Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1973 Apr;7(4):620–624. doi: 10.1128/iai.7.4.620-624.1973

Host Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infection in Leprosy

Photini S Papageorgiou 1, Carol F Sorokin 1, K Kouzoutzakoglou 1, Richard J Bonforte 1, Peter L Workman 1, Philip R Glade 1
PMCID: PMC422734  PMID: 4357604

Abstract

A study was undertaken in patients with leprosy to assess the contribution of cell-mediated immunity to the host response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Sixteen of 72 patients (22%) with lepromatous leprosy, with impaired cellular immunity, had anti-EBV titers of 1,640 or higher. Only 4 of 49 patients (8%) with tuberculoid leprosy, with intact cell-mediated immunity, attained the level of 1:640. The anti-EBV antibody titers were significantly higher in patients with lepromatous leprosy (P ≃ 0.025). No significant differences were found in the level of anti-CMV antibody titers in patients with the two types of leprosy. The presence of high anti-EBV antibody titers in lepromatous leprosy suggests that cell-mediated immunity is a significant factor in host response to EBV infection. Host immune responses should be taken into consideration when assignment of an etiological role to EBV is based upon seroepidemiological data.

Full text

PDF
620

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BURRELL R. G., RHEINS M. S. Antigenic analysis of lepromin by agar-diffusion. Int J Lepr. 1957 Jul-Sep;25(3):223–230. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Dierks R. E., Shepard C. C. Effect of phytohemagglutinin and various mycobacterial antigens on lymphocyte cultures from leprosy patients. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1968 Feb;127(2):391–395. doi: 10.3181/00379727-127-32698. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. EPSTEIN M. A., ACHONG B. G., BARR Y. M. VIRUS PARTICLES IN CULTURED LYMPHOBLASTS FROM BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA. Lancet. 1964 Mar 28;1(7335):702–703. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(64)91524-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Evans A. S., Rothfield N. F., Niederman J. C. Raised antibody titres to E.B. virus in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 1971 Jan 23;1(7691):167–168. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91937-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gerber P., Birch S. M. Complement-fixing antibodies in sera of human and nonhuman primates to viral antigens derived from Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Aug;58(2):478–484. doi: 10.1073/pnas.58.2.478. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Glade P. R., Hirschhorn K. Cellular immunity: immune responses and the herpes-like virus. Cell Immunol. 1970 Oct;1(4):359–361. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(70)90013-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Glade P. R., Paltrowitz I. M., Hirschhorn K. Lymphoproliferative potential in infectious diseases. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1969 Jul;45(7):647–656. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Godal T., Myklestad B., Samuel D. R., Myrvang B. Characterization of the cellular immune defect in lepromatous leprosy: a specific lack of circulating Mycobacterium leprae-reactive lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol. 1971 Dec;9(6):821–831. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Guinto R. S. Biology of the mycobacterioses. Skin tests in leprosy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1968 Sep 5;154(1):149–156. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb16705.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Henle G., Henle W., Diehl V. Relation of Burkitt's tumor-associated herpes-ytpe virus to infectious mononucleosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Jan;59(1):94–101. doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.1.94. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Henle G., Henle W. Immunofluorescence in cells derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. J Bacteriol. 1966 Mar;91(3):1248–1256. doi: 10.1128/jb.91.3.1248-1256.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hirshaut Y., Glade P., Moses H., Manaker R., Chessin L. Association of herpes-like virus infection with infectious mononucleosis. Am J Med. 1969 Oct;47(4):520–527. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(69)90182-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hirshaut Y., Glade P., Vieira B. D., Ainbender E., Dvorak B., Siltzbach L. E. Sarcoidosis, another disease associated with serologic evidence for herpes-like virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1970 Sep 3;283(10):502–506. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197009032831002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Levy J. A., Henle G. Indirect immunofluorescence tests with sera from African children and cultured Burkitt lymphoma cells. J Bacteriol. 1966 Jul;92(1):275–276. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.1.275-276.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mirkovic R., Werch J., South M. A., Benyesh-Melnick M. Incidence of cytomegaloviremia in blood-bank donors and in infants with congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease. Infect Immun. 1971 Jan;3(1):45–50. doi: 10.1128/iai.3.1.45-50.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nelson D. S., Nelson M., Thurston J. M., Waters M. F., Pearson J. M. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation in leprosy. Clin Exp Immunol. 1971 Jul;9(1):33–43. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Niederman J. C., McCollum R. W., Henle G., Henle W. Infectious mononucleosis. Clinical manifestations in relation to EB virus antibodies. JAMA. 1968 Jan 15;203(3):205–209. doi: 10.1001/jama.203.3.205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Old L. J., Boyse E. A., Oettgen H. F., Harven E. D., Geering G., Williamson B., Clifford P. Precipitating antibody in human serum to an antigen present in cultured burkitt's lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Dec;56(6):1699–1704. doi: 10.1073/pnas.56.6.1699. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Papageorgiou P. S., Sorokin C., Kouzoutzakoglou K., Glade P. R. Herpes-like Epstein-Barr virus in leprosy. Nature. 1971 May 7;231(5297):47–49. doi: 10.1038/231047a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Prince A. M., Szmuness W., Millian S. J., David D. S. A serologic study of cytomegalovirus infections associated with blood transfusions. N Engl J Med. 1971 May 20;284(20):1125–1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197105202842004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. RIDLEY D. S., JOPLING W. H. A classification of leprosy for research purposes. Lepr Rev. 1962 Apr;33:119–128. doi: 10.5935/0305-7518.19620014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ridley D. S., Jopling W. H. Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group system. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1966 Jul-Sep;34(3):255–273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ridley D. S., Waters M. F. Significance of variations within the lepromatous group. Lepr Rev. 1969 Jul;40(3):143–152. doi: 10.5935/0305-7518.19690026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. SANDS J. H., PALMER P. P., MAYCOCK R. L., GREGER W. P. Evidence for serologic hyper-reactivity in sarcoidosis. Am J Med. 1955 Sep;19(3):401–409. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(55)90128-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. SEVER J. L. Application of a microtechnique to viral serological investigations. J Immunol. 1962 Mar;88:320–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Turk J. L., Bryceson A. D. Immunological phenomena in leprosy and related diseases. Adv Immunol. 1971;13:209–266. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60185-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Turk J. L., Waters M. F. Cell-mediated immunity in patients with leprosy. Lancet. 1969 Aug 2;2(7614):243–246. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(69)90009-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES