Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1976 Jul;14(1):257–265. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.1.257-265.1976

Increased antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli in bovine serum after the induction of endotoxin tolerance.

A W Hill, A L Shears, K G Hibbitt
PMCID: PMC420871  PMID: 780275

Abstract

Small amounts of endotoxin injected intramuscularly into cows induced endotoxin pyrogenic tolerance and an increase in the rate at which the serum killed a strain of Escherichia coli. Most of the difference between normal serum and serum from the endotoxin-tolerant animal was shown to be due to a bentonite-adsorbable factor other than lysozyme or beta-lysin. The antibacterial activity was not completely removed from either type of serum after bentonite adsorption. Electron microscope studies and measurement of the rate of release of radioactively labeled cytoplasmic contents showed that the bentonite-adsorbable factor was important in the final breakdown of the cell membrane and release of cellular contents. The antibacterial system was totally dependent on complement, and the importance of antibodies could not be entirely ruled out because adsorption at O C with homologous cells eliminated the killing activity.

Full text

PDF
257

Images in this article

261Image
on p.261
262Image
on p.262

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. DONALDSON D. M., ELLSWORTH B., MATHESON A. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF BETA-LYSIN FROM NORMAL SERUM. J Immunol. 1964 Jun;92:896–901. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. DUBOS R. J., SCHAEDLER R. W. Reversible changes in the susceptibility of mice to bacterial infections. I. Changes brought about by injection of pertussis vaccine or of bacterial endotoxins. J Exp Med. 1956 Jul 1;104(1):53–65. doi: 10.1084/jem.104.1.53. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Donaldson D. M., Roberts R. R., Larsen H. S., Tew J. G. Interrelationship between serum beta-lysin, lysozyme, and the antibody-complement system in killing Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1974 Sep;10(3):657–666. doi: 10.1128/iai.10.3.657-666.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Götze O., Müller-Eberhard H. J. The role of properdin in the alternate pathway of complement activation. J Exp Med. 1974 Jan 1;139(1):44–57. doi: 10.1084/jem.139.1.44. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. HOWARD J. G., ROWLEY D., WARDLAW A. C. Investigations on the mechanism of stimulation of non-specific immunity by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Immunology. 1958 Jul;1(3):181–203. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hill A. W., Hibbitt K. G., Shears A. The stimulation by endotoxin of the nonspecific resistance of mice to bacterial infections. Br J Exp Pathol. 1974 Apr;55(2):194–202. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hill W. C., Rowley D. The origin of the antibody released into serum following injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1967 Dec;45(6):693–701. doi: 10.1038/icb.1967.69. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. LANDY M., PILLEMER L. Elevation of properdin levels in mice following administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. J Exp Med. 1956 Jun 1;103(6):823–833. doi: 10.1084/jem.103.6.823. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. MacGregor R. R., Sheagren J. N., Wolff S. M. Endotoxin-induced modification of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. J Immunol. 1969 Jan;102(1):131–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Matheson A., Donaldson D. M. Alterations in the morphology of Bacillus subtilis after exposure to beta-lysin and ultraviolet light. J Bacteriol. 1968 May;95(5):1892–1902. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.5.1892-1902.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. OSAWA E., MUSCHEL L. H. The bactericidal action of normal serum and the properdin system. J Immunol. 1960 Feb;84:203–212. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. PARRY R. M., Jr, CHANDAN R. C., SHAHANI K. M. A RAPID AND SENSITIVE ASSAY OF MURAMIDASE. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1965 Jun;119:384–386. doi: 10.3181/00379727-119-30188. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Padgett G. A., Hirsch J. G. Lysozyme: its absence in tears and leukocytes of cattle. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1967 Oct;45(5):569–570. doi: 10.1038/icb.1967.56. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Phillips J. K., Snyderman R., Mergenhagen S. E. Activation of complement by endotoxin: a role for 2 globulin, C1, C4 and C2 in the consumption of terminal complement components by endotoxin-coated erythrocytes. J Immunol. 1972 Aug;109(2):334–341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. SABATINI D. D., BENSCH K., BARRNETT R. J. Cytochemistry and electron microscopy. The preservation of cellular ultrastructure and enzymatic activity by aldehyde fixation. J Cell Biol. 1963 Apr;17:19–58. doi: 10.1083/jcb.17.1.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. SKARNES R. C., WATSON D. W. Antimicrobial factors of normal tissues and fluids. Bacteriol Rev. 1957 Dec;21(4):273–294. doi: 10.1128/br.21.4.273-294.1957. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Spitznagel J. K. Normal serum cytotoxicity for P32-labeled smooth Enterobacteriaceae. 3. Isolation of a gammag normal antibody and characterization of other serum factors causing P32 loss. J Bacteriol. 1966 Jan;91(1):401–408. doi: 10.1128/jb.91.1.401-408.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Spitznagel J. K., Wilson L. A. Normal serum cytotoxicity for P32-labeled smooth Enterobacteriaceae. I. Loss of label, death, and ultrastructural damage. J Bacteriol. 1966 Jan;91(1):393–400. doi: 10.1128/jb.91.1.393-400.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Tew J. G., Scott R. L., Donaldson D. M. Plasma beta-lysin and lysozyme following endotoxin administration and the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1971 Feb;136(2):473–478. doi: 10.3181/00379727-136-35291. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. VENABLE J. H., COGGESHALL R. A SIMPLIFIED LEAD CITRATE STAIN FOR USE IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. J Cell Biol. 1965 May;25:407–408. doi: 10.1083/jcb.25.2.407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES