, 1878
Neoitamus cothurnatus (Meigen, 1820)
Neoitamus cyanurus (Loew, 1849)
Neoitamus socius (Loew, 1871)
NEOMOCHTHERUS Osten Sacken, 1878
Neomochtherus pallipes (Meigen, 1820)
PAMPONERUS Loew, 1849
Pamponerus germanicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
PHILONICUS Loew, 1849
Philonicus albiceps (Meigen, 1820)
RHADIURGUS Loew, 1849
Rhadiurgus variabilis (Zetterstedt, 1838)
TOLMERUS Loew, 1849
Tolmerus atricapillus (Fallén, 1814)
Tolmerus pyragra (Zeller, 1840)
LAPHRINAE Macquart, 1838
tribe Andrenosomatini Hull, 1962
ANDRENOSOMA Rondani, 1856
Andrenosoma albibarbe (Meigen, 1820)
tribe Laphrini Macquart, 1838
CHOERADES Walker, 1851
Choerades fuliginosus (Panzer, 1798)
Choerades gilvus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Choerades igneus (Meigen, 1820)
Choerades lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1842)
Choerades marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
LAPHRIA Meigen, 1803
Laphria flava (Linnaeus, 1761)
Laphria gibbosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
LEPTOGASTRINAE Schiner, 1862
LEPTOGASTER Meigen, 1803
Leptogaster cylindrica (De Geer, 1776)
Leptogaster guttiventris Zetterstedt, 1842
STENOPOGONINAE Hull, 1962
tribe Dioctriini Hendel, 1936
DIOCTRIA Meigen, 1803
Dioctria atricapilla Meigen, 1804
Dioctria cothurnata Meigen, 1820
Dioctria hyalipennis (Fabricius, 1794)
Dioctria oelandica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dioctria rufipes (De Geer, 1776)
tribe Stegopogonini Hull, 1962
CYRTOPOGON Loew, 1847
Cyrtopogon flavimanus (Meigen, 1820)
Cyrtopogon lapponicus (Zetterstedt, 1838)
Cyrtopogon lateralis (Fallén, 1814)
Cyrtopogon luteicornis (Zetterstedt, 1842)
= luteicornis var. pollinosus Frey, 1911
Cyrtopogon pulchripes Loew, 1871
tribe Stichopogonini Hardy, 1930
LASIOPOGON Loew, 1847
Lasiopogon cinctus (Fabricius, 1781)
Lasiopogon septentrionalis Lehr, 1984
BOMBYLIIDAE Latreille, 1802
PHTHIRIINAE Becker, 1913
tribe Phthiriini Becker, 1913
PHTHIRIA Meigen, 1803
Phthiria pulicaria (Mikan, 1796)
BOMBYLIINAE Latreille, 1802
tribe Bombyliini Latreille, 1802
BOMBYLIUS Linnaeus, 1758
sg. Bombylius Linnaeus, 1758
Bombylius discolor Mikan, 1796
Bombylius major Linnaeus, 1758
Bombylius minor Linnaeus, 1758
= allibarbis Zetterstedt, 1842
= albibarbis emend.
SYSTOECHUS Loew, 1855
Systoechus ctenopterus (Mikan, 1796)
= sulphureus (Mikan, 1796)
Systoechus gradatus (Wiedemann, 1820)
ANTHRACINAE Latreille, 1804
tribe Anthracini Latreille, 1804
ANTHRAX Scopoli, 1763
Anthrax anthrax (Schrank, 1781)
Anthrax trifasciatus Meigen, 1804
= leucogaster Wiedemann, 1820
Anthrax varius Fabricius, 1794
tribe Exoprosopini Becker, 1913
EXOPROSOPA Macquart, 1840
Exoprosopa capucina (Fabricius, 1781)
MICOMITRA Bowden, 1964
Micomitra stupida (Rossi, 1790)
tribe Villini Hull, 1973
HEMIPENTHES Loew, 1869
Hemipenthes maura (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hemipenthes morio (Linnaeus, 1758)
THYRIDANTHRAX Osten Sacken, 1886
Thyridanthrax fenestratus (Fallén, 1814)
VILLA Lioy, 1864
Villa cingulata (Meigen, 1804)
? Villa halteralis (Kowarz, 1883) see Notes
Villa hottentotta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Villa modesta (Meigen, 1820)
Villa occulta (Wiedemann, 1820)
MYTHICOMYIIDAE Melander, 1902
GLABELLULINAE Cockerell, 1914
GLABELLULA Bezzi, 1902
Glabellula arctica (Zetterstedt, 1838)
SCENOPINIDAE Burmeister, 1835
SCENOPINUS Latreille, 1802
Scenopinus fenestralis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scenopinus niger (De Geer, 1776)
Scenopinus sp. A see Notes
= vitripennis misid.
THEREVIDAE Newman, 1834
THEREVINAE Newman, 1834
ACROSATHE Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981
Acrosathe annulata (Fabricius, 1805)
DIALINEURA Rondani, 1856
Dialineura anilis (Linnaeus, 1761)
DICHOGLENA Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981
Dichoglena nigripennis (Ruthe, 1831)
PANDIVIRILIA Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981
Pandivirilia eximia (Meigen, 1820)
PSILOCEPHALA Zetterstedt, 1838
Psilocephala imberbis (Fallén, 1814)
SPIRIVERPA Irwin & Lyneborg, 1981
Spiriverpa lunulata (Zetterstedt, 1838)
= clausa (Frey, 1911)
THEREVA Latreille, 1796
Thereva cinifera Meigen, 1830
= subfasciata Schummel, 1830
Thereva fuscinervis Zetterstedt, 1838
Thereva handlirschi Kröber, 1912
= praestans Collin, 1948
Thereva inornata Verrall, 1909
Thereva lanata Zetterstedt, 1838
Thereva microcephala Loew, 1847
Thereva nobilitata (Fabricius, 1775)
Thereva plebeja (Linnaeus, 1758)
Thereva strigata (Fabricius, 1794)
Thereva unica (Harris, 1780)
= bipunctata Meigen, 1820
Thereva valida Loew, 1847
= circumscripta auct. nec. Loew, 1847
Checklist part 3: families of uncertain position (incertae sedis)
suborder Brachycera Macquart, 1834
clade Orthorrapha Brauer, 1863
? superfamily Nemestrinoidea Griffith & Pidgeon, 1832
ACROCERIDAE Leach, 1815
ACROCERA Meigen, 1803
= Paracrocera Mik, 1886
sg. Acrocera Meigen, 1803
Acrocera orbiculus (Fabricius, 1787)
= globulus (Panzer, 1804)
= borealis Zetterstedt, 1838
OGCODES Latreille, 1796
sg. Ogcodes Latreille, 1796
Ogcodes borealis Cole, 1919 see Notes
Ogcodes gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ogcodes nigripes (Zetterstedt, 1838) see Notes
Ogcodes pallipes Latreille in Olivier, 1812
Excluded species
Anastoechus nitidulus (Fabricius, 1794) labeling mistake
Beris geniculata Curtis, 1830 misidentified
Cliorismia ardea (Fabricius, 1794) not found within present borders
Cliorismia rustica (Panzer, 1804) not found within present borders
Choerades fimbriata (Meigen, 1820) mistake
Choerades ursulus (Loew, 1851) misidentified see Notes
Chrysopilus splendidus (Meigen, 1820) mistake
Cyrtopogon maculipennis (Macquart, 1834) labeling mistake
Epitriptus arthriticus (Zeller, 1840) mistake
Machimus gonatistes (Zeller, 1840) not found within present borders
Odontomyia hydroleon (Linnaeus, 1758) not found within present borders
Pandivirilia nigroanalis (Kröber, 1928) misidentified
Phthiria canescens Loew, 1846 not found within present borders
Tabanus miki Brauer, 1880 misidentified
Tolmerus cingulatus (Fabricius, 1781) mistake
Villa fasciata (Meigen, 1804) not found within present borders
= circumdata (Meigen, 1820)
= venusta (Meigen, 1820)
Villa longicornis Lyneborg, 1965 not found within present borders
Villa panisca (Rossi, 1790) not found within present borders
= circumdata auct. nec. (Meigen, 1820)
Xylophagus matsumurae Miyatake, 1965 misidentified
Notes
Choerades ursulus (Loew, 1851) is a poorly known taxon. It was synonymized with Choerades fuliginosus by Lehr (1991) but later considered valid by Bosák and Hradský (2001). Kahanpää and Winqvist (2005) accepted it as a Finnish species but upon re-examination we consider it most likely that the single Finnish specimen previously identified as Choerades ursulus is a dark male of Choerades fuliginosus.
Chrysopilus suomianus (Szilády, 1934). The type locality of this species is Enontekiö, Finland (Szilády 1934). Unfortunately the type material seems lost and the name is probably best treated as a nomen dubium. Based on Szilády’s original description it may be a dark form of Chrysopilus nubecula.
Hybomitra astuta (Osten Sacken, 1876). Kahanpää and Winqvist (2005) could not locate any material in Finnish collections. Several new records of this species have since been made and its presence in Finland is now confirmed.
Hybomitra auripila (Meigen, 1820). The synonymy of Hybomitra auripila (Meigen, 1820) with Hybomitra aterrima (Meigen, 1820) was established by Schacht (1994) and is accepted here. Schiner (1862) already mentioned Hybomitra aterrima as synonym to Hybomitra auripila. Since we consider him to be the first revisor, the name Hybomitra auripila is valid under the current Code.
Hybomitra solstitialis (Meigen, 1820) has long been known to be a problematic taxon. It is separated from Hybomitra bimaculata (Macquart, 1826) based on color characters alone. The examined Finnish material includes a range of intermediates between typical Hybomitra bimaculata and Hybomitra solstitialis forms. It seems likely that the two names are synonymous, but types should be consulted before synonymy is formally published.
Haematopota subcylindrica Pandellé, 1883. First recorded from Finland by Vuorimies (1984). Unfortunately the specimens listed in his paper could not be found and their identification remains somewhat doubtful.
Ogcodes borealis Cole, 1919. A single Finnish specimen collected in the mid-19th century is the sole Palearctic record of this species. Originally identified and published by Hackman (1970), the record was later confirmed by Kahanpää and Winqvist (2005). Ogcodes borealis Cole sensuSchlinger (1960) may be a species complex.
Ogcodes nigripes (Zetterstedt, 1838) is probably a senior synonym of Ogcodes zonatus Erichson, 1840.
Ptiolina nigrina Wahlgren, 1854 may be a synonym of Ptiolina nigra Zetterstedt, 1842.
Scenopinus sp. A is an apparently undescribed species near Scenopinus fenestralis with black femora. It occurs widely in Finland in association with bird nests.
Villa halteralis (Kowarz, 1883). See Kahanpää and Winqvist (2005) for a discussion of the single supposed Finnish record of this species.
Xylophagus ater Meigen, 1804. This name has widely been used for two species. Old Finnish checklists (Frey et al. 1941, Hackman 1980) followed the model also used in the world checklist Woodley (2011c) and used this name for the species also known as Xylophagus kowarzi (Pleske, 1925). On the British Isles the name Xylophagus ater is used as a senior name for Xylophagus compeditus Wiedemann in Meigen, 1820. According to Alexander and Clements (1991) and Chandler (1998a, b) the British usage is correct and it is followed here. Thus, Xylophagus ater is the common species with females easily identified by the three stripes of dusting on the mesonotum.
Xylophagus inermis Krivosheina & Krivosheina, 2000 was described as a subspecies of Xylophagus matsumurae Miyatake, 1965 = maculatus Matsumura, 1916 (preoccupied by Xylophagus maculatus Meigen, 1804) (Krivosheina and Krivosheina 2000). It was raised to a full species status in the recent world catalogue (Woodley 2011c). All collected Finnish specimens formerly identified as Xylophagus matsumurae were examined and they belong to Xylophagus inermis.
Zabrachia tenella (Jaennicke, 1866). First recorded from Finland by Krivosheina and Rozkošný (1990). We have examined the Finnish Zabrachia material and confirmed the presence of both Zabrachia tenella and Zabrachia minutissima in the country.
Citation
Kahanpää J, Winqvist K, Zeegers T (2014) Checklist of the ‘lower Brachycera’ of Finland: Tabanomorpha, Asilomorpha and associated families (Diptera). In: Kahanpää J, Salmela J (Eds) Checklist of the Diptera of Finland. ZooKeys 441: 165–181. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7198
References
- Alexander K, Clements D. (1991) Xylophagus – the continuing story. Larger Brachycera Recording Scheme Newsletter 8: 1–2 [Google Scholar]
- Blöchlinger H. (2008) Zur Bestimmung der Schweizer Arten der Wollschweber-Gattung Villa (Diptera, Bombyliidae). Entomo helvetica 1: 7–14 [Google Scholar]
- Bosák J, Hradský M. (2001) Some remarks on the distribution of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) in Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 3(3): 1–28 [Google Scholar]
- Cannings RA, Kahanpää J. (2013) Lasiopogon septentrionalis, a robber fly (Diptera: Asilidae) new to the European Fauna. Entomologica fennica 24(2): 113–116 [Google Scholar]
- Chandler PJ. (1998a) Checklists of Insects of the British Isles (New Series) Part 1: Diptera. Royal Entomological Society, London, 234 pp. http://www.dipteristsforum.org.uk/sgb_check_intro.php [Google Scholar]
- Chandler PJ. (1998b) The identity of Xylophagus ater Meigen (Diptera, Xylophagidae). Dipterists Digest, 2nd series5(2): 88 [Google Scholar]
- Chvála M, Lyneborg L, Moucha J. (1972) The Horse Flies of Europe (Diptera, Tabanidae). The Entomological Society of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 498 pp [Google Scholar]
- Evenhuis NL. (2002) Catalog of the Mythicomyiidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology 10: 1–85 [Google Scholar]
- Evenhuis NL, Greathead DJ. (1999) World Catalog of Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 804 pp [Google Scholar]
- Evenhuis NL, Greathead DJ. (2003) World Catalog of Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae): Corrigenda and Addenda. Zootaxa 300: 1–64. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pdf/zt300.pdf [Google Scholar]
- Falck M. (2009) The Norwegian species of Villa Lioy, 1864 (Diptera, Bombyliidae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology 56(2): 120–130. http://www.entomologi.no/journals/nje/2009-2/pdf/NJE-vol56-nr2-Falck.pdf [Google Scholar]
- François F. (1969) Bombyliidae (Diptera) meconnus. III 1. Essai de révision des Villa paléarctiques du groupe cingulata paniscus. Bulletin et Annales de la Société royale d’Entomologie de Belgique 105: 146–171 [Google Scholar]
- Frey R, Tiensuu L, Storå R. (1941) Enumeratio Insectorum Fenniae. VI. Diptera. Helsingin hyönteisvaihtoyhdistys r. y., Helsinki, 63 pp [Google Scholar]
- Haarto A, Winqvist K. (2006) Finnish flies of the family Therevidae. Entomologica fennica 17: 46–55 [Google Scholar]
- Hackman W. (1970) Mötesreferat – Kokousselostuksia. Notulae entomologicae 50(4): 131–136 [Google Scholar]
- Hackman W. (1980) A Check List of the Finnish Diptera. Notulae entomologicae 60: 17–48, 117–162 [Google Scholar]
- Itämies J, Kuusela K, Karvonen K. (1993) Distribution of Atherix ibis (Diptera, Athericidae) in Fennoscandia. Entomologica fennica 4(3): 161–164 [Google Scholar]
- Itämies J, Kuusela K, Räinä P. (1990) Records of Atherix ibis in Finland (Diptera, Athericidae). Entomologica fennica 1(2): 113–117 [Google Scholar]
- Kahanpää J. (2009) Key: The European species of Xylophagus (Diptera: Xylophagidae). http://www.online-keys.net/infusions/keys/keys_print.php?key_no=3
- Kahanpää J. (2010a) Finnish species of Nemotelus (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2401: 30–40. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02401p040f.pdf [Google Scholar]
- Kahanpää J. (2010b) Kärpäset – True flies (Diptera: Brachycera). In: Rassi P, Hyvärinen E, Juslén A, Mannerkoski I. (Eds) Suomen lajien uhanalaisuus – Punainen kirja 2010. Ympäristöministeriö & Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki, 490–504. http://www.ym.fi/fi-FI/Ajankohtaista/Julkaisut/Erillisjulkaisut/Suomen_lajien_uhanalaisuus__Punainen_kir%284709%29 [Google Scholar]
- Kahanpää J. (2013) Viisikymmentä Suomelle uutta kärpäslajia (Diptera: Brachycera). Sahlbergia 19(1–2): 63–71 [Google Scholar]
- Kahanpää J, Winqvist K. (2005) Check-list of Finnish flies: families Xylophagidae–Microphoridae. Sahlbergia 10(1): 10–27 [Google Scholar]
- Karvonen J. (1969) On Finnish Tabanids (Diptera). Annales entomologici fennici 35(3): 176–183 [Google Scholar]
- Krčmar S, Hackenberger DK, Hackenberger BK. (2011) Key to the horse flies fauna of Croatia (Diptera, Tabanidae). Periodicum biologorum, Supplement 113(2): 1–61 [Google Scholar]
- Krivosheina NP, Krivosheina MG. (1966) Die Larven der europäischen Arten der Gattung Xylophagus Meigen. Beiträge zur Entomologie 16: 275–283 [Google Scholar]
- Krivosheina NP, Krivosheina MG. (2000) New data on rare xylophilous flies of the genus Xylophagus (Diptera, Xylophagidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 79(10): 1216–1228 [Google Scholar]
- Krivosheina NP, Rozkošný R. (1990) Zabrachia stackelbergi sp. n., a new species of xylophilous soldier fly from eastern Asia (Diptera, Stratiomyidae). Acta entomologica bohemoslovaca 87(4): 304–313 [Google Scholar]
- Lehr PA. (1991) Revision of robber flies of the genus Choerades Walker, 1851, and notes on the structure of the subfamily Laphriinae (Diptera, Adilidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 70(3): 694–715 [Google Scholar]
- Marshall SA. (2012) Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books, Richmond Hill, Ontario, 616 pp [Google Scholar]
- Nartshuk EP. (1988) 35. Family Xylophagidae (Coenomyiidae, Erinnidae). In: Bei-Bienko GY. (Ed) Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Volume 5: Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta & New York, 698–700 [Google Scholar]
- Pape T, Blagoderov V, Mostovski MB. (2011) Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang Z-Q. (Ed) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness.Zootaxa 3148: 222–229. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p229.pdf [DOI] [PubMed]
- Rozkošný R. (1973) The Stratiomyioidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, vol. 1. Scandinavian Science Press Ltd., Gadstrup, 140 pp [Google Scholar]
- Schacht W. (1994) Zweiflügler aus Bayern V (Diptera: Coenomyiidae, Xylophagidae, Xylomyiidae, Tabanidae, Athericidae, Rhagionidae). Entomofauna 15: 521–536 [Google Scholar]
- Schiner JR. (1862) Fauna austriaca: Die Fliegen (Diptera), I Theil. Carl Gerold’s Sohn, Wien, 674 pp [Google Scholar]
- Schlinger EI. (1960) A revision of the genus Ogcodes Latreille with particular reference to species of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 111: 227–336. doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.111-3429.227 [Google Scholar]
- Storå R. (1956) Fynd av sällsynta dipterer i österbotten (Om). Notulae entomologicae 36: 17–22 [Google Scholar]
- Stubbs A, Drake M. (2001) British soldierflies and their allies. British Entomological and Natural History Society, Reading, 511 pp [Google Scholar]
- Szilády Z. (1934) Die palaearktischen Rhagioniden. Annales historico–naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 28: 229–277. http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_1934_Vol_28_229.pdf [Google Scholar]
- Vuorimies J. (1984) Kaksi maalle uutta Haematopota-lajia (Tabanidae). Notulae entomologicae 64(4): 203 [Google Scholar]
- Woodley NE. (2001) A World Catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia 11: 1–473 [Google Scholar]
- Woodley NE. (2009) Scenopinidae. In: Brown BV, Borkent A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado MA. (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 649–652 [Google Scholar]
- Woodley NE. (2011a) A Catalog of the World Xylomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). In: Brake I, Thompson FC. (Eds) Contributions to the Systema Dipterorum (Insecta: Diptera). Myia 12. Pensoft Publishers; & North America Dipterists Society, Sofia, Moscow: & Washington D.C., 417–453 [Google Scholar]
- Woodley NE. (2011b) A World Catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera): A Supplement with Revisionary Notes and Errata. In: Brake I, Thompson FC. (Eds) Contributions to the Systema Dipterorum (Insecta: Diptera). Myia 12. Pensoft Publishers; & North America Dipterists Society, Sofia, Moscow: & Washington D.C., 379–415 [Google Scholar]
- Woodley NE. (2011c) A world catalog of the Xylophagidae (Insecta: Diptera). In: Brake I, Thompson FC. (Eds) Contributions to the Systema Dipterorum (Insecta: Diptera). Myia 12. Pensoft Publishers; & North America Dipterists Society, Sofia, Moscow: & Washington D.C., 455–500 [Google Scholar]
- Woodley NE, Borkent A, Wheeler TA. (2009) Phylogeny of the Diptera. In: Brown BV, Borkent A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado MA. (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 79–94 [Google Scholar]
- Zeegers T, van Haaren T. (2000) Dazen en Dazenlarven. Wetenschappelijke mededeling 225. KNNV Uitgeverij, Utrecht, 114 pp [Google Scholar]