Skip to main content
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1977 Apr;16(1):1–8. doi: 10.1128/iai.16.1.1-8.1977

Stimulation of macrophages by cord factor and by heat-killed and living BCG.

E Yarkoni, L Wang, A Bekierkunst
PMCID: PMC421478  PMID: 406198

Abstract

Trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor; CF) injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice induced stimulation of the peritoneal macrophages, evidenced both by increased activity of the lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase, and by increased phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes. The increase in enzyme activity and phagocytosis was similar to that induced by killed or living BCG. When administered intravenously, CF or BCG did not induce stimulation of peritoneal macrophages. CF when added to tissue cultures of normal peritoneal cells did not induce increased acid phosphatase activity or increased phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes.

Full text

PDF
1

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bekierkunst A. Acute granulomatous response produced in mice by trehalose-6,6-dimycolate. J Bacteriol. 1968 Oct;96(4):958–961. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.4.958-961.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bekierkunst A. Immunotherapy and vaccination against cancer with non-living BCG and cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate). Int J Cancer. 1975 Sep 15;16(3):442–447. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910160311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bekierkunst A., Levij I. S., Yarkoni E. Suppression of urethan-induced lung adenomas in mice treated with trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (cord factor) and living bacillus Calmette Guérin. Science. 1971 Dec 17;174(4015):1240–1242. doi: 10.1126/science.174.4015.1240. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bekierkunst A., Levij I. S., Yarkoni E., Vilkas E., Adam A., Lederer E. Granuloma formation induced in mice by chemically defined mycobacterial fractions. J Bacteriol. 1969 Oct;100(1):95–102. doi: 10.1128/jb.100.1.95-102.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bekierkunst A., Levij I. S., Yarkoni E., Vilkas E., Lederer E. Cellular reaction in the footpad and draining lymph nodes of mice induced by mycobacterial fractions and BCG bacilli. Infect Immun. 1971 Sep;4(3):245–255. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.3.245-255.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bekierkunst A. Proceedings: Induction of granuloma with mycobacterial fractions, non-specific resistance and the immune response to unrelated antigens. Ann Sclavo. 1971 Nov-Dec;13(6):795–808. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bekierkunst A., Wang L., Toubiana R., Lederer E. Immunotherapy of Cancer with Nonliving BCG and Fractions Derived from Mycobacteria: Role of Cord Factor (Trehalose-6, 6'-Dimycolate) in Tumor Regression. Infect Immun. 1974 Nov;10(5):1044–1050. doi: 10.1128/iai.10.5.1044-1050.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bekierkunst A., Yarkoni E., Flechner I., Morecki S., Vilkas E., Lederer E. Immune response to sheep red blood cells in mice pretreated with mycobacterial fractions. Infect Immun. 1971 Sep;4(3):256–263. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.3.256-263.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dannenberg A. M., Jr Cellular hypersensitivity and cellular immunity in the pathogensis of tuberculosis: specificity, systemic and local nature, and associated macrophage enzymes. Bacteriol Rev. 1968 Jun;32(2):85–102. doi: 10.1128/br.32.2.85-102.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dannenberg A. M., Jr, Meyer O. T., Esterly J. R., Kambara T. The local nature of immunity in tuberculosis, illustrated histochemically in dermal BCG lesions. J Immunol. 1968 May;100(5):931–941. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Evans R., Alexander P. Mechanism of immunologically specific killing of tumour cells by macrophages. Nature. 1972 Mar 24;236(5343):168–170. doi: 10.1038/236168a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Evans R. Macrophages in syngeneic animal tumours. Transplantation. 1972 Oct;14(4):468–473. doi: 10.1097/00007890-197210000-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. GORER P. A. Some recent work on tumor immunity. Adv Cancer Res. 1956;4:149–186. doi: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60724-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Leake E. S., Evans D. G., Myrvik Q. N. Ultrastructural patterns of bacterial breakdown in normal and granulomatous rabbit alveolar macrophages. J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1971 Feb;9(2):174–199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lederer E. Cord factor and related trehalose esters. Chem Phys Lipids. 1976 Mar;16(2):91–106. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(76)90001-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Love R., Studzinski G. P., Walsh R. J. Nuclear, nucleolinar and cytoplasmic acidphosphatases in cultured mammalian cells. Exp Cell Res. 1969 Nov;58(1):62–72. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(69)90116-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. MYRVIK Q. N., LEAKE E. S., OSHIMA S. A study of macrophages and epitheloid-like cells from granulomatous (BCG-induced) lungs of rabbits. J Immunol. 1962 Nov;89:745–751. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Meyer T. J., Ribi E., Azuma I. Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls. V. Granuloma formation in mouse lungs and guinea pig skin. Cell Immunol. 1975 Mar;16(1):11–24. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(75)90181-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nishikawa Y., Okabe M., Yoshimoto K., Kurono G., Fukuoka F. Chemical and biochemical studies on carbohydrate esters. II. Antitumor activity of saturated fatty acids and their ester derivatives against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1976 Mar;24(3):387–393. doi: 10.1248/cpb.24.387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. North R. J. The uptake of particulate antigens. J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1968 Jun;5(3):203–229. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ofek I., Bekierkunst A. Chemotactic response of leukocytes to cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976 Dec;57(6):1379–1381. doi: 10.1093/jnci/57.6.1379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. SAITO K., SUTER E. LYSOSOMAL ACID HYDROLASES IN MICE INFECTED WITH BCG. J Exp Med. 1965 May 1;121:727–738. doi: 10.1084/jem.121.5.727. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Saito R., Tanaka A., Sugiyama K., Azuma I., Yamamura Y. Adjuvant effect of cord factor, a mycobacterial lipid. Infect Immun. 1976 Mar;13(3):776–781. doi: 10.1128/iai.13.3.776-781.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. TORRIANI A. Influence of inorganic phosphate in the formation of phosphatases by Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1960 Mar 11;38:460–469. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(60)91281-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. YOUMANS G. P., YOUMANS A. S. AN ACUTE PULMONARY GRANULOMATOUS RESPONSE IN MICE PRODUCED BY MYCOBACTERIAL CELLS AND ITS RELATION TO INCREASED RESISTANCE AND INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOUS INFECTION. J Infect Dis. 1964 Apr;114:135–151. doi: 10.1093/infdis/114.2.135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Yarkoni E., Bekierkunst A., Asselineau J., Toubiana R., Toubiana M. J., Lederer E. Supression of growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice pretreated with synthetic analogs of trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (cord factor). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973 Aug;51(2):717–720. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Yarkoni E., Bekierkunst A. Nonspecific resistance against infection with Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium induced in mice by cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) and its analogues. Infect Immun. 1976 Nov;14(5):1125–1129. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.5.1125-1129.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Yarkoni E., Wang L., Bekierkunst A. Suppression of growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice by trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) and BCG. Infect Immun. 1974 Jun;9(6):977–984. doi: 10.1128/iai.9.6.977-984.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Youmans G. P., Youmans A. S. Recent studies on acquired immunity in tuberculosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1969;48:129–178. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-46163-7_6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES