. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Immunotherapy. 2014 Jul;6(7):833–852. doi: 10.2217/imt.14.51

Table 2.

Costimulation.

Target	Uses	Agent	Developmental stage and clinical trial references^†
CD28	Agonistic antibody	TGN1412 (CD28- SuperMAB)	Discontinued due to toxicity
	Signaling domain of CAR T-cells	CD19.CAR-CD28Z T-Cells	Phase I clinical trials for CD19⁺ malignancies 1. NCT02050347 ^‡ 2. NCT02051257 ^‡ 3. NCT01815749 ^†

OX40	Agonistic antibody (combination therapies)	Anti-OX40 mAb	Phase I clinical trial 1. NCT01644968 ^¶ – cancers Phase I/II clinical trials 1. NCT01303705 ^†– prostate cancer 2. NCT01862900 ^†– breast cancer
	Signaling domain of CAR-T cells	iC9-GD2-CD28- OX40(iC9-GD2) T cells	Phase I clinical trials 1.NCT01822652 ^†–neuroblastoma 2. NCT01953900 ^‡– sarcoma

4-1BB	Agonistic antibody	Urelumab (BMS-663513)	Phase I clinical trial 1. NCT01471210 ^† – solid tumors/NHL Phase II clinical trial 1. NCT00612664 ^§ – melanoma
	Agonistic antibody (combination)	PF-05082566	Phase I clinical trial 1. NCT01307267 ^†– NHL
	Signaling domain of CAR-T cells	CD19 scFv TCR:41BB	Phase II clinical trials 1. NCT02030847 ^† – B-cell ALL 2. NCT01029366 ^§ – B-cell leukemia/lymphoma

CD40	Agonistic antibody(combination)	Lucatumumab (HCD122)	Phase lb clinical trial 1. NCT01275209 ^§ –CD40⁺follicular lymphoma
	Agonistic antibody	Dacetuzumab (SGN-40)	Phase I clinical trial 1. NCT00079716 ^§ – myeloma Phase I/II clinical trial 1. NCT00283101 ^§ –CLL
	Agonistic antibody (combination)	CP870-893	Phase I clinical trials 1. NCT0113635^† –melanoma 2. NCT00607048 ^§ – solid tumors
	Chimeric Agonistic Ab	Chi-Lob 7/4	Phase I clinical trial 1. NCT01561911 ^¶ – neoplasms, lymphoma

Representative trials, not meant to be exhaustive list of all trials.

Clinical trial status obtained March 2014 from the ClinicalTrials.gov website maintained by the NIH.

^†

Recruiting.

^‡

Not yet recruiting.

^§

Completed.

^¶

Active, not recruiting.

ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor: CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; mAb: Monoclonal antibody NHL: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.